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1 Campus of the future Opportunities of a crisis Dr. ir. Alexandra den Heijer associate professor Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft, Netherlands Lisbon,Portugal InsLtutoSuperiorTécnic(IST March27,2014 hand-out of this presentation: downloads CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY 2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES 3. Opportunities of a crisis case BK city (PRACTICE 4. Design guidelines (STRATEGY CONTENT&/&Proposi.ons&& 1. Eachuniversitygoalcanbefrustratedbythephysicalcampus. As#instalações#do#campus#podem#afectar#os##objec6vos#da#universidade.# 2. TheinnovaLveandflexibleknowledgeeconomycanbringnewlifeto obsoleteindustrialheritage.a#economia#de#conhecimento#que#é# inovadora#e#flexível#pode#trazer#uma#nova#vida#aos#edi@cios#obsoletos#de# herança#industrial# 3. Ittakesacrisis forexampleafire tochangetheacademicworkplace. Énecessárioumacrise6porexemploumfogo6paraalterarasinstalações académicas. 4. Thecampusofthefutureisacity.O#campus#do#futuro#é#uma#cidad.# CONTENT PHYSICAL definition of campus 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY campus city campus city city the campus isdefinedasthe(colleclonofand land,usedforuniversityoruniversity6relatedfunclons 1

2 FUNCTIONAL definition of campus ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls,... RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels,... ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL The campus is a key asset in the (global Battle for Brains good#facili6es#can#acract#talent# bad#facili6es#can#chase#them#away ## RELATED BUSINESS start-ups, incubators, industry,... INFRASTRUCTURE RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes,... INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED BUSINESS RETAIL & LEISURE reasons&to&go& 1. academicreputalon 25% 6professors,programme, teachingmethod,rankings 2. country/city/culture 24% 3. careerdevelopment 18% 6employability,learningthelanguage, personal/interculturalrelalons 4. universityservices 17% 5. sociallife 11% 6qualityoflife,friends,love Why study abroad? Reasons (not to go reasons&not&to&go& 1. academicreputalon 58% 6Englishlanguageskillsofstaff, workload 2. city/culture 18% 6lackofintegraLon 3. sociallife 10% 6lackoforganisedevents 4. universityservices 10% proposition (PhD defence Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus As instalações do campus podem afectar os objectivos da universidade. source:europeanstudychoiceplaaorm StudyPortals (2012 The campus is a key asset in the Battle for Brains for global competition in attracting talent for productivity workplace for student / staff of the future for profitability finding most effective way to spend budget for sustainable development m2 / user History of the campus and the city city 1. - until small, elite universities - campus = city campus city 2. - between 1950s and 1990s - explosive growth, safety laboratories - move to the edge of town campus city campus city 3. - around city has surrounded the campus - what s next? st century - (a merge campus and city? - (b campus as new city? source: Managing the university campus (Den Heijer,

