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1 Campus of the future models and sustainable choices Alexandra den Heijer, MSc PhD Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 2#3#45#"*678*6976* CONTENT CONTENT 1.! Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY) 1.! Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY) 2.! Trends that shape the campus of the future (PRACTICE) 3.! Three future models for university & campus (STRATEGIES) The campus is a key asset in the Battle for Brains!""#$%&'()(*+,$'&-$&./&'0$0&)+-0$ 1&#$%&'()(*+,$'&-$'2&,+$02+3$&4&56$$ proposition (PhD defence) Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus Universitetets campusområde kan utgöra ett hinder för lärosätet att uppnå sina mål. EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* 7*

2 !"#$#%&'()%*+,#-'%."'*.#%*/#01#"* 2#3#45#"*678*6976*:*;)"*<0%=>!0%?* Managing the university campus!#";)"4'%3#*3"0&#"0'*l%0a#"$0&b* focus on university competitive advantage profitability focus on real estate financial strategic strategic M6*E)"$&*3'$#*$3#%'"0)$NI* * controllers policy makers 7K*0%A#$&*0%*3'4!L$*!*G0?G*3'!0&',*3)$&$*!*'&*3)$&*);*"#$)L"3#$*#.L3'()%*O*"#$#'"3G* * 6K*%#?,#3&*5'3=,)?*4'0%&#%'%3#*!*!").L3(A0&B*,)$$*!*,)E#"*!")P&'50,0&B*!*,)E#"*"'%=* * campus decision sustainable development productivity functional physical Q'4!L$*4'%'?#4#%&*0$*'5)L&*;)L"*.0R#"#%&*!#"$!#3(A#$*!#";)"4'%3#*3"0&#"0'*L%0A#"$0&B* competitive advantage technical managers users operational?)',i*p%.*#$&'&#*$&"'&#?b*&g'&*)!(4',,b*3)%&"05l&#$*&)*',,*!#";)"4'%3#*3"0&#"0'* * profitability Financial Strategic Policy makers financial strategic goals to support, quality ambitions Controllers investment level costs / m2 university goals costs, benefits, value campus management users, satisfaction, mix of functions / spaces m2, condition. location, quality functioneel space use physical m2 space types Users sustainable development productivity Technical managers Physical Functional UU-4 RU-1 RUG-3 TUD-3 RUG-2 UU-5 RUG-5 EUR-2 Utrecht / UU Nijmegen / RU Delft / TUD Utrecht / UU Rotterdam / EUR 14 universities in the Netherlands: Universities in the Netherlands 17 mln Dutch inhabitants 13 WU-2 TUE-4 UT-1 UT-3 WU-1 EUR-1 TUD-1 TUE-2 Wageningen / WU Eindhoven / TUE Enschede / UT Enschede / UT Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Delft / TUD Eindhoven / TUE m2 Groningen 240,000 students 24,000 academic staff 21,000 support staff RUG-4 LEI-1 UvA-1 TUD-2 UT-2 VU-2 RUG-6 LEI-2 Leiden / LEI Amsterdam / UvA Delft / TUD Enschede / UT Amsterdam / VU Leiden / LEI 4,4 mln m2 gross floor area ownership since T Amsterdam Enschede 5 UU-3 VU-1 UvT-1 UM-2 WU-3 EUR-3 RUG-1 UM-3 Utrecht / UU Amsterdam / VU Tilburg / UvT Maastricht / UM Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Maastricht / UM Leiden T Delft 6 Utrecht 3 source data: 2011 A Wageningen Rotterdam 11 Nijmegen 7 RU-2 UvA-2 UU-1 TUE-1 UU-2 UM-1 TUE-3 TUD-4 Nijmegen / RU Amsterdam / UvA Utrecht / UU Eindhoven / TUE Utrecht / UU Maastricht / UM Eindhoven / TUE Delft/TUD Tilburg T T Eindhoven A 0 source: Den Heijer 2011 investment costs from 500 to 4000 euro / m2 gross floor area EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* km universities of technology (3) agricultural university Open University - distant learning 9 Heerlen Maastricht 6*

