ASI ORIGINAL REPORT. Prepared for: Golden Arch Tech Investment Corporation 1092 Argyle Drive Oakville, ON L6J 1A7 T

Transcription

1 STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF 2418 KHALSA GATE PART OF LOT 31, CONCESSION 1, SOUTH OF DUNDAS STREET GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF TRAFALGAR, COUNTY OF HALTON NOW IN THE TOWN OF OAKVILLE, REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALTON ORIGINAL REPORT Prepared for: Golden Arch Tech Investment Corporation 1092 Argyle Drive Oakville, ON L6J 1A7 T Archaeological Licence #P049 (Steiss) Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport PIF# P File: 15TS April, 2015 Archaeological & Cultural H e r i t a g e Se r v i c es 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P9 T F heritage.ca

2 STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF 2418 KHALSA GATE PART OF LOT 31, CONCESSION 1, SOUTH OF DUNDAS STREET GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF TRAFALGAR, COUNTY OF HALTON NOW IN THE TOWN OF OAKVILLE, REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALTON EXECUTIVE SUMMARY was retained by Gold Arch Tech Investment Corporation to undertake a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate, part of Lot 31, Concession 1, South of Dundas Street, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, County of Halton, now in the Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton. The subject property encompasses approximately 0.5 hectare. The Stage 1 assessment entailed consideration of the proximity of previously registered archaeological sites, the original environmental setting of the property, and nineteenth and twentieth-century settlement trends. This research has led to the conclusion that there is potential for the presence historical Euro-Canadian archaeological resources given that it is adjacent to the historically important transportation corridor of present-day Khalsa Gate/Old Bronte Road, and in the general proximity of the historic village of Palermo. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment has resulted in the identification of approximately 40% of the subject property having archaeological potential. Therefore, a Stage 2 archaeological assessment is required on all undisturbed lands in accordance with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists.

3 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page ii PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Manager: Project Director: Project Archaeologist: Report Preparation: Beverly Garner, Hons. BA Staff Archaeologist and Manager, Stage 1 and 2 Projects, Planning Division Debbie Steiss, MA (P049) Senior Archaeologist, Partner & General Manager Robb Bhardwaj, MA (R449) Robb Bhardwaj Jennifer Rose, Hons. BA (R376) Staff Archaeologist & Assistant Manager of Stage 1 and 2 Projects, Planning Division Graphics: Report Reviewer: Blake Williams, MLitt (P383) Staff Archaeologist and Geomatics Specialist Beverly Garner

4 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... i PROJECT PERSONNEL... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS... iii 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT Development Context Historical Context Historic Overview Review of Nineteenth Century Historical Mapping Review of Historical Potential Archaeological Context Registered Archaeological Sites Previously Assessed Lands Physiography Review of Pre-contact Archaeological Potential Subject Property Description FIELD METHODS Areas of No Potential Areas of Potential ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WORKS CITED PLATES MAPS List of Tables Table 1: Registered Sites within a 1 km Radius of the Subject Property... 4 Table 2: Outline of Southern Ontario Prehistory... 4 List of Plates Plate 1: View of extant dwelling fronting Khalsa Gate Plate 2: View of gravel parking lot in southern portion of subject property from Khalsa Gate Plate 3: View of southern gravel parking lot from Bronte Road Plate 4: View of southern parking lot from the south Plate 5: View of rear yard of extant dwelling from Bronte Road Plate 6: View of front yard from Khalsa Gate List of Figures Figure 1: Location of the Subject Property Figure 2: Subject Property located on the 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Halton Figure 3: Subject Property located on the 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Halton Figure 4: Subject Property located on the 1919 NTS Hamilton-Burlington Sheet Figure 5: Subject Property located on 2009 and 2014 Google Imagery Figure 6: Results of the Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Figure 7: Existing conditions of the Subject Property