3 AlexandradenHeijer Amsterdam Maastricht Eindhoven Leiden munich,de palo alto, usa ithaca, usa Groningen Enschede Nijmegen Delft enschede,nl Utrecht Tilburg 0 5 Wageningen cambridge, uk daejeon, kr côte d azur, fr singapore, sg eindhoven,nl the triangle, usa zurich, ch Technology campuses are planned, clustered and (quasi-isolated built environments. In fact, there is no evidence that supports these characteristics of the built environment enhance research activity. However, their existence supports there are reasons to believe they do delft, nl novosibirsk, ru Despite globalisation trends, physical proximity is believed to facilitate the flows of tacit knowledge and it is actively encouraged in campuses strategies guildford, uk Rotterdam 10 km leiden, nl tsukuba, jp cambridge/boston, usa perth, au espoo/helsinki, fi hsinchu, tw FlaviaCurveloMagdaniel seemanagingtheuniversitycampus.nl(tag Flavia source:haraldmooij kansai/kyoto, jp Problems internationally shared cottbus, de bremen, de beijing, cn Physical proximity allows social density and therefore, it increases the chances of intellectual and/or social interaction between people. Indeed, these chances depends not only on the type of activities allocated in a place and the people they involve, but also depends on the way both people and activities are accommodated in the built environment sendai, jp The European campus is a key asset in the (global Battle for Brains berlin, de shanghai, cn Europeancampusasan lisbon, pt amsterdam, nl enablerforeurope2020& Europeancampusasa shenzhen, cn tainan, tw disablerforeurope2020& 1.coimbra, >50%from1960s/70s UniversiLesaseconomicgrowth taichung, tw pt aachen, de engines: placema>ers 2. badfunclonal/technicalstate: reinvestmentsrequired 2. Europe sknowledgeeconomy accommodatedincultural 3. lowullizalonrates:high IMBE research area RE&H TU Delft 2 barcelona, es sittard-geleen, nl heritage vacancyratesofoffices, laboratories,classrooms 3. European univer6ciles are considereda>raclveplacesto 4. campus10615%oftotalcosts live,work,be negalvelyaffects financial sustainability ofuniversiles 1. grenoble, fr ERACnetwork,Brussels October22,2013 Alexandra#den#Heijer# Radical change working population in OECD countries (% 100 UniversiLesasurbangrowthengines! Where technology campuses arelocated, innovation takes place! Relation economic growth and presence (top-ranked university knowledge& 75 industry& agriculture& Year services& NorthAmerica Asia6Pacific Europe moreinfo:researcherflaviacurvelomagdaniel seemanagingtheuniversitycampus.nl 3

4 22% 11% TechnicalcondiLoncampus potenlalrisk Netherlands& 4% 22% 11% 30% excellent good reasonable moderate bad very bad! Physical France& TotalBuiltSurfacesGFA Ownedbythestate 82% m2 Land 5.950ha UniversityRealEstateCondition Required(intervention(expressed(as(a(%(of(replacement(cost( 20%,(40%,(60%,(80%,(100%( Grade %ofm2 4% 10%! A 33% 33% B 32% 21% C 21% D 10% E 4%! 32% CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY 2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES 37%*4,4mln=1,7mlnm2 needsreinvestmentinnl 35%*18,6mln=6,5mlnm2 needsreinvestmentinfrance BRIEF for the campus of the future ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls,... ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels,... ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL RELATED BUSINESS incubators, industry,... RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes,... INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED RETAIL & BUSINESS LEISURE INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED RETAIL & BUSINESS LEISURE Academic: education & research Space types on campus, example NL specific, incl. laboratories 21% residential 1% sanitary 3% storage 10% special storage 2% education 16% office 33% restaurant 4% support 10% 4

5 Cellular office symbolic for cellular research MSc-lab MSc-lab - 50% Ceciel 0,9 Hans W. 0,8 SECRETARIAAT - Angie - Anuschka Marja 0,8 - Laura Jildou 0,9 - Shanti Monika 0,3 + Fridjof 0,4 (+ Barbara 0,8 Fred 1,0 Loes 0,6 Eva-C. 1,0 Ada 0,8 John 1,0 Dion 0,8 Leentje 1,0 Ellen 1,0 Louis 1,0 Ezra 1,0 Erwin 1,0 Steffen 1,0 Guido 1,0 Jeroen B. 0,8 Peter-Paul 1,0 Ruud B. 1,0 Rein dg 0,4 Casper 0,2 Stojanovic Marie-Therese 0,4 Wout 1,0 (0,8 Andre 0,6 Ineke 0,6 Everaert 0,5 Gerard 1,0 (0,8 Koos 1,0 (0,8 Clarien 0,8 + UD Housing Management on a busy day: less than 20% of the desks is occupied source: various utilization studies - changing the academic workplace " space use < 20% of workplaces used - transparency of processes to inspire and learn from each other - transparency of processes: to support image of faculties and university - sustainable solutions - CO 2 neutral campus (photo: Wageningen - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities 5

