Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks

Transcription

1 Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks

2

3 Nobuhiro Kaneko Shinji Yoshiura Masanori Kobayashi Editors Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks

4 Editors Nobuhiro Kaneko Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Shinji Yoshiura Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Masanori Kobayashi Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for commercial use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for commercial use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Foreword Managing risks and promoting sustainability are imperative for the international community to build a sustainable society on our planet. To prompt changes in our behaviours and business models and to facilitate the socio-economic transformation necessary for a sustainable world, we must empower people who can take the lead in supporting the transition to a system that is more environmentally sound and enriching in terms of human well-being. Yokohama National University (YNU) strives to promote international partnerships as a means of advancing education and research. The Leadership Programme in Sustainable Living with Environmental Risk (the SLER programme) is one such initiative that YNU has promoted over the years. Since 2009, the SLER programme has been supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and the Japanese Science and Technology Promotion Agency (JST). It is spearheaded by the YNU Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, and is considered one of the key initiatives at our university. Prof. Shin Morishita, Dean of the YNU Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, has championed the SLER programme as Programme Leader, and Prof. Nobuhiro Kaneko has steered SLER education and research activities as Programme Coordinator together with other faculty and supporting staff. This textbook, Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks, is a manifestation of the progress and achievements made by the SLER programme. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to MEXT, JST, and all those in YNU, our partner universities, and elsewhere, who have collaborated to support the programme and the publication of this textbook. I trust that this textbook will provide a useful knowledge base and tool for future students and practitioners to comprehend the mounting challenges we all face and to explore innovative approaches to manage risk effectively and promote sustainability. We expect graduates of the SLER programme at YNU and partner universities to bring both their expertise and their compassion to bear in leading the transformation that will bring about a sustainable society and world. v

6 vi Foreword Global sustainability cannot be achieved by a single stakeholder group or country. We must work more closely together and enhance the impact of our educational and research activities to develop the knowledge and skills essential for future environmental leaders. We must forge ahead with our endeavours and capitalize upon the SLER initiative s achievements. In this way, YNU will continue to play a leading role in developing environmental leaders for a sustainable world. Kunio Suzuki President, Yokohama National University Yokohama, Japan

7 Preface I am very pleased to present this publication, Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks, which represents one of the key outputs of the Leadership Programme in Sustainable Living with Environmental Risk (the SLER programme). The Yokohama National University Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences (YNU-GSEIS) has been implementing the SLER programme over the past few years with the support of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and the Japanese Science and Technology Promotion Agency (JST), as well as our partner universities. To promote trans-disciplinary, pragmatic education and research to facilitate the development of environmental leaders, YNU-GSEIS developed an alliance of faculty members at YNU and partner universities, as well as a curriculum that addresses risk and sustainability from trans-disciplinary, multifaceted perspectives. Every Tuesday, YNU joins with students of the United Nations University-Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) and the United Nations Institute of Sustainability and Peace (UNU-ISP) to connect to eight overseas universities through the Interactive Multimedia Education System (imes). Participants hear lectures given by prominent practitioners working in international research institutes and other organizations, NGOs, business corporations, and government, after which intensive discussions take place. Our annual SLER intensive course also serves as an exemplar of our participation with partner universities in a wide range of activities. The course includes a tour to observe the process of reconstruction in Rikuzentakata and other areas in Tohoku (northeast Japan) affected by the 2011 disaster. There are also visits to Kawasaki and Hayama, a symposium at the United Nations University, and a scenario workshop at YNU that addresses integrated risk and environment management, exploring the science policy interface. A three-day workshop on environmental leadership and career development was another unique SLER programme initiative held in Hayama in March 2013 and co-organized with UNU-IAS and ISP. vii

8 viii Preface There are so many more activities that could be cited as achievements of the SLER programme, and this book attests to the extent of our determination to further enhance our education and research programmes for developing environmental leaders. I hope that you will find it both useful and enlightening. Shin Morishita Dean, Yokohama National University Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Leader, Leadership Programme in Sustainable Living with Environmental Risk Yokohama, Japan

9 Congratulatory Salutation As the world population continues to increase exponentially and humans resort to ever more intensified resource use, managing risks and promoting sustainability have become imperative, while the need for environmental leaders is greater than ever. The Yokohama National University (YNU) Leadership Programme in Sustainable Living with Environmental Risk (the SLER programme) has been supported since 2009 by strategic funding for the promotion of science and technology from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The funds were provided as part of the strategic programme for fostering international environmental leaders begun in 2008 to provide support to 17 universities in Japan. The SLER programme is a distinctive one that focuses on environmental risk management and promotion of sustainability, building upon YNU s long- established expertise and achievements in these fields. I have been associated with several of the key events and activities undertaken in the context of the programme, and therefore had a chance to personally observe this highly productive international partnership among universities. I was especially impressed by its use of the simultaneous broadcasting system for joint lectures and seminars, as well as for symposiums to discuss critical challenges and career development. I am therefore very pleased to recommend this newly launched publication Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks, comprising one of the key outputs delivered under the SLER programme. This textbook contains numerous articles contributed not just by YNU faculty members, but also by faculty in the partner universities. It therefore represents the culmination of all that the programme has achieved. The aim of the textbook is to present up-to-date analysis on environmental risks, their implications, and interventions to promote effective risk management and sustainable development. It reflects insightful views and suggestions for advancing science, education, and leadership development aimed at achieving sustainability. ix

10 x Congratulatory Salutation I would like to congratulate YNU for its successful implementation of the SLER programme and for the publication of this textbook. I am honoured to pay a tribute in this congratulatory salutation on the occasion of the textbook s launch. I sincerely hope that YNU will continue to demonstrate global leadership in research, education, and leadership development, and I am certain that this textbook will inspire its readers to ever greater wisdom and ingenuity in the pursuit of effective risk management and sustainability. Koujun Yamashita Program Officer, Department for Promoting Science and Technology System Reform, Japan Science and Technology Agency