5 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page PROJECT CONTEXT was contracted by Golden Arch Tech Investment Corporation to undertake a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate, part of Lot 31, Concession 1, South of Dundas Street (SDS), GeographicTownship of Trafalgar, County of Halton, now in the Town of Oakville, Regional Municipality of Halton (Figure 1). The subject property encompasses approximately 0.5 hectare. 1.1 Development Context This assessment was conducted under the project management of Ms. Beverly Garner and project direction of Ms. Debbie Steiss (MTCS PIF P ). All activities carried out during this assessment were completed as part of a site plan application for pre-development approval requirements for a proposed condo building with commercial enterprises. All work was completed in accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act and the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. All work carried out for this assessment is also guided by the Master Plan of Archaeological Resources of the Regional Municipality of Halton ( 1998, 2008), which provides further refinement with regards to potential buffers surrounding any noted features or characteristics which affect archaeological potential. Permission to access the subject property and to carry out all activities necessary for the completion of the assessment was granted by the proponent on February 24, Historical Context A Stage 1 archaeological assessment involves research to describe the known and potential archaeological resources within the vicinity of a subject property. The background research for such an assessment incorporates a review of previous archaeological research, physiography, and nineteenth and twentiethcentury development for the subject property. The subject property is located within part of Lot 31, Concession 1, South of Dundas, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, County of Halton, now in the. The property currently consists of an extent residence with associated yards, an asphalt driveway, a shed, and a disturbed field in the southern portion of the subject property Historic Overview Township Survey and Settlement The land within Trafalgar Township was acquired by the British from the Mississaugas in In 1806, Samuel Wilmot surveyed the townships of Nelson, Trafalgar and Toronto from land obtained in this purchase, using Dundas Street (Highway 5) as a baseline from which to survey two concessions north and four concessions south. Dundas Street had been surveyed in 1793 as a military road. Trafalgar Township was first named Grant Township in honour of Alexander Grant, who was the administrator of Upper Canada. In 1806, it was renamed in honour of the victory by Horatio Viscount

6 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page 2 Nelson at Cabo Trafalgar in Spain the previous year. Nelson was initially settled by the children of Loyalists, soldiers who served during the War of 1812, and by immigrants from England, Scotland and Ireland. By the 1840s, the township was noted for its well cultivated farms (Smith 1846:197; Armstrong 1985:148; Rayburn 1997:348). Early settlement was often influenced by the presence of watercourses. The development of the network of concession roads and railroads through the course of the nineteenth century also frequently influenced the positing of farmsteads and early industries. Village of Palermo This post office village was situated on part of Lots 30 and 31 in Concessions 1, North and South of Dundas Street, Trafalgar Township. It was first settled in 1805, by a Loyalist named Lawrence Hagar. The community was therefore first named Hagartown. The post office was opened in 1837, and the present name was suggested by Dr. William Cobban to honour Lord Nelson, Duke of Palermo. The Palermo Agricultural Works were established here by W.A. Lawrence, which contained an iron foundry, blacksmith shop, wood shop and pattern house, and paint shop. The community also contained a hotel and two stores (Crossby 1873:244; Scott 1997:172; Rayburn 1997:262) Review of Nineteenth Century Historical Mapping A review of the 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Halton and the 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Halton was completed in order to determine if these sources depict any nineteenth century Euro-Canadian settlement features that may represent potential historical archaeological sites on the property (Figures 2-3). The 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Halton illustrates the subject property fronting the historically important corridor of present-day Khalsa Gate/Old Bronte Road. The landowner is identified as John H. Smith and no structures are depicted within the subject property. It should be noted that the subject property is in the general proximity of the historically important Palermo Village. The 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas depicts the subject property also fronting the historically important transportation corridors of present-day Khalsa Gate/Old Bronte Road. The landowner is identified as Caleb Smith and no structures are situated within the subject property. Additionally, the subject property is located just outside the schematic limits of Palermo Village. It should be noted that not all features of interest were mapped systematically on the Ontario series of historical maps and atlases, given that they were financed by subscription, and subscribers were given preference with regard to the level of detail provided on the maps. Figure 4 depicts the subject property on the 1919 NTS Hamilton-Burlington Sheet. No structures or features are depicted within the subject property.