6 SLmulatesocialinteracLon &intellectualinteraclon - intensive and flexible use of high quality facilities From literature: what generates innovation? 1. Interaction between academic acquaintances from different scientific backgrounds is better than academic friends or academic family (analogy: genetics 2. Serendipity as innovation motor new ideas by accident, unplanned interaction 3. The physical presence of people relevant to universities meeting of minds 4. No clicks without bricks no world-class university can be entirely virtual 5. Informal meetings: build trust (biology matters (espresso bars, public space, social media contribute to that 6. Importance of place attachment " 2 nd home for international community feeling at home will make knowledge workers stay (1 st house, 1 st child moreinfo:researchersalomebenlnck seemanagingtheuniversitycampus.nl student housing photos: DUWO Communitybuilding student / PhD housing new life for old building (photo DUWO 6

7 2. The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life to obsolete (industrial heritage. - more quality, less quantity - new life for old (photo: Maastricht A#economia#de#conhecimento#que#é#inovadora#e#flexível## pode#trazer#uma#nova#vida#aos#edi@cios#obsoletos## de#herança#industrial univer-city (photo Groningen InternaLonalreferences: 6 Heidelberg 6 Uppsala 6 Sorbonne/Paris 6 Glasgow 6 Gent Uppsala,Sweden Glasgow,UK Paris,France Heidelberg,Germany - creating the place to meet (photo: Delft Private"Publicspace 7

8 Campussen of clusters luchtfoto campus CONTENT 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY 2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES 3. Opportunities of a crisis case BK city (PRACTICE 3. It takes a crisis for instance a fire to change the academic workplace # Énecessárioumacrise6porexemploumfogo para alterarasinstalaçõesacadémicas. FIRE foto s 8

9 Emergency&& management& & <&3&days&& ajer&the&fire& Movie&1& & The&unforgeCable&fire & Teletekst bezoekminister Found a new building within 10 days sustainable = re-use luchtfoto gebouw ASSIGNMENT: relocate 3300 students and > 800 employees DEADLINE: renovate m2< 6 months + new construction m2 < next 6 months 9

10 Delft University of Technology AlexandradenHeijer Foto s bezoek Julianalaan Undergraduates < 4 months after fire luchaotogebouw Project ready < 1 year m2 Phase&3& &GLASS&HOUSES:& 4.000m2gfanew inusemay2009 Phase&2&K&WEST:& m2gfa inusenovember2008 Phase&1&K&EAST:& m2gfa inuseseptember2008 Challenge the future m2 Design the building as a city reduce footprint (-15%, more shared / public space 10

11 Glass house 1 CONTENT Private " Public space Contextual Concept: Connectivity and variety 1. Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY 2. Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES 3. Opportunities of a crisis case BK city (PRACTICE 4. Design guidelines (STRATEGY GOALS ORGANISATION 1. Community building 2. More effective support of education, research & management 3. Creating the place to meet 4. Stimulate social interaction & intellectual interaction 5. Flexible use of facilities 6. Sustainable Reducing&m2,&but&improving && & & &Quality&of&place&(interior&design& Reducing&m2,&but&improving && & & &Quality&of&place&(cultural&heritage& EA108, Charles&Ray Eames, 1958 Folding chair Dafne, Rinaldi Gastone, 1980 EA124, Charles&Ray Eames, 1958 Elephant Stool, Sori Yanagi, 1954 Armchair, G. Th Rietveld, 1927 La Chaise&Screen, Charles&Ray Eames, 1948 Armchair, Ib Kofod-Larsen, ± 1950 Elliptical Table ETR, Charles&Ray Eames, 1951 Gueridon, Jean Prouvé, 1949 Fauteuil, N.K. Roerichl, 1904 EM Table, Jean Prouvé, 1950 Low Table Set, Frank Gehry, 1972 LTR Table, Charles&Ray Eames, Freeform Sofa, Isamu Noguchi, 1946 Armchair, Han Pieck, Joyn, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, 2002 Chair, W.H. Gispen, Metal Side Table, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, source: BK city guide see - photos & furniture by VITRA