11 Acknowledgments It has been my honour and pleasure to act as Coordinator for the Leadership Development Programme for Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks (SLER). SLER was launched in 2009 and has been being carried out with the support of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and the Japanese Science and Technology Promotion Agency (JST). I am grateful to Prof. Kunio Suzuki, Yokohama National University (YNU) and Prof. Shin Morishita, Dean of the YNU Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences (GSEIS) and Leader of SLER for their ebullient guidance and support. This book Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks is a consolidation of knowledge, insights and suggestions for developing environmental leadership on risk management and sustainability promotion deriving from SLER activities carried out over the years. On behalf of the other editors and my colleagues Prof. Shinji Yoshiura and Associate Professor Masanori Kobayashi, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation particularly to the SLER focal points of partner universities namely Prof. Da Liangjun (East China Normal University), Prof. Ainin Niswati (University of Lampung), Prof. Samuel Kiboi (University of Nairobi), Prof. Bruno Ramamonjisoa (University of Antananarivo), Prof. Norizan Esa and Prof. Nik Norma Nik Hasan (University Science Malaysia), Prof. Roberto F. Rañola Jr. (University of the Philippines Los Baños), Prof. Damrong Pipatwattanakul (Kasetsert University), and Prof. Nguyen Van Dung (University of Danang). I would also like to thank Dr. Koujun Yamashita, Program Officer of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, Prof. Govindan Parayil, Vice Rector of the United Nations University and Director of the United Nations University-Institute of Advanced Studies, Prof. Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Senior Vice-Rector, United Nations University and Director, Institute for Sustainability and Peace, and Mr. Hideyuki Mori, President, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies for their support to SLER as our key collaborating institutes. So many other faculty member colleagues and staff members of YNU and our partner universities and collaborators of our partner xi

12 xii Acknowledgments institutions have given us tremendous support to SLER and the publication of this book. I ask for your indulgence no to mention all. I hope that this book will be a valuable contribution to our endeavours to develop environmental leaders for a sustainable world. Nobuhiro Kaneko Coordinator, Environmental Leadership Programme for Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks Professor, Yokohama National University Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences

13 Contents 1 Managing Environmental Risks and Promoting Sustainability, Scientific Advancement, and Leadership Development... 1 Masanori Kobayashi, Shinji Yoshiura, Takako Sato, and Nobuhiro Kaneko Part I Sustainable Primary Production for Human Well-Being 2 Biodiversity Agriculture Supports Human Populations Nobuhiro Kaneko 3 Conservation and Sustainable Management of Soil Biodiversity for Agricultural Productivity Peter Wachira, John Kimenju, Sheila Okoth, and Jane Kiarie 4 Conservation Tillage Assessment for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rainfed Agro-Ecosystems Muhajir Utomo 5 Improving Biodiversity in Rice Paddy Fields to Promote Land Sustainability Dermiyati and Ainin Niswati 6 Agroforestry Models for Promoting Effective Risk Management and Building Sustainable Communities Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog 7 Managing Environmental Risks and Promoting Sustainability: Conservation of Forest Resources in Madagascar Bruno Ramamonjisoa 8 Community-Based Mangrove Forest Management in Thailand: Key Lesson Learned for Environmental Risk Management Surin On-prom xiii

14 xiv Contents Part II Ecosystems, Food Security, and Disaster 9 Necessity of Adaptive Risk Management for Fisheries and Wildlife Hiroyuki Matsuda 10 Valuation of Non-Marketed Agricultural Ecosystem Services, and Food Security in Southeast Asia Ryohei Kada 11 Emerging Socio-Economic and Environmental Issues Affecting Food Security: A Case Study of Silang-Santa Rosa Subwatershed Roberto F. Rañola Jr., Fe M. Rañola, Maria Francesca O. Tan, and Ma. Cynthia S. Casin 12 Strengthening the Capacity of Flood-Affected Rural Communities in Padang Terap, State of Kedah, Malaysia Fera Fizani Ahmad Fizri, Asyirah Abdul Rahim, Suzyrman Sibly, Kanayathu C. Koshy, and Norizan Md Nor 13 Mitigating Coastal Erosion in Fort Dauphin, Madagascar Jean-Jacques Rahobisoa, Voahangy Rambolamanana Ratrimo, and Alfred Ranaivoarisoa Part III Degradation of Environment and Mitigation 14 Risk Management of Chemical Pollution: Principles from the Japanese Experience Shigeki Masunaga 15 Research on the Correlation Between Chlorophyll-a and Organic Matter BOD, COD, Phosphorus, and Total Nitrogen in Stagnant Lake Basins Song Toan Pham Phu 16 Managing Construction Development Risks to the Environment Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman and Norizan Esa 17 Ecosystem Restoration Using the Near- Natural Method in Shanghai Liang Jun Da and Xue Yan Guo 18 Sustainable Management of Urban Green Environments: Challenges and Opportunities Samuel Kiboi, Kazue Fujiwara, and Patrick Mutiso

15 Contents xv Part IV Policy, Institutuinal and Capacity Development, Education and IME System 19 Participatory Sustainability Research for Risk Management and Leadership Development Masanori Kobayashi 20 Rural Landscape Conservation in Japan: Lessons from the Satoyama Conservation Program in Kanagawa Prefecture Osamu Koike 21 Enhancing Students Ecological Thinking to Improve Understanding of Environmental Risk Norizan Esa, Hashimah Yunus, Nooraida Yakob, Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim, and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad 22 Development of Interactive Multimedia Education System (IMES) as an International Education Platform Hiroshi Arisawa and Takako Sato Index