7 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page Review of Historical Potential The MTCS s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011:18) stipulates that areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement, including places of early military pioneer settlement (pioneer homesteads, isolated cabins, farmstead complexes), early wharf or dock complexes, pioneer churches and early cemeteries, are considered to have archaeological potential. There may be commemorative markers of their history, such as local, provincial, or federal monuments or heritage parks. Early historical transportation routes (trails, passes, roads, railways, portage routes), properties listed on a municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act or a federal, provincial, or municipal historic landmark or site, and properties that local histories or informants have identified with possible archaeological sites, historical events, activities, or occupations are also considered to have archaeological potential. Given the proximity to the historically important transportation corridor of present-day Khalsa Gate/Old Bronte Road, in addition to the general proximity of Palermo Village, there is the potential of encountering nineteenth-century historical sites within the subject property, depending on the degree of recent land disturbances. 1.3 Archaeological Context Background research was completed to identify any archaeological sites on the subject property and to assess its archaeological potential Registered Archaeological Sites In order that an inventory of archaeological resources could be compiled for the subject property, three sources of information were consulted: the site record forms for registered sites housed at the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, published and unpublished documentary sources, and the files of Archaeological Services Inc. In Ontario, information concerning archaeological sites is stored in the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (OASD) which is maintained by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. This database contains archaeological sites registered within the Borden system. The Borden system was first proposed by Dr. Charles E. Borden and is based on a block of latitude and longitude. Each Borden block measures approximately 13 km east-west by 18.5 km north-south. Each Borden block is referenced by a four-letter designator, and sites within a block are numbered sequentially as they are found. The subject property under review is located within the AiGw Borden block. While no sites have been registered within the subject property limits, six sites have previously been registered within a one km radius. All the sites have been in summarized in Table 1 and Table 2 provides a general outline of Southern Ontario prehistory.

8 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page 4 Table 1: Registered Sites within a 1 km Radius of the Subject Property Borden No. Name Temporal/ Cultural Affiliation Site Type Researcher AiGw-348 AiGw-359 AiGw-379 AiGw-381 AiGw-382 Unnamed Unnamed Richview II Pineberry Pineberry II Euro-Canadian Undetermined Aboriginal Undetermined Aboriginal Undetermined Aboriginal Early Archaic Cabin Findspot Lithic scatter Campsite Lithic scatter C. Theriault 2000 * 2000 R. Sutton 2001 R. Sutton 2002 R. Sutton 2002 AiGw-553 Burnhamthorpe n/a n/a n/a * = Archaeological Services Inc Table 2: Outline of Southern Ontario Prehistory Period Archaeological/ Material Culture Date Range Lifeways/ Attributes PALEO-INDIAN Early Gainey, Barnes, Crowfield BCE Big game hunters Late Holcombe, Hi-Lo, lanceolate BCE Small nomadic groups ARCHAIC Early Nettling, Bifurcate-base BCE Nomadic hunters and gatherers Middle Kirk, Stanly, Brewerton, Laurentian BCE Transition to territorial settlements Late Lamoka, Genesee, Crawford Knoll, Innes BCE Polished/ground stone tools (small stemmed) WOODLAND Early Meadowood BCE Introduction of pottery Middle Point Peninsula, Saugeen 400 BCE-CE 800 Incipient horticulture Late Algonkian, Iroquoian CE Transition to village life and agriculture Algonkian, Iroquoian CE Establishment of large palisaded villages Algonkian, Iroquoian CE Tribal differentiation and warfare HISTORIC Early Huron, Neutral, Petun, Odawa, Ojibwa CE Tribal displacements Late Six Nations Iroquois, Ojibwa CE 's Euro/Canadian CE 1800-present European settlement Previously Assessed Lands The Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of a subdivision located west of the current subject property was completed by Archaeological Assessments Ltd. (AA) in 2001, under MTCS CIF The study area was assessed by means of a pedestrian survey (AA 2001). The field survey resulted in the identification of three indeterminate pre-contact lithic findspots. Findspot # 1 and # 2 consisted of single pieces of shatter from Onondaga Chert. Findspot # 3 was the midsection of a small finished biface manufactured from Onondaga chert. Since no additional artifacts were recovered, no further archaeological assessment was recommended (AA 2001) Physiography According to Chapman and Putnam (1966:287), the subject property is located on the Drumlinized Till Plains of the South Slope physiographic region of southern Ontario. This region is the southern slope of the Oak Ridges Moraine, the height of land dividing the drainages of Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, and the Trent River system. The South Slope region, which stretches from the Niagara Escarpment to the Trent River, begins at the height of the moraine, approximately 25 to 300 metres above sea level, and descends to between 120 and 180 metres above sea level, where it meets the Iroquois Lake Plain.

