POLYMERIC FLEXIBLE HOSE & TUBING

Transcription

1 POLYMERIC FLEXIBLE HOSE & TUBING PLS012F May 2013 Charles Forman Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA USA (toll-free within the USA), or (+1) information@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 5 INTENDED READERSHIP 6 SCOPE AND FORMAT 6 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 8 ANALYST CREDENTIALS 8 RELATED BCC REPORTS 9 BCC RESEARCH ONLINE SERVICES 9 DISCLAIMER 9 CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 11 SUMMARY TABLE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH SUMMARY FIGURE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, 2012 AND CHAPTER 3 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 15 SOME HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND PERSPECTIVE 15 THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS (RUBBER COMPOUNDS) 17 Nomenclature/Acronyms 19 THERMOPLASTIC RESINS 20 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 22 IMPORTANCE OF HOSE AND TUBING TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY 23 TABLE 1 ANNUAL SHIPMENTS FOR SELECTED U.S. MANUFACTURING SECTORS, ($ BILLIONS) PRIMARY MARKETS FOR HOSE AND TUBING 26 AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING 27 Air Conditioning (A/C) System Hose 28 Cooling System Hose 28 Fuel System Hose 28 Power Steering System Hose 29 Transmission Oil and Engine Oil Coolant Hose 29 Vacuum Hose 30 Other Automotive System Hose and Tubing 30 HYDRAULIC HOSE AND TUBING 30 INDUSTRIAL HOSE AND TUBING 31 Air Hose/Multipurpose Hose 31 Chemical/Petroleum Process and Transfer Hose 32 Fire Hose 32 Food Handling Hose and Tubing 32 Material Handling Hose 33 Steam Hose/Industrial Cleaning Hose 33 Other Industrial Hose 33 24

3 Industrial Tubing 33 CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE HOSE AND TUBING 34 Garden Hose 34 Medical Tubing 35 Other Consumer Applications 35 CHAPTER 4 MARKETS BY MATERIALS 37 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 37 THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS 38 THERMOPLASTIC RESINS 38 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS (TPES) 38 THERMOPLASTIC VS. THERMOSETTING HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS 39 ELASTOMERIC VS. NON-ELASTOMERIC HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS 39 OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST 40 TABLE 2 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH 2017 THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS 41 EXTENDERS OR DILUENTS 43 FILLERS 43 PROTECTIVE CHEMICALS 43 TABLE 3 INFORMATION PARAMETERS FOR HOSE/TUBING MATERIAL SELECTION 44 NATURAL VS. SYNTHETIC RUBBER 46 Natural Rubber 46 Synthetic Rubber 47 TABLE 4 A COMPARISON OF RUBBER PROPERTIES 49 THERMOSETTING HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS: OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST TABLE 5 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH Acrylate-Based Rubbers (ABR, ACM, EAM) 51 Market Analysis and Estimate 51 TABLE 6 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ACRYLATE-BASED ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Acrylate-Butadiene Rubber Properties 53 TABLE 7 ACRYLATE BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 53 Butyl (Isobutene-Isoprene) Rubber (IIR) 53 Market Analysis and Estimate 54 TABLE 8 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF BUTYL/HALOBUTYL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Butyl Rubber Properties 55 TABLE 9 BUTYL (ISOBUTENE ISOPRENE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 55 Chlorinated Polyethylene Elastomer (CPE or CM) 56 Market Analysis and Estimate 56 TABLE 10 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 CPE Rubber Properties

4 TABLE 11 CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER PROPERTIES 58 Chloroprene Rubber (CR/Neoprene) 58 Market Analysis and Estimate 59 TABLE 12 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROPRENE (NEOPRENE) RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Chloroprene Rubber Properties 60 TABLE 13 CHLOROPRENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 60 Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber (CSM/Hypalon) 61 Market Analysis and Estimate 61 TABLE 14 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) CSM Rubber Properties 62 TABLE 15 CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 62 Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers (EPR/EPM and EPDM) 63 Market Analysis and Estimate 64 TABLE 16 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH EPDM Rubber Properties 65 TABLE 17 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE (EPDM) RUBBER PROPERTIES 65 Fluoroelastomers (CFM, FKM, FFKM) 66 CFM Elastomers 66 FKM Elastomers 66 FFKM Elastomers 67 FXM Elastomers 67 Market Analysis and Estimate 67 TABLE 18 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Fluoroelastomer Properties 69 TABLE 19 FLUOROELASTOMER PROPERTIES 70 Natural Rubber (NR) 71 Market Analysis and Estimate 71 TABLE 20 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NATURAL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Natural Rubber Properties 72 TABLE 21 NATURAL RUBBER PROPERTIES 73 Nitrile (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene) Rubber (NBR) 73 Market Analysis and Estimate 73 TABLE 22 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Nitrile Rubber Properties 75 TABLE 23 ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE (NITRILE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 75 Nitrile/PVC Blends (NBR/PVC) 76 TABLE 24 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE/PVC BLENDS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Polyether Elastomers (CO, ECO, Etc.) 77 Market Analysis and Estimate 78 TABLE 25 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHER ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH

