BUILDING FIRE STRATEGY

Transcription

1 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) UCL ESTATES Fire Safety UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON BUILDING FIRE STRATEGY Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, BS 9999: 2008 (Annex H) & BS PAS 911 Name & Address of Building: Occupying Department(s) / School(s) / Institute(s): ROCKEFELLER & MEDICAL SCHOOL BUILDINGS University College London 21 University Street, London WC1E 6DE 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU Faculties of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Basement Lower Ground Ground 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor 4th Floor 5th Floor 6th Floor Roof Plant General Building Information: (NB: Height to top floor level & all measurements approx) Building Construction : Evacuation Time: Building Height: Approximate Floor Areas: Class B* 2½ Minutes* <25 m Gross: 10,650 m 2 Lower Floors: 1850 m 2 Upper Floors: 1050 m 2 Fire Brigade Reference Number: 02 / Previous Significant Fire Incidents: Occupants: Purpose Group(s) Guidance: Educational (PG 5) None UCL Staff / Students / Visitors General Building Occupancy Building Ownership: Property Tenants: A UCL Property UCL Departments Sleeping Accommodation: Occupant Numbers: None Approx: 800 Variable depending on Lectures etc BS Risk Profile(s): [Para 6.4] Risk profile Level: A2 BS Management Level: [Para 8.3. (Clause 2-10)] Management Level: 3 Date Last Amended: Aug 11 1 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

2 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) CONTENTS: 1.0. Record of Fire Brigade Equipment & Facilities General Building Information Legislative Requirements Risk Profile Level (BS ) Construction and Compartmentation Means of Escape (MoE) Means of Warning in Case of Fire Means of Securing the Means of Escape Fire Brigade Access and Facilities Disability Provision and Facilities Fire Incidents & Departmental Cooperation on Fire Safety Issues Fire Safety Management Landlord Responsibilities General Statement A1. General Fire Alarm Cause & Effect Arrangements B1. UCL Building Fire Alarm Aide Memoir to the Fire Alarm System C1. UCL Security Staff Aide Memoir to Building FIRE ALARM INFORMATION & DEFINITIONS (To Assist with Annex B) 1. In buildings (other than dwellings) where shouting fire or ringing a manual gong would not be heard by all occupants in the building is required to have fire alarm meeting BS 5839: Part The law requires that there is the following basic provision of fire alarm systems: A means for raising the alarm to give warning to occupants (e.g. Manual Call points) A means of giving warning of fire to all occupants (bells or electronic sounders that can be heard in all parts f the building) 3.. Automatic Fire Detection (smoke detectors etc) are not a legal requirement but help offset certain risk conditions and may provide other protection to valuable or essential property etc (a). (b). (c). (d). (e). (f). (g). (h). (i). MCP - Manual Call Points (break glass units raising the alarm manually instead of raising the alarm automatically though smoke or heat detection. AFD - Automatic Fire Detection or smoke, flame or heat detection FAP - Fire Alarm Panel FADE - Fire Alarm Activated Do not Enter illuminated warning signs located at building internal / external boundaries Category M - manual systems and, therefore, incorporate no automatic fire detectors. Category L1 - systems installed throughout all areas of the building - the objective of a L1 system is to offer the earliest possible warning of fire, so as to achieve the longest available time for escape. Category L2 - systems installed only in defined parts of the building - the objective of a L2 system is identical to that of a L3 system, with the additional objective of affording early warning of fire in specified areas of high fire hazard level and/or high fire risk. Category L3 - systems designed to give a warning of fire at an early enough stage to enable all occupants, other than possibly those in the room of fire origin, to escape safely, before the escape routes are impassable owing to the presence of fire, smoke or toxic gases. To achieve the above objective it will normally be necessary to install detectors in rooms, which open onto an escape. Category L4 - systems installed within those parts of the escape routes comprising circulation areas and circulation spaces, such as corridors and stairways. The objective of a L4 system is to enhance the safety of occupants by providing warning of smoke within escape routes. Date Last Amended: Aug 11 2 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