9 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page Review of Pre-contact Archaeological Potential The MTCS s Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists ( MTC 2011:17) stipulates that primary water sources (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks), secondary water sources (intermittent streams and creeks, springs, marshes, swamps), ancient water sources (glacial lake shorelines indicated by the presence of raised sand or gravel beach ridges, relic river or stream channels indicated by clear dip or swale in the topography, shorelines of drained lakes or marshes, cobble beaches), as well as accessible or inaccessible shorelines (high bluffs, swamp or marsh fields by the edge of a lake, sandbars stretching into marsh) are characteristics that indicate archaeological potential. Potable water is the single most important resource necessary for any extended human occupation or settlement. Since water sources have remained relatively stable in south central Ontario after the Pleistocene era, proximity to water can be regarded as a useful index for the evaluation of archaeological site potential. Indeed, distance from water has been one of the most commonly used variables for predictive modeling of site location. The subject property is located within the Fourteen Mile Creek watershed. A tributary of Fourteen Mile Creek flows approximately 600 metres to the west of the subject property limits. This basic potential model has been further refined as part of the Master Plan of Archaeological Resources of the Regional Municipality of Halton ( 1998, 2008), of which a major component was the development of a predictive model for the distribution of archaeological sites. Predictive modeling involves reconstructing natural and social environments of the past, reconstructing the life ways of various cultural groups that occupied these past environments, then examining relationships between the life ways and the environment in order to predict the locations that may have been the focus of past human activity. By identifying the relationship between known sites and past environments it is possible to select the factors that influenced site selection. The Master Plan research determined that a buffer zone extending 200 metres from any water source constitutes an acceptable characterization of pre-contact archaeological site potential within Halton Region, whether above or below the Escarpment. In order to further assess the archaeological potential and determine the previous land use of the subject property, Google imagery from 2009 and 2014 was reviewed (Figure 5). The only significant land alteration within the subject property during this period appears to be the construction of the gravel parking lot in the southeast corner fronting Khalsa Gate. Further to this, it appears that an outbuilding west of the extant dwelling has been removed. Evident from Figure 1, there are no extant watercourses within the vicinity of the subject property. The 1919 NTS Hamilton-Burlington Sheet illustrates that a tributary of Fourteen Mile Creek is approximately 600 metres west of the subject property (Figure 4). In light of the distance to water being well beyond the 200 metre buffer as defined in the Master Plan of Archaeological Resources of the Regional Municipality of Halton, the likelihood of sites dating to the pre-contact and early contact periods is minimal. Furthermore, those pre-contact sites previously registered within a one km radius of the subject property are all located within 200 metres of a water source.

10 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page Subject Property Description The Stage 1 field review was completed on March 30, 2015 in order to inventory, identify and describe any archaeological resources extant on the subject property prior to development. All field work was conducted under the field direction of Mr. Robb Bhardwaj (R449). The weather conditions were overcast and chilly. Field observations have been compiled on project mapping for the subject property (Figure 6). The subject property is approximately 0.5 hectare in size, and is bounded by Pine Glen Road to the north, Khalsa Gate/Old Bronte Road to the east, Bronte Road/Regional Road 25 to the west, and a fallow field to the south (Figure 7). The subject property consists primarily of an extant dwelling fronting Khalsa Gate surrounded by its associated yards. A gravel parking area is located in the south portion of the subject property also fronting Khalsa Gate. 2.0 FIELD METHODS The Stage 1 property inspection was completed on March 30, 2015 by Mr. Robb Bhardwaj (R449). The assessment was conducted by means of a visual review of the subject property that involved random spotchecking across all accessible portions of the property. This strategy is consistent with Section 1.2 Property Inspection, Standard 1 of the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. 2.1 Areas of No Potential Two areas situated within the subject property have been subject to disturbance. These include the location of the extant dwelling and an extensive gravel parking area (Plates 1-4). According to 2.1 Property Survey, Standard 2b of the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists, these disturbances are considered too deep and extensive to warrant further survey. In total, these disturbances account for approximately 60% of the property. 2.2 Areas of Potential The balance of the subject property consists of the associated yards of the extant dwelling (Plates 5-6). Therefore, the remaining 40% of the subject property is found to contain archaeological potential. As such, a Stage 2 archaeological assessment is required in order to document any potentially intact archaeological resources. 3.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION Golden Arch Tech Investment Corporation to undertake a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate, part of Lot 31, Concession 1, SDS, Geographic Township of Trafalgar, County of Halton, now in the. The subject property encompasses approximately 0.5 hectares. The Stage 1 assessment entailed consideration of the proximity of previously registered archaeological sites, the original environmental setting of the property and nineteenth and twentieth-century settlement trends. This research has led to the conclusion that there is potential for the presence of historical Euro-