5 Polyether Rubber Properties 79 TABLE 26 POLYETHER RUBBER PROPERTIES 79 Silicone Rubber (Q, MQ, VMQ, Etc.) 80 Market Analysis and Estimate 81 TABLE 27 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF SILICONE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Silicone Rubber Properties 82 TABLE 28 SILICONE RUBBER PROPERTIES 82 Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) 83 Market Analysis and Estimate 83 TABLE 29 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Properties 84 TABLE 30 STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 85 COST/PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 85 TABLE 31 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO-SETTING ELASTOMERS 86 THERMOPLASTIC RESINS (NON-ELASTOMERIC) 86 TABLE 32 THERMOPLASTIC VERSUS THERMOSETTING MATERIALS 87 THERMOPLASTIC RESIN HOSE/TUBING MATERIALS: OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST TABLE 33 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC RESINS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017 Fluoropolymers 88 Market Analysis and Estimate 89 TABLE 34 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROPOLYMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Important Fluoropolymer Hose and Tubing Uses 90 Fluoropolymer Properties 92 Polyamides (Nylons) 93 Market Analysis and Estimate 94 TABLE 35 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Polyamide Properties 95 Polyethylenes and Ethylene Copolymers 95 Market Analysis and Estimate 96 TABLE 36 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHYLENES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Polyethylene Properties 97 TABLE 37 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMMON GRADES OF POLYETHYLENE High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 99 Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 99 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) 100 Cross-linked Polyethylene 100 Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-HDPE or UHMWPE) Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers (EVA) 102 Polypropylene 103

6 Market Analysis and Estimate 103 TABLE 38 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYPROPYLENE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Polypropylene Properties 104 Polyvinyl Chloride 105 Market Analysis and Estimate 105 TABLE 39 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH PVC Properties 107 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS (TPE) 107 OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST 108 TABLE 40 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 109 TABLE 41 PROCESSING STEPS FOR THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS COMPARED TO THERMOSETS TYPES AND GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 111 TABLE 42 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS Copolyester TPEs (COPEs) 112 Market Analysis and Estimate 113 TABLE 43 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF COPOLYESTER (COPE) TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Styrene Block Copolymers (SBS, SEBS, etc.) 114 Market Analysis and Estimate 115 TABLE 44 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE BLOCK COPOLYMER TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Thermoplastic Olefins (TPO) 115 Market Analysis and Estimate 116 TABLE 45 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC OLEFIN TPOS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Thermoplastic Alloys (TPVs and MPRs) 117 Market Analysis and Estimate 117 TABLE 46 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ALLOY TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPUs) 118 Market Analysis and Estimate 118 TABLE 47 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES (TPUS) USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) Thermoplastic Polyamides 120 Market Analysis and Estimate 120 COST/PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 120 TABLE 48 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO- PLASTIC ELASTOMERS CHAPTER 5 MARKETS BY MAJOR APPLICATIONS 123 GENERAL OVERVIEW AND MARKET STRUCTURE 123 OVERALL MARKET ESTIMATE AND FORECAST 123 POLYMERIC MATERIALS MARKET VOLUME ESTIMATES 124