3 University campus in 2011 Problems internationally shared campus stad campus stad buildings buildings buildings stad buildings Dutch universities own campus (buildings and land) since 1995 Decreasing public funding Ageing campus (technically and functionally) More than 50 % of floor area is from 1960s and 1970s Low occupancy and frequency rates example: 15% of workplaces used Sustainable campus! greening the campus Increasing costs of campus Expanding campus! city 13 Bron: Managing the university campus (Den Heijer, 2011) CONTENT 1.! Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY) 2.! Trends that shape the campus of the future (PRACTICE) - sustainable solutions -! CO 2 neutral campus -! less m2, more quality (photo: Wageningen) - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities - intensive and flexible use of high quality facilities (BK city, Delft) EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* S*

4 Q'4!L$*);*&G#*;L&L"#I*:*,#3&L"#*G',,$*U*)%,B*&)*$G'"#* - transparency of processes: to support image of faculties and university Q'4!L$*);*&G#*;L&L"#I** :*&"'%$!'"#%3B8*$G'"#.*;'30,0(#$** photos: DUWO Q)44L%0&B*5L0,.0%?* - creating the place to meet (photo: Library TU Delft) W"0A'&#*!*WL5,03*$!'3#* EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* T*

5 Q'4!L$*);*&G#*;L&L"#I** :*4)"#*YL',0&B8*,#$$*YL'%(&B* :!*%#E*,0;#*;)"*),.*5L0,.0%?$* :!*0%3"#'$#*5#%#P&$*J*46*&)*3)A#"* G0?G*4'0%&#%'%3#*3)$&*J*46* :*L$#"$*'33#!&*4)"#*.#;#3&$*);* 4#'%0%?;L,8*G0$&)"03*5L0,.0%?$* - changing the academic workplace D(4L,'&#*$)30',*0%&#"'3()%* O*0%&#,,#3&L',*0%&#"'3()%* It takes a crisis for instance a fire to change the academic workplace $ En ytterlighet, till exempel en brand, kan vara det enda sättet att förändra den akademiska arbetsplatsen. [\]^*U*;)&)_$* EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* X*

6 Technology!"#$#%&'()%*+,#-'%."'*.#%*/#01#"* 2#3#45#"*678*6976*:*;)"*<0%=>!0%?* The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life to obsolete heritage buildings. 7-$(--"8&*8$"'2$9+:(1+)$;<-,;&=,3()>?$;&-$!+$-5.$)(8$$ Found a new building within 10 days sustainable = re-use,l3ga)&)*?#5)le* m2!"#$%&0&1&23*++&456+)+-&* TK999*46*?;'*-+4* 0%*L$#*Z'B*699d*!"#$%&.&(&/)+,-&* 7`K999*46*?;'* 0%*L$#*c)A#45#"*699b*!"#$%&'&(&)*+,-&* 7`K999*46*?;'* 0%*L$#*D#!&#45#"*699b* Delft University of Challenge the future Q#,,L,'"*)e3#*$!'3#*0%*),.*5L0,.0%?*U*'A#"'?#*)33L!'%3B*"'&#*7Xf* 11th floor 13.5 m2 usable floor area / fte D 2 IR-lab - 5x student MSc-lab - 50% SECRETARIAAT - Angie - Anuschka - Laura - Shanti Ceciel 0,9 Hans W. 0,8 Marja 0,8 Jildou 0,9 Monika 0,3 + Fridjof 0,4 (+) Barbara 0,8 Fred 1,0 Loes 0,6 Eva-C. 1,0 Ada 0,8 John 1,0 Dion 0,8 Leentje 1,0 Ellen 1,0 Louis 1,0 Ezra 1,0 Erwin 1,0 Steffen 1,0 Guido 1,0 Jeroen B. 0,8 Marie-Therese 0,4 Wout 1,0 (0,8) Andre 0,6 Ineke 0,6 Everaert 0,5 Gerard 1,0 (0,8) Peter-Paul 1,0 Ruud B. 1,0 Rein dg 0,4 Casper 0,2 Stojanovic Koos 1,0 (0,8) Clarien 0,8 + UD Housing Management EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* `*