11 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page 7 Canadian archaeological resources given the proximity to the historically important transportation corridor of present-day Khalsa Gate/Old Bronte Road Road, and the general proximity of the historic village of Palermo. The Stage 1 archaeological assessment has resulted in the determination that approximately 40% of the subject property is found to contain the potential for encountering archaeological resources. 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS In light of these results, the following recommendations are made: 1. Prior to any land-disturbing activities within the subject property, a Stage 2 archaeological assessment must be conducted in accordance with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. a) The Stage 2 archaeological assessment must be carried out on all undisturbed lands within the subject property by means of a test pit survey. All test pits must be excavated at least five cm into sterile subsoil, with all soils being screened through six mm mesh to facilitate artifact recovery. All test pits must be at least 30 cm in diameter and backfilled upon completion. Test pits must be excavated within one metre of all built structures. Test pits should be excavated at five metre transect intervals as outlined in the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. NOTWITHSTANDING the results and recommendations presented in this study, Archaeological Services Inc. notes that no archaeological assessment, no matter how thorough or carefully completed, can necessarily predict, account for, or identify every form of isolated or deeply buried archaeological deposit. In the event that archaeological remains are found during subsequent construction activities, the consultant archaeologist, approval authority, and the Cultural Programs Unit of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport should be immediately notified. The documentation related to this archaeological assessment will be curated by until such a time that arrangements for their ultimate transfer to Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario, or other public institution, can be made to the satisfaction of the project owner(s), the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, and any other legitimate interest groups. 5.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, RSO 1990, c The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological field work and report recommendations ensure the conservation, preservation and protection of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development.

12 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page 8 It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological field work on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with sec. 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33, requires that any person discovering or having knowledge of a burial site shall immediately notify the police or coroner. It is recommended that the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services is also immediately notified. Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork or protection remain subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts removed from them, except by a person holding an archaeological licence.

13 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WORKS CITED (AA) Archaeological Assessments 2001 The Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Draft Plan 24T-01006/0, Part 1, 20R-10184, Part of 31, Concession 1, S.D.S., Town of Oakville, Halton Region. Armstrong, Frederick H Handbook of Upper Canadian Chronology. Dundurn Press, Toronto. () Archaeological Services Inc The Master Plan of Archaeological Resources for the Regional Municipality of Halton. Report prepared for the Regional Municipality of Halton, and on file at Archaeological Services Inc Master Plan of Archaeological Resources of the Regional Municipality of Halton, 2008 Update. : Toronto. Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putman 1966 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Second Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Crossby, P.A Lovell s Gazetteer of British North America. Montreal: Dundurn Press. Google Earth Khalsa Gate, Oakville, Ontario. Google Earth Accessed March 10 th, (MDM) Ministry of Defence and Militia 1919 NTS Hamilton-Burlington Sheet, Toronto. (MTCS) Ministry of Tourism and Culture, now the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Toronto: Cultural Programs Branch, Archaeology and Planning Unit. Rayburn, Alan 1997 Place Names of Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Scott, David E Ontario Place Names. The Historical, Offbeat or Humours Origins of More Than 1, 000 Communities. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing. Smith, William H Smith s Canadian Gazetteer. H. & W. Rowsell, Toronto.