7 TABLE 49 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING, BY MAJOR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) HOSE AND TUBING MARKET VALUES 125 AUTOMOTIVE/AERONAUTIC HOSE AND TUBING 126 MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 127 TABLE 50 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING: AUTOMOTIVE/AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 UNDER-THE-HOOD HOSE AND TUBING 128 Market Analysis and Estimate 128 TABLE 51 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING FOR AUTOMOTIVE UNDER-THE-HOOD APPLICATIONS, THROUGH Air-conditioning System 129 Cooling System 130 Fuel System 131 Power Steering System 133 Transmission Oil and Engine Oil Coolant Hose 133 Vacuum Systems 134 Unclassified/Other Automotive Hose and Tubing 134 AIR BRAKE HOSE 134 AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS 135 HYDRAULIC HOSE 136 MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 138 TABLE 52 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE: HYDRAULIC HOSE THROUGH THERMOPLASTIC HYDRAULIC HOSE 139 THERMOSET HYDRAULIC HOSE 140 INDUSTRIAL HOSE 140 MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 141 TABLE 53 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE FOR INDUSTRIAL HOSE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH AIR AND MULTIPURPOSE HOSE 142 CHEMICAL/PETROLEUM PROCESS AND TRANSFER HOSE 142 Chemical Hose 143 Petroleum Hose 143 Petroleum Transfer Hose 144 Petroleum Dock Hose 145 Offshore Well Product Transfer Hose 145 Petroleum Dispensing Hose 146 FIRE HOSE 146 FOOD HANDLING HOSE 147 MATERIAL HANDLING HOSE 148 STEAM HOSE/EQUIPMENT CLEANING HOSE 148 UNCLASSIFIED/OTHER INDUSTRIAL HOSE 149 INDUSTRIAL TUBING 149 MAJOR MARKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL TUBING 149 MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE

8 TABLE 54 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE TUBING FOR INDUSTRIAL TUBING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) THERMOSETTING ELASTOMER INDUSTRIAL TUBING 152 THERMOPLASTIC RESINS (NON-ELASTOMERIC) INDUSTRIAL TUBING 152 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERIC INDUSTRIAL TUBING 153 CHEMICAL TUBING 154 FOOD AND BEVERAGE TUBING 154 FUEL AND LUBRICANT TUBING 155 HYDRAULIC/PNEUMATIC CONTROL TUBING 156 INSTRUMENTATION TUBING 156 LABORATORY TUBING 157 Commodity Thermoplastic Resins 157 Fluoropolymers 158 Silicone Rubber Tubing 158 Vacuum Tubing 158 NATURAL GAS TUBING 158 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TUBING 158 ULTRAPURE MATERIALS TRANSPORT TUBING 159 WATER TUBING (DRAIN-LINES, SPRAY TUBING, ETC.) 159 UNCLASSIFIED/OTHER INDUSTRIAL TUBING 160 CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE HOSE AND TUBING 160 MARKET ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATE 160 TABLE 55 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING FOR CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH GARDEN HOSE 161 MEDICAL TUBING 162 Thermoplastic Medical Tubing 163 Thermosetting Elastomer Medical Tubing 164 Catheters 164 Drainage, Suction, and Connection Tubing 165 Tubing for Intravenous (IV) Solution Sets 166 Tubing for other Medical Bags and Systems 166 Peristaltic Pump Tubing 166 Ventilation and Oxygen Tubing 167 Other Medical Tubing 167 OTHER CONSUMER APPLICATIONS 168 LPG and Natural Gas Hose 168 Pool and Spa Hose 168 Vacuum Cleaner Hose CHAPTER 6 TECHNOLOGY 170 OVERVIEW TO TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES 170 MANUFACTURE OF HOSE AND TUBING MATERIALS 170 RUBBER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 170 NATURAL RUBBER MANUFACTURE 172 Natural Rubber Structure 173

9 SYNTHETIC RUBBER MANUFACTURE 173 Emulsion Polymerization 173 Mass Polymerization 173 Solution Polymerization 174 ACRYLATE-BASED RUBBERS (ABR, ACM, EAM) 174 BUTYL (ISOBUTENE-ISOPRENE) RUBBER (IIR) 174 Halobutyl Rubber 175 CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER (CPE) 176 CHLOROPRENE RUBBER (CR) 176 CHLOROSULFONYL POLYETHYLENE RUBBER (CSM) 177 ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBERS (EPM/EPR AND EPDM) 178 FLUOROELASTOMERS 178 NITRILE (ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE) RUBBER (NBR) 179 POLYETHER ELASTOMERS (CO AND ECO) 179 SILICONE RUBBER 180 STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR) 180 RUBBER PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE 181 FILLERS AND REINFORCING AGENTS 181 SOFTENERS 182 ACCELERATORS 182 SULFUR 182 SYNTHETIC POLYMER MANUFACTURE 182 FLUOROPOLYMERS 183 TABLE 56 FLUOROPOLYMER NAMES AND ACRONYMS 184 TABLE 57 FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC ROUTES 184 POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) 185 POLYETHYLENES AND ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS 185 Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 186 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 187 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) 187 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) 187 POLYPROPYLENE 188 Atactic PP 188 Isotactic PP 188 Syndiotactic PP 189 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 189 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER (TPE) MANUFACTURE 190 COPOLYESTER TPES (COPE OR ETE) 191 STYRENIC BLOCK COPOLYMER TPES 191 THERMOPLASTIC POLYOLEFIN ELASTOMERS (TPO) 192 THERMOPLASTIC ALLOY ELASTOMERS (TPV AND MPR) 193 Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPV) 194 Single Phase Melt Processable Rubber (MPR) 194 THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS (TPU) 195 HOSE AND TUBING MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES 196 HOSE MANUFACTURE 196 Non-Mandrel Hose 196