7 strategic operational focus on university focus on real estate strategic financial policy makers controllers campus decision users technical managers functional physical Changing the academic workplace strategic goals:! increase competitive advantage (image)! stimulate collaboration between different user groups! change culture functional goals:! higher productivity! better match for user activities! higher quality of the working environment! higher occupancy rates financial goals! reduce costs! increase value physical goals:! reduce the footprint! reduce CO 2 emission! reduce risks he3#*$!'3#* :!*%)*0%.0A0.L',* &#""0&)"B* :!*76*46*L$'5,#*!#"*i#**!*5#3'4#*4)"#*'i#"*.#$0?%*!")3#$$* :!*P%.*&G#*5#$&* E)"=!,'3#*;)"*#A#"B* '3(A0&B*j*M'3(A0&B: "#,'&#.*3)%3#!&N* * 'K! D\<^ck*]hhZD* 5K! <\V\cl*]hhZD* 3K! Z^^k\cl*]hhZD* :*;)"4',*J*0%;)"4',*.K! k^+z*h[[\q^d* New concepts for the academic office 789:"&;%<%;%=:%$&U*%#E*'3'.#403*E)"=!,'3#* workplace for employees:! brief: 12 m2! realized: 14 m2 source: report Fokkema & Partners / TU Delft, December 2007! 2011: 11.2 m2! 470! 396 desks! 0.86 workplace / fte! occupancy rate 22%! 27% m2 is usable floor area (m2 ufa) D&)"'?#*!!0%3,L.0%?*.0?0&',*$&)"'?#*!!W]hm<^ZD*! #-!#%$0A#*46*0%*L$#*;)"*$&)"'?#*! '33#$$050,0&B*0%.0A0.L',*'"3G0A#$* ;)"*?")L!$*U*$G'"0%?*);*5))=$*J* 4'&#"0',*! $'4#*5))=$*J*4'?'n0%#$*J* "#!)"&$*)%*#A#"B*$G#,;I*E'$&#*);* "#$)L"3#$o*!,'3=*);*M$&)"'?#*4'%'?#4#%&N* U*G)E*)i#%*.)*E#*3,#'%*L!*! 3L,&L"#*3G'%?#*);*p!'!#",#$$* )e3#_*c)"*p,#$$*!'!#"*)e3#_f*! $L!!,B*?#%#"'&#$*.#4'%.*!!*Dh<@k\hc*! M&)*$G'"#*)"*%)&*&)*5#N*! 5))=$*'"#*@c\V^]D\kq*!")!#"&B*! $G'"#*.0?0&',*"#$)L"3#$* EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* g*

8 Changing the academic workplace & & from private to more public space! from office space to a multifunctional working environment! from individual to shared EA108, Charles&Ray Eames, 1958 Folding chair Dafne, Rinaldi Gastone, 1980 EA124, Charles&Ray Eames, 1958 Elephant Stool, Sori Yanagi, 1954 Armchair, G. Th Rietveld, 1927 La Chaise&Screen, Charles&Ray Eames, 1948 Armchair, Ib Kofod-Larsen, ± 1950! EU: higher education budget crisis! to share or not to be! is expanding from a workplace to the campus and the city! increasingly paperless (paper determines territory!) Elliptical Table ETR, Charles&Ray Eames, 1951 Gueridon, Jean Prouvé, 1949 Fauteuil, N.K. Roerichl, 1904 EM Table, Jean Prouvé, 1950 Low Table Set, Frank Gehry, 1972 LTR Table, Charles&Ray Eames, 1950! from one assigned workplace to many meaningful workplaces or to finding the most comfortable workplace in every season 44 Freeform Sofa, Isamu Noguchi, 1946 Armchair, Han Pieck, Joyn, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, 2002 Chair, W.H. Gispen, Metal Side Table, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec,! trading quantity (per user) for quality of the working environment source: BK city guide see - photos & furniture by VITRA - >%?8:@=A&B.C&D89&@BE;FG@=AH&& & & &I8#J@9K&F<&EJ#:%&L:8J98;#J&"%;@9#A%M& $&L.#%&$*'%.*'3'.#403*$&'R*$G'"0%?*E)"=$!'3#*!**"#.L30%?*&G#*;))&!"0%&8*04!")A0%?*0%&#"'3()%* >%?8:@=A&B.C&D89&@BE;FG@=AH&& & & &I8#J@9K&F<&J@<%&L:#BE8$&N&:@9KM& \%&#"%'()%',*"#;#"#%3#$I* :!*/#0.#,5#"?* :!*@!!$','* :!*D)"5)%%#*J*W'"0$* :!*l,'$?)e* l,'$?)e8*@r* W'"0$8*["'%3#* /#0.#,5#"?8*l#"4'%B* EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* b*