3 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) 1.0. RECORD OF FIRE BRIGADE EQUIPMENT & FACILITIES: ITEMS FIRE BRIGADE PROVISION IN THIS BUILDING REMARKS INTERNAL FIRE HOSE REELS: None & Not Applicable DRY RISING / DROPPING FIRE FIGHTING MAINS: None & Not Applicable FOAM INLETS: None & Not Applicable FIRE FIGHTING LIFT: None & Not Applicable FIRE FIGHTING STAIRS: None & Not Applicable FIRE SHUTTERS: Internal Dropdown Fire Shutters Provided None & Not Applicable SPRINKLERS: Basement Only Other Areas None & Not Applicable GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS Fixed Gas Fire Suppression System Inergen / Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Room Flood System None & Not Applicable SPECIFIC BASEMENT MECHANICAL SMOKE EXTRACT MEASURES: Natural smoke venting using window and doors only SMOKE CONTROL MEASURES ELSEWHERE: Smoke Control and Venting Equipment FIREMAN S SWITCHES: Fireman s Switches to isolate High Voltage Hazards by the Fire Brigade EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES OR CONDITIONS: Bulk Storage Facility / Other Locations: FIRE ENGINEERING DESIGN & SOLUTIONS PROVIDED: Natural smoke venting using window and doors only None & Not Applicable None & Not Applicable None & Not Applicable Date Last Amended: Aug 11 3 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

4 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) 2.0. GENERAL BUILDING INFORMATION 2.1. General Building Description The Rockefeller and Medical School buildings where formed from University College Hospital Medical School, Matron s House and Nurses Home adjacent to the junction of University and Huntley Street. The premises were built c1907 by the Architect Paul Waterhouse with some late C20 alterations in red brick with stone dressings and banded quoining, with slate roofs and in the Edwardian Baroque style. The Rockefeller & Medical School Buildings forms part of three interconnecting 6-storey buildings that all sit over a substantial Basement (Rockefeller) Boiler House. All three premises have basement; ground, first to sixth/seventh floors with various roof plant facilities, as well as interlinking tunnels to adjoining premises - they are treated as a single premise for fire alarm purposes. The Rockefeller Boiler House is situated below all three buildings and is separate for fire alarm purposes, but with specific arrangements for fire evacuation and warning to the buildings above. The Rockefeller & Medical School Buildings has a complex layout over various levels with numerous internal stairs and convoluted escape routes with access to the adjoining medical school, boiler house and Cruciform & medical sciences buildings (via under road tunnels). The Medical School Building has a simpler layout with access to the adjoining Paul O Gorman and Cruciform Buildings (via under road tunnels) LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS 3.1. Building Regulations - any works undertaken in this building is subject to the statutory requirements of the latest edition of Part B of the Building Regulations Guidance to satisfying these requirements is provided in the Approved Document B (ADB), 2007 Edition Fire Engineering - there are no fire engineering design or strategies current used in these premises Section 20, London Building Act - the premises are of such a size that they have features and design requirements that are not subject to Section 20 of the London Building Acts Heritage Listing and Grading - the premises are listed Grade 2 by English Heritage Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order the premises are subject to the provisions of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and a Fire Risk Assessment regime required under these regulations. A formal RRO Audit is carried out every three years or after any subsequent change Other Statutory Measures - none identified or applicable RISK PROFILE LEVEL (BS ) 4.1. Under BS 9999: Part 6 the following risk profile is given to this building subject to the information available at the time. This profile should always be checked by fire engineers, consultants and architects prior to its use in supporting any building design, resulting in changes to the premises overall fire strategy: Occupancy Characteristics: Level A (Awake and Familiar) Estimated Fire Growth Rate: Level 2 Medium Risk Profile: A2 Minimum Management Level: Level 3 Overall Date Last Amended: Aug 11 4 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

5 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) o Para Planning = Level 3 o Para Resources & Authority = Level 3 o Para Staffing Levels = Level 3 o Para Fire Training = Level 3 o Para Work Control = Level 3 o Para Communications Procedures: = Level 3 o Para Maintenance & Testing = Level 3 o Para Liaison with Fire Brigade = Level 3 o Para Contingency Planning = Level CONSTRUCTION AND COMPARTMENTATION The building is made from traditional materials with red brick with stone dressings on exterior walls and with slate roofs. The room payout is compact and cellular in design with light wells making for an enclosed building as a whole. The fire compartmentation comprises of protection to stair enclosures with a minimum of 30 minutes Fire Resisting Construction (30FR) including a minimum of 30 minute fire doors and self-closing devices (FD30SC). A notional 60 minutes Fire Resisting Construction (60FR) construction is provided to the compartment walls and floors between the basement and ground floor and compartment floors are provided at all levels of the building. There are a significant number of staircases within both premises, with a number floating between floors but not discharging to final exits. Compartment floors are provided at all levels of the building and any risers are fire-separated enclosures of approximately 30FR at each floor level, broadly in line with the Building Regulation requirements MEANS OF ESCAPE (MoE) 6.1. Time of Evacuation - time of evacuation is dependent on the building construction and occupancy. The construction of buildings is divided into three basic types: Class B - traditional construction, i.e. non-combustible walls with combustible floors; 6.2. Based on these classes arbitrary evacuation times were decided upon and the times that are generally accepted as: Class 'B' construction minutes Note: This is not a hard and fast time, and can be extended or reduced according to the particular circumstances The Means of Escape (MoE) strategy for this building is based on simultaneous evacuation of all occupants using all available exits and stair enclosures, and is summarised as follows: Stair A - Rockefeller Main Central Stair Capacity (ADB Building Regulations - Table 7): Width = 1600 mm No of Floors Served = 5 No Persons per floor/per stair = N/A Total Persons Capacity = 580 Date Last Amended: Aug 11 5 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