12 Reducing&m2,&but&improving && & & &Quality&of&life&(campus&&&city& the academic workplace place building city TRADE-OFF one territorial office workplace many non-territorial places 4. The campus of the future is a city O#campus#do#futuro#é#uma#cidade. ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls,... RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels,... campus of the future ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL RELATED BUSINESS incubators, industry,... INFRASTRUCTURE RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes,... INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED BUSINESS RETAIL & LEISURE campus strategy to share or not to be ORGANISATIONAL LEVELS / potential partners for shared use, management and/or ownership global continental national regional local university faculty department section individual models for shared use/management/ownership with external partners on campus ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS RETAIL & LEISURE FUNCTIONS RELATED BUSINESS FUNCTIONS INFRASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS models for shared use/management/ownership with internal partners on campus STUDIO space Sept 1, 2008 Sept 4, 2008 world Europe Netherlands region city campus building zone subzone place PHYSICAL SCALES / resources to accommodate the required campus functions Sept 18, 2008 Sept 18,

13 Studiospace 6 studentbackatthefaculty 6 6m2usableperworkplace 6 "becamelessauerdecisionprocess 6 tablesareassignedtogroupsofstudents persemester(nopermanentterritory 6 smartuseofspace(bysmartscheduling CREATE HOMEAWAYFROMHOME Library:quietplacetostudy fotoariegraafland fotooranjetribune+lensveldprijs? Changingtheacademicoffice Officespace 6 noindividual territory 6 12m2usableperue "becamemoreauer designprocess 6 aclvityrelated concept a. SILENTROOMS b. LIVINGROOMS c. MEETINGROOMS 6formal/informal d. TEAMOFFICES 13

14 Publicspace usablespaceincorridorsforinformal meelngsandwork studentsandacademicstaffsharingworkspace"reducingthefootprint,improvinginteraclon Public space: design a building like in a city Restaurants&bars Changing the academic workplace from private to more public space from office space to a multifunctional working environment from individual to shared - to share or not to be is expanding from a workplace to the campus and the city trading quantity (per user for quality of the working environment from one assigned workplace to many meaningful workplaces or to finding the most comfortable workplace in every season increasingly paperless (paper determines territory 14

15 CONTENT&/&Proposi.ons&& 1. Eachuniversitygoalcanbefrustratedbythephysicalcampus. As#instalações#do#campus#podem#afectar#os##objec6vos#da#universidade.# 2. TheinnovaLveandflexibleknowledgeeconomycanbringnewlifeto obsoleteindustrialheritage.a#economia#de#conhecimento#que#é# herança#industrial# The campus of the future is a city The city of the future is a campus (univer-city 1. use heritage for branding students* become tourists 2. reduce the footprint densily populated areas contribute to innovation 3. less private, more public use of space showcase, open, 24/7 access 4. urban meeting rooms to merge urban and university communities 5. regional alignment planning in a public-private network 3. Ittakesacrisis forexampleafire tochangetheacademicworkplace. Énecessárioumacrise6porexemploumfogo6paraalterarasinstalações académicas. 4. Thecampusofthefutureisacity.O#campus#do#futuro#é#uma#cidad.# * and other knowledge workers THEORIES&&&FRAMEWORKS 1. Convincepolicymakersofrolecampusinperformanceuniversity. AFTER&OUR&FIRE:&BK&CITY 2. Neverwasteagoodcrisis. & NEW&CONCEPTS&TESTED& 3. UseEuropeanheritageasacompeLLveadvantage. STRATEGIC&CHOICES& 4. UseEuropeanhistoricalinnerciLesandcollecLvequaliLesasa compellveadvantage toshareornottobe & Follow me on More about the book and research Managing the university campus : (see DOWNLOADS for hand-out SHARING&KNOWLEDGE&IN&EUROPEAN&NETWORKS& & Movie&2& & The&making&of&BK&city & 15