9 proposition (PhD defence) FUNCTION MIX campus of the future The campus of the future is a city Framtidens campus är en stad. ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL To share or not to be! INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED BUSINESS RETAIL & LEISURE campus is network of functions ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED BUSINESS RETAIL & LEISURE CONTENT Model A: Traditional university 1.! Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY) 2.! Trends that shape the campus of the future (PRACTICE) 3.! Three future models for university & campus (STRATEGIES)! traditional, classical university, academic rituals! condition for opportunities: selection, exclusive, elite! same m2! same resources, healthy, safe workplace! no facility sharing: exclusive use for university! opportunity for more resources: - higher tuition & alumni funding Chapman (2006), edited by Den Heijer (2007/2009/2011) EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* d*

10 model A traditional university - exclusiveness, elite & large - can we still afford this? model A reinvented University College small, broad, Bachelor in English, selected talent Model B: Network university! more institutions thoroughly mixed with urban fabric continued infusing in the urban domain with all campus space types (academic, housing, leisure etc.) Harvard Square university-community collaboration CAMPUS IN THE CITY! focus on university-industrycommunity collaboration Chapman (2006), edited by Den Heijer (2007/2009/2011)! same space demand, more facility sharing! sharing resources! more quality for all stakeholders Q'4!L$*);*&G#*;L&L"#I* BF?%J&O&1&=%9PF;Q&8=@G%;$@9K* :*!3'4!L$*0$*4'"=#&*!,'3#*);*=%)E,#.?#"* :!*$G'"0%?*&G#*3'4!L$* :!*#L%0A#":30&B$* Model C: Virtual university! the physical campus is an inspiring meeting place:!creative, stimulating and a focus on intellectual and social exchange"! virtual!back office", vital very modern state-of-the art!front office" university! m2: less (clicks replace part of the m2)! same resources available for less m2 --> higher quality Chapman (2006), edited by Den Heijer (2007/2009/2011) model C virtual university work where you want EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* 79*

11 The campus is a key asset in the Battle for Brains Model A Traditional university (= reference) Model B Network university Model C Virtual university m2 same m2 much less m2 less m2 Model D University college for global competition in attracting talent for productivity quantity and quality of output for profitability most effective way to spend budget for sustainable development m2 / user users more users more users less users euros more euros more euros available available (from more users) (for less m2) more euros available (higher added value) quality per m2 higher quality higher quality higher quality CONCLUSIONS 1.! THEORY - managing the campus is complex task - affects all university performance criteria 2.! PRACTICE - trends are international - to share or not to be Follow me on More about the book Managing the university campus : 3.! MODELS - align university & campus strategy - combining traditional, network & virtual campus! Share information in European (EUA) network 63 Managing the university campus! Managing the European campus! putting campus (management) on the strategic agenda! gathering data in European network! use crowd sourcing and crowd funding (EU universities)! to generate collective management information! compare campus management models (campus ownership)! result: publications / benchmarks / tools! supporting campus decisions of EUA members EEEK4'%'?0%?&G#L%0A#"$0&B3'4!L$K%,* 77*