6 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) Stair B - Rockefeller Secondary Stair Capacity: Width = 1250 mm No of Floors Served = 5 No Persons per floor/per stair = N/A Total Persons Capacity = 420 Stair C - SE External Escape Stair Capacity (950mm 5mm): Width = 950 mm No of Floors Served = 5 No Persons per floor/per stair = N/A Total Persons Capacity = 190 Stair R - Med School Main Stair Capacity: Width = 1100 mm No of Floors Served = 5 No Persons per floor/per stair = N/A Total Persons Capacity = Maximum Upper Floor Capacity - stair capacity above first floor via Stair A, B, C & R = 1570 persons - minus 580 persons due to discounting (unviable for escape due to fire) the largest staircase (Stair A) which leaves the upper floor capacity for both Rockefeller & medical school building at anyone time of 990 persons Rockefeller Building (Bldg: 201) - Roof Area Escape: (a). Sixth floor postgraduate write up areas & roof plant rooms - escape for 6 th floor write up area is via internal stair (Stair D). (b). Alternative escape - via walkway across the roof and access to the top of the main stair (Stair A) is available down metal steps (Stair A1) to 5 th floor Rockefeller Upper (1 st to 5 th Floors) Escape: (a). Upper Floors - each floor has alternative escape via internal & external stair enclosures (Stairs A, B & C), which descend directly to safety at ground level. (b). Internal Stair South (Stair D) - 6 th, 5 th, 4 th, 3 rd & 2 nd floors (South) have alternative exit by using internal south stair (Stair D). The south stair discharges at the second floor onto an external walkway & steps (Stair E1) that crosses a light well to a further external walkway at first floor level on the north side, this walkway leads into the Goods Lift Lobby off the Main Stair (Stair A) - see Para 4. (c). Second Floor old Café Area & First Floor Path Lab off Main Stair (Stair A) - have alternative route via internal stair (southwest Stair E) to external walkway that leads into goods lift lobby off the main stair (Stair A). (d). First Floor Alternative Escape Goods lift Lobby (off Stair A) - if main stair (Stair A) is unavailable for escape due to smoke or fire then escape from the 1 st floor goods lift lobby (for occupants using south & southwest stairs - Stairs D & E/E1) is then via Clinical Skills Area (note: access door releases on fire alarm activation). On entering Clinical Skills corridor, follow signs to fire exit leading on to external stairs (Stair F), Date Last Amended: Aug 11 6 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

7 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) which discharges into the passageway between Rockefeller & Gower Street Residences and follow the route into Chenies Mews Rockefeller Ground Floor Escape: (a). Ground Floor Grant Museum (Thomas Lewis Rm) - has an alternative exits discharging directly onto Gower Street; and, at the base of external southeast stair (Stair C) to the rear passageway from Rockefeller Bldg leading to Chenies Mews. (b). Ground Floor Secondary Stair (Stair B) - has exit on the half landing down leading into the passageway between Rockefeller & Gower Street Residences; follow the route into Chenies Mews. (c). Ground Floor Main Entrance (Stair A) - the exit off the Main Stair leading into rear light well and cycle park is not a designated fire escape although there is access to Chenies Mews. The fire exit is via the Main Entrance discharging onto University Street Rockefeller Basement Escape: Note: With the exception of the tunnel under Gower Street, leading to the Medical Sciences Building there is NO DESIGNATED ESCAPE via internal interlinking tunnels from Rockefeller / med school basement level. (a). (b). (c). (d). Rooms B23, B24, B25, B26, B27 & B28A - short Dead End corridor and the link tunnel between medical school & Rockefeller bldg discharges into the base of the main stair (Stair A) and up to ground floor main entrance. Alternative escape through corridor secondary stair (Stair B) & up to half landing & out to passageway to Chenies Mews. Lab B09 & B10 (Old Squash Courts) - escape from Laboratory (B09) via main entrance into secondary stair (Stair B) and up to a half landing exit to Chenies Mews, alternately east exit discharges into the link tunnel under Gower Street and to Anatomy Bldg. In addition, (i). Lab B10 Area - alternative (limited) escape is available via link corridor through into Stair B which discharges into rear passageway leading to Chenies Mews (ii). Office BM09A - alternative escape is available via Window Escape, which discharges into a lightwell that leads into front Lightwell of Gower Street Residences stairs then take occupants up to Gower Street. Secondary Stair (Stair B) - fire escape from Rockefeller boiler house and a number of other rooms off secondary stair (Stair B) have escape via half landing into passageway leading into Chenies Mews. Anatomy Lab - has separate escape via lower corridor to Stair A or Stair B and a rear fire exit via Stair J to Chenies Mews Medical School (Bldg: 374) - Roof Area: (a). Seventh Floor Roof Plant Room - single escape condition from 7 th floor roof area via protected internal stair (Stair Q). (b). Internal Stair (Stair Q) - provides access/egress between 5 th, 6 th and roof access, at the 5 th floor there is a choice routes available between medical school main stair (Stair R) or along corridor to Rockefeller main stair (Stair A), both stairs discharge at ground floor level main entrances. Date Last Amended: Aug 11 7 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

