Landscape Structure and Geophysical Parameters that Control the Hydrology of Venal Pools
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1 Landscape Structure and Geophysical Parameters that Control the Hydrology of Venal Pools Presentation by Niall McCarten, Institute for Ecohydrology Research and Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis
2 Overview of Presentation Landscapes and Spatial Scales of Vernal Pool Ecosystems Geophysical Parameters Topography and Soils Hydrological Relationships Vernal Pool Restoration Process
3 Vernal Pools
4 Vernal Pools
5 Vernal Pool Landscapes Agate Desert, Oregon - Hardpan Ecosystems develop in a variety of landscapes with different geology Table Mtn, California - Basalt Flow Sacramento, California - hardpan
6 Surface Water and Connectivity
7 Vernal Pool Landscapes
8 Mather Field Catchments
9 Catchment & Cascading Vernal Pools
10 Water Balance Storage = (Qi + P) (Qo + Et) Qi S Qo
11 Catchments Within Catchments 3.8% 7.9% % 18.5% 10.3%
12 Cross-section of a vernal pool catchment
13 Soil Surface and Subsurface Water Relationships Water Input: Rainfall (40% to 60%) + Uplands Enough Water to Saturate the Soil (40% to 50% of soil is air)
14 Variation in Vernal Pool Hydrology Due to Soil Profile
15 Soils Soil series known to have water-restricting zones in the soil profile: Duripan San Joaquin Series Redding Series Hedge
16 Measuring Soil Water-Restricting Layers GroundPenetrating Radar
17 Figure GPR Transect Across Vernal Pool Landscape at MCB Camp Pendleton GPR Maritime Chaparral The GPR soil profile shows the presence and depth to the water-restricting layer along a surface transect at MCB Camp Pendleton. Vernal Pool Clay WaterRestricting layer Corresponding to B22t Soil Horizon Vernal Pool Swale Hardpan WaterRestricting layer Corresponding to Cm Soil Horizon Clay WaterRestricting layer Corresponding to B22t Soil Horizon
18 Ground Penetrating Radar and Soil
19 Ground-Penetrating Radar Profile of Vernal Pool Landscape Soil Surface Vernal Pool Hardpan Vernal Pool Upland
20 A Horizon = Loam B Horizon = Clay C = Sandstone Huerhuero Loam
21 Vernal Pool Site Assessment and Restoration Engineering Design Process Site Suitability Conduct Site Suitability and Hydrological Functioning Analysis Vernal Pool Model Use site hydrology model to make draft engineering design of restored vernal pools Field Verification & Finalize Model Pool site specific GPR surveys and additional topography (GPS). Finalize model. Construction
22 Step 1 Site Suitability & Constraints Identify the Site has Suitable Topography Identify the Site has Suitable Soil with Water-Restricting Layer and Depth Identify Location of Existing Wetlands Conduct Hydrological Analysis of the Site Catchment/watershed area and slope Direction of water flow Measure seasonal hydrology or compare with similar sites and wetlands
23 Historical Current acre site
24 Existing Topography and Wetlands
25 San Joaquin Soil Series A Loam Bt - Loam 2Bt- Clay (claypan) Bqm - Hardpan Redding A Gravelly Loam 2Bt Clay (claypan) Bqm - Hardpan
26 Ground-Penetrating Radar Transects
27 Ground Penetrating Radar Transects San Joaquin series Redding series Seasonal swale Claypan
28 Step 2 Conceptual Design and Engineering of Created Pools Identify and Map Potential Locations for Wetland Restoration or Creation, Conduct Hydrological Analysis of Site with Created Vernal Pools Model the affect of created pools on existing wetland hydrology, Model the hydrology of the created pools.
29 Model of Surface Change to Create New Vernal Pool Basin New Pool Basin
30 Complete Vernal Pool Grading Model
31 Vernal Pool Topography
32 Pool Location & Soil Water Restricting DAT 36B - Pools 6 & 7 Layers DAT 39B Pools 12, 13, 14, 17
33 Digital Elevation Model of Every Vernal Pool
34 Disturbed Soil Sites Disturbance of the natural topography and soils result in challenges in GPR measurements, and with continuity of the soil texture, and depth to water-restricting layers. Examples of Disturbance: Mixing of soil horizon, excavation, and compaction. Rice fields, farming equipment, tanks, and helicopters.
35 Vernal Pool Hydrology Modeling Effect of different amount and seasonal timing of rainfall on the vernal pool hydrology
36 3-D Vernal Pool Landscape Model Figure 4-5 Vector water flow model of post construction topography of the Rooney Property
37 Lidar Topography Restoration of vernal pools on Huerhuero loam
38 Step 3 Field Verification and 4 Construction The locations of potential vernal pools is surveyed in more detail using GPR and additional GPS for a more accurate topographic model The vernal pool 3-D computer model is converted into a GPS coordinate model. The primary bulldozer has GPS antenna on each side of the blade. Grading of vernal pools within 0.1 feet.
39 Construction of Vernal Pools
40 Restored Vernal Pols
41 Notes The size, shape, and location of pools depends on the physical setting, Predicting the hydrology during dry to wet rainfall years with varying seasonal distribution is key to predicting the outcome, Hydrological monitoring critical. If they don t have water the first year there is a problem.
42 Potential Outcomes Wetter Eleocharis Downingia Lasthenia Navarretia Drier Festuca perennis non-native
43 QUESTIONS?
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