10 Rigid Mandrel Hose 197 Flexible Mandrel Hose 197 Wrapped Ply Hose (Machine Built) 197 Wrapped Ply Hose (Hand Built) 198 Circular Woven Hose 198 Spiral Ply Hose 198 TUBING MANUFACTURE 199 TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS 199 AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING 200 HYDRAULIC HOSE AND TUBING 200 INDUSTRIAL HOSE 200 INDUSTRIAL TUBING 201 MEDICAL TUBING 201 APPLICATIONS-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENTS 201 Automotive Hose 201 Hydraulic Hose 204 Industrial Hose 204 HOSE AND TUBING FABRICATION DEVELOPMENTS 204 Automotive Hose and Tubing 205 Hydraulic Hose 206 THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER DEVELOPMENTS 207 Fluoropolymers 207 Polyamides (Nylons) 207 Polyethylenes and Ethylene Copolymers 208 Polypropylene 209 Polyvinyl Chloride and Other Vinyl Resins 209 THERMOSET POLYMER DEVELOPMENTS 210 Chloroprene Rubber (CR) 210 Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber 211 Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber (EPDM) 211 Fluoroelastomers 212 Nitrile Rubber (NBR) 212 Polyether Elastomers (CO and ECO) 213 Silicone Rubber 213 Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) 214 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER DEVELOPMENTS 214 ELASTOMERIC POLYMER BLENDS 214 CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE FACTORS 216 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 216 INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION 217 RECENT MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, AND OTHER CORPORATE CHANGES 218 ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS 219 CUSTOM EXTRUSION 219 DISTRIBUTION 220 INTERMATERIAL COMPETITION 221 SOME INTERNATIONAL ISSUES 221

11 CHAPTER 8 REGULATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PUBLIC FACTORS 224 STANDARDS-WRITING AND REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS 224 AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR 225 TABLE 58 REPRESENTATIVE SAE STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING DRINKING WATER 226 FOOD INDUSTRY 227 REGULATORY ISSUES 228 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 229 HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR VEHICLES AND FACILITIES 229 LEVELS OF EXTRACTABLES 230 CHLORINE AND CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS 231 CARCINOGENS 231 OSHA STANDARDS 232 RECYCLING AND USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS 232 PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS CHAPTER 9 SUPPLIER COMPANY PROFILES 236 INTRODUCTION 236 SUPPLIER COMPANIES 237 ARKEMA, INC. 237 ASHLAND INC./ASHLAND ELASTOMERS 238 AVON AUTOMOTIVE 238 BASF GROUP 239 BASF POLYURETHANES NORTH AMERICA 239 BAYER GROUP 239 BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE INC. 240 CELANESE CORPORATION/TICONA 241 CHEMTURA CORPORATION 242 COOPER-STANDARD AUTOMOTIVE, INC. 243 CRANE RESISTOFLEX 243 DAIKIN INDUSTRIES LTD. DAIKIN AMERICA INC. 244 DEXCO POLYMERS LP 244 THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY 244 DOW CORNING CORPORATION 246 DSM 246 E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY 247 EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY 248 EATON CORPORATION PLC 249 ENTEGRIS, INC. 250 EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION 250 FLEXMASTER U.S.A. INC. - SEE MASTERDUCT HOLDING, INC. 252 FLUORTUBING USA 252 GATES & TOMKINS LTD. 253 THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY 253 HBD INDUSTRIES/HBD THERMOID, INC. 254 HITACHI CABLE, LTD. 254

