Misunderestimating Maintenance: An empirical approach to quantify maintenance expectations for BMPs
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1 Misunderestimating Maintenance: An empirical approach to quantify maintenance expectations for BMPs James Houle, CPSWQ, UNH Stormwater Center University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH
2 Imagine the Ultimate System Low Cost and NO Maintenance Ever! It Cleans! It Disinfects! It Will Get eliminating everything in it s path since 1776 You the Job! 2
3 The Maintenance Myth
4 Bioretention Parking Lot Retrofit, Durham, NH
5 TSS Pollutant (per year) Amount 179 lbs. Cigarette Butts 4,392 Misc. Trash 752
6 Maintenance Activity Minimum Frequency Estimated Time Commitment Number of Employees Inspection Clean Pretreatment Trash Screens and Pick Up Trash in system 2 times per year 1 time per month on average 30 minutes taking time to fill out checklist in UNHSC document minutes per visit 1 Spring Cleaning 1 time per year 4 hours 2 Total personnel hours per year: hours Estimated $1,500 $2,000 (30,000 sf of IC Treated)
7 LID in 2006
8 LID in Now
9 1,000 Pound Gorilla Who has primary responsibility for maintenance? Most local governments or public agencies haven t figured it out yet? States and the Federal Government hasn t figured it out yet? Private property owners and associations haven t figured it out yet?
10 HWG, 2011
11 Often Maintenance only occurs when there is failure There is a perception that LID systems require more maintenance Some claim LID systems fail and will require expensive repairs Our current practices have a high degree of failure and significant cost impacts however we are familiar with it What is Maintenance
12 Crack sealing CB cleaning Filling pot holes Resetting curbs Landscape maintenance beatification of street-scape Culver reinforcement/replacement/renewal Pipe lining/repair All of which can be reduced or duplicated by green infrastructure
13 Factors that impact maintenance costs Inspection frequency Required routine maintenance (frequency and complexity). Specialized equipment and speculative unknowns Non-routine and rehabilitative maintenance Regulatory climate Extreme storms The fudge factor
14
15 Critical components of a best- case scenario: 1. Appropriate Design 2. Installation. Then Maintenance
16 Detention Basin Retention Pond Stone Swale Veg Swale Porous Asphalt PICP Pervious Concrete Gravel Wetland Sand Filter Bioretention Unit (3)
17 Maintenance Data
18 Maintenance Complexity is defined as: Minimal Stormwater Professional or Consultant is seldom needed Moderate Stormwater Professional or Consultant is needed half the time Simple Stormwater Professional or Consultant is occasionally needed Complicated Stormwater Professional or Consultant is always needed Erickson, et al, 2010
19 Reactive Episodic maintenance, cheap in short term, expensive in the long term Periodic/Predictive Science basis, schedulable activities, more cost effective Proactive Adapted from Reese, A.J., Presler, H.H., Cost effective, prventatative operations
20 Assumptions Category of Maintenance Type of Maintenance complexity price ($) Structural Repairs complicated 135 Reactive maintenance Partial Rehabilitation complicated 135 Rehabilitation complicated 135 Periodic/Predictive maintenance Proactive maintenance Solids and Debris Removal moderate 115 Inspection simple 95 Mowing minimal 75 Vegetation Management minimal 75 Pavement Vacuuming moderate 115 Erosion control & bank stabilization simple 95
21 Tabular Data Maintenance Year BMP Category of Maintenance Type of Maintenance Specific Maintenance Complexity of Maintenance Hours of Maintenance Cost 2005 Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Mowing side slope and perimeter mowing (Bi Annualy 3 hrs each) Minimal 3.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Periodic maintenance Inspection Maintenance Forms Simple 1.0 $ Unit D2: Bioretention Pond Proactive maintenance Vegetation Management erosion control, seeding, etc Simple 3.0 $285 TOTAL 64.0 $5,600.0
22 Type of Maintenance Detailed Breakdown BMP Standard Sand Filter Retention Pond Dry Pond Vegetated Swale Bioretention Gravel Wetland Inspection Quarterly Mowing bi annual Veg Management 1 3 yrs * ESC 3 4 x/yr 1, 2 x/yr2 Solids Removal as necessary/yr Structural Repairs as necessary Partial Rehabilitation as necessary Porous Asphalt Rehabilitation as necessary * Denotes 1 x every 3 years Key Yes Partial No 1 x 2 x
23
24
25
26
27 Tools of the trade
28
29 installation and maintenance cost data, with normalization by area Parameter Vegetated Sand Gravel Porous Wet Pond Dry Pond Bioretention Swale Filter Wetland Asphalt Capital Cost ($) 12,000 13,500 13,500 12,500 22,500 21,550 21,800 Inflated 2012 Capital Cost 14,600 16,500 16,500 15,200 27,400 25,600 26,600 Maintenance and Capital Cost Comparison Personnel (hr/yr) Personnel ($/yr) 823 3,060 2,380 2,808 2,138 1, Subcontractor Cost ($/yr) Total Operational Cost ($/yr) 823 3,060 2,380 2,808 2,138 1,890 1,080 Operation/Capital Cost (%) 6% 19% 14% 18% 8% 8% 4%
30 TSS Removal Efficiencies TSS % Removal Efficiency
31 DIN Removal Efficiencies DIN % Removal Efficiency
32 TP Removal Efficiencies TP % Removal Efficiency
33
34
35
36 O&M Costs CSO Control Scenarios GI will provided a 22% reduction in LTCP capital cost Funds for labor, supplies, and equipment Replacing energy demands of grey infrastructure O&M burden shifts to people in replace of heavy energy demand
37 Conclusions All advanced stormwater systems require maintenance LID maintenance is often simple, low cost consistent with standard landscaping practices Estimations based on % of capital costs are not reliable Consider requiring permanent sureties Fine filter media systems may have reduced service life due to clogging easily serviced sand filters and bioretention Every site and system is different The more system maintenance can be standardize the lower the anticipated maintenance costs.
38 Questions???
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