14 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page 10 Tremaine, George C Tremaine s Map of the County of Halton, Ont. Tremaine Map Establishment. Toronto. Walker and Miles 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Halton, Ont. Toronto. Winearls, Joan 1991 Mapping Upper Canada An Annotated Bibliography of Manuscript and Printed Maps. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

15 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page PLATES Plate 1: View of extant dwelling fronting Khalsa Gate. Plate 2: View of gravel parking lot in southern portion of subject property from Khalsa Gate. Plate 3: View of southern gravel parking lot from Bronte Road. Plate 4: View of southern parking lot from the south. Plate 5: View of rear yard of extant dwelling from Bronte Road. Plate 6: View of front yard from Khalsa Gate.

16 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of 2418 Khalsa Gate Page MAPS See the following pages for detailed assessment maps and figures.

17 Mississauga Milton Oakville Burlington Dundas Subject Property BASE: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA) Kilometres PROJECT NO.: 15TS-017 DATE: 06 Mar 2015 DRAWN BY: BW FILE: 15TS017_Fig1 (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CC-BY-SA) Archaeological & Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P F asiheritage.ca Figure 1: Location of the Subject Property.

18 Figure 2: Subject Property located on the 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Halton. Figure 3: Subject Property located on the 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Halton. Archaeological & Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P F asiheritage.ca Subject Property Base: Nelson and Traf S, 1858, Tremaine PROJECT NO.: 15TS-017 DATE: 10 Mar 2015 Metres DRAWN BY: BW FILE: 15TS017_Fig2_3 Path: X:\2015 Projects\TS\15TS-017KhalsaGateOakville\View\15TS017_hist_workspace.mxd

19 Halton Hills Mississauga Milton Oakville Burlington Dundas Hamilton Stoney Creek Grimsby Subject Property BASE: Burlington Sheet 1919 NTS 0 1,000 Metres PROJECT NO.: 15TS-017 DATE: 10 Mar 2015 DRAWN BY: FILE: 15TS017_Fig4 Figure 4: Subject Property located on the 1919 NTS Sheet Hamilton-Burlington. Archaeological & Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P F asiheritage.ca

20 Archaeological & Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P F asiheritage.ca Subject Property Figure 5: Subject Property located on 2009 and 2014 Google Earth Imagery. Base: Nelson and Traf S, 1858, Tremaine Metres PROJECT NO.: 15TS-017 DATE: 27 Mar 2015 DRAWN BY: BW FILE: 15TS017_FigX Path: X:\2015 Projects\TS\15TS-017KhalsaGateOakville\View\15TS017_hist_workspace.mxd

21 HIGHVALLEY ROAD PINE GLEN ROAD OLD BRONTE ROAD HIGHWAY 407 SUTTON DRIVE BRONTE ROAD DUNDAS STREET WEST 3RD LINE APPLEBY LINE BURLOAK DRIVE 4TH LINE 5 1 Subject Property BRONTE ROAD 6 2 Disturbed; No Potential Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment Required Location and Direction of Photographic Plates 3 KHALSA GATE HIGHBOURNE CRESCENT 4 BASE: "Sketch of Part of Lot 31 Concession 3 South of Dundas Street" Plan No Cunninham McConnell Ltd PROJECT NO.: 15TS-017 DATE: 06 Apr 2015 Metres DRAWN BY: FILE: 15TS017_Fig7 Figure 6: Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Results. Archaeological & Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P F asiheritage.ca

22 OLD BRONTE ROAD HIGHWAY 407 SUTTON DRIVE APPLEBY LINE BRONTE ROAD DUNDAS STREET WEST BURLOAK DRIVE 4TH LINE 3RD LINE HIGHVALLEY ROAD PINE GLEN ROAD Subject Property BRONTE ROAD HIGHBOURNE CRESCENT KHALSA GATE BASE: Ortho Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 0 50 Metres PROJECT NO.: 15TS-017 DATE: 10 Mar 2015 DRAWN BY: FILE: 15TS017_Fig5 Figure 7: Existing conditions of the Subject Property. Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, Earthstar IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Archaeological & Cultural Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P F asiheritage.ca