12 INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS - SEE ASHLAND INC. 255 KANAFLEX CORPORATION 255 KEY FIRE HOSE 255 KRATON PERFORMANCE POLYMERS, INC. 256 KURARAY AMERICA, INC. 256 KURIYAMA OF AMERICA, INC. 257 LANXESS CORPORATION 258 LION COPOLYMER LLC 259 THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION 259 LYONDELLBASELL INDUSTRIES/EQUISTAR CHEMICALS LP 260 MARK IV, LLC 261 MASTERDUCT HOLDING, INC. 261 MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY 262 MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC. 263 MYTEX POLYMERS U.S. CORPORATION 263 NEW AGE INDUSTRIES, INC. 264 THE NOVAFLEX GROUP/FLEXMASTER CANADA - SEE MASTERDUCT HOLDING, INC. OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. 265 PACCAR INC./DYNACRAFT 265 PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION 265 PLASTIFLEX COMPANY INC. 266 POLYONE CORPORATION/ GLS THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 267 SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS CORPORATION 268 SCHULMAN (A.) INC. 269 SNAP-TITE INC. - SEE PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION 269 SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERS USA LLC 269 STYRON LLC 270 TEEL PLASTICS, INC. 270 TEKNI-PLEX INC. 271 TEKNOR APEX COMPANY 272 TI AUTOMOTIVE 273 TITEFLEX CORPORATION 273 TOSOH USA, INC. 274 TOYODA GOSEI CO., LTD 274 ZEON CORPORATION 275 ZEUS, INC CHAPTER 10 APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND SO FORTH 278

13 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH TABLE 1 ANNUAL SHIPMENTS FOR SELECTED U.S. MANUFACTURING SECTORS, ($ BILLIONS) TABLE 2 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, THROUGH 2017 TABLE 3 INFORMATION PARAMETERS FOR HOSE/TUBING MATERIAL SELECTION 44 TABLE 4 A COMPARISON OF RUBBER PROPERTIES 49 TABLE 5 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOSETTING ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017 TABLE 6 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ACRYLATE-BASED ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 7 ACRYLATE BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 53 TABLE 8 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF BUTYL/HALOBUTYL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 9 BUTYL (ISOBUTENE ISOPRENE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 55 TABLE 10 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 TABLE 11 CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE ELASTOMER PROPERTIES 58 TABLE 12 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROPRENE (NEOPRENE) RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 13 CHLOROPRENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 60 TABLE 14 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) TABLE 15 CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 62 TABLE 16 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 17 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE (EPDM) RUBBER PROPERTIES 65 TABLE 18 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 19 FLUOROELASTOMER PROPERTIES 70 TABLE 20 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NATURAL RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 21 NATURAL RUBBER PROPERTIES 73 TABLE 22 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 23 ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE (NITRILE) RUBBER PROPERTIES 75 TABLE 24 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF NITRILE/PVC BLENDS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 25 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHER ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 26 POLYETHER RUBBER PROPERTIES 79 TABLE 27 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF SILICONE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 28 SILICONE RUBBER PROPERTIES

14 TABLE HEADING TABLE 29 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 30 STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER PROPERTIES 85 TABLE 31 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO-SETTING ELASTOMERS 86 TABLE 32 THERMOPLASTIC VERSUS THERMOSETTING MATERIALS 87 TABLE 33 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC RESINS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) TABLE 34 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF FLUOROPOLYMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 35 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYAMIDES (NYLONS) USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 36 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYETHYLENES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 37 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMMON GRADES OF POLYETHYLENE 97 TABLE 38 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYPROPYLENE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 39 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 40 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY TYPES OF MATERIALS, THROUGH 2017 TABLE 41 PROCESSING STEPS FOR THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS COMPARED TO THERMOSETS TABLE 42 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS TABLE 43 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF COPOLYESTER (COPE) TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 44 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF STYRENE BLOCK COPOLYMER TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 45 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC OLEFIN TPOS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 46 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC ALLOY TPES USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 47 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES (TPUS) USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, THROUGH TABLE 48 COST-PERFORMANCE HIERARCHY FOR THERMO- PLASTIC ELASTOMERS 121 TABLE 49 OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING, BY MAJOR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 (MILLION POUNDS) TABLE 50 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING: AUTOMOTIVE/AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2017 TABLE 51 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING FOR AUTOMOTIVE UNDER-THE-HOOD APPLICATIONS, THROUGH TABLE 52 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE: HYDRAULIC HOSE THROUGH TABLE 53 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE FOR INDUSTRIAL HOSE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH TABLE 54 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE TUBING FOR INDUSTRIAL TUBING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH

15 TABLE HEADING TABLE 55 VOLUME ESTIMATE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE HOSE AND TUBING FOR CONSUMER AND HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH TABLE 56 FLUOROPOLYMER NAMES AND ACRONYMS 184 TABLE 57 FLUOROPOLYMER RAW MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC ROUTES 184 TABLE 58 REPRESENTATIVE SAE STANDARDS FOR AUTOMOTIVE HOSE AND TUBING

16 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE OVERALL VOLUME ESTIMATE OF MATERIALS USED IN U.S. FLEXIBLE POLYMERIC HOSE AND TUBING, BY MATERIAL CATEGORIES, 2012 AND 12