8 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) Med School Sixth Floors - Escape Routes: Note: 6 th Floor is the ONLY floor in the Medical School Bldg that is provided with alternative escape route into the Paul O Gorman (POG) Building due to the top of the main stair lift shaft discharging into 6 th floor corridor. Therefore, all rooms have an alternative escape route via Internal Stair (Stair Q) or POG main stair (Stair S). (a). (b). Sixth Floor (Room 633) - escape is via internal stair (Stair Q) down to 5 th floor where there is a choice of routes available between medical school main stair (Stair R) or along corridor to Rockefeller main stair (Stair A), both stairs discharge at ground floor level main entrances. Sixth Floor (Rooms ) - access & egress is via internal stair (Stair Q) down to 5 th floor where there is a choice routes available between medical school main stair (Stair R) or along corridor to Rockefeller main stair (Stair A), both stairs discharge at ground floor level main entrances. An alternative fire escape route is available via corridor to Paul O Gorman main stair (Stair S) that discharges at ground floor level main entrance Med School Upper (1 st to 5 th ) Floors Escape Routes: Note: the Medical School Bldg fire strategy DOES NOT (except for the 6 th Floor) provide for an alternative escape route through into the Paul O Gorman (POG) Building. (a). First to Fifth Floors South Corridor Off Medical School Main Stair (Stair R) - single escape condition from all floors via protected main stair (Stair R), which discharges at ground floor level med school main entrance. (b). (c). (d). 3 rd to 5 th Floors (Main) - access & egress is via med school main stair (Stair R). Alternative escape routes available between main stair (Stair R) or along corridor to Rockefeller main stair (Stair A), both stairs discharge at ground floor level main entrances. 3 rd Floor (Main) - access & egress is via Rockefeller main stair (Stair A) with an alternative escape route available via med school main stair (Stair R), both stairs discharge at ground floor level main entrances. 3 rd & 4 th Floor (Main) - stub corridor (off main corridors) which is served by internal accommodation stair (Stair N), has alternative escape routes from stub corridors via Rockefeller main stair (Stair A) or med school main stair (Stair R), both stairs discharge at ground floor level main entrances. (e). 1 st to 2 nd Floors (Main) - Access & Egress is via Med School Main Stair (Stair R). Alternative escape route is via internal stair (Stair P) that descends to the ground floor level, either via medical school main entrance or along corridor to Rockefeller main entrance. General (Main Stair Enclosures) - escape from all upper floors is via stair enclosures at each end of the building that discharge to final exits to street level, General - numbers, location and distribution of final exits on the ground and lower ground floor/basement, provides adequate escape for the numbers and distribution of occupants, General - travel to a place of safety from final exits is adequate, discharging onto University & Huntley Street and Chenies Mews and away from the building hazards etc The stairs and floor exits provided for occupants from the West Wing are unlikely to exceed the capacity of these stairs. Date Last Amended: Aug 11 8 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

9 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) 7.0. MEANS OF WARNING IN CASE OF FIRE This building is equipped with a single stage addressable fire alarm system which when activated, emits a continuous alarm throughout the building, The Rockefeller fire alarm panel is networked with both Medical School and Paul O Gorman buildings, The Rockefeller Boiler House (Bldg: 375) is situated above all three buildings and is separate for fire alarm purposes, but with specific arrangements for fire evacuation and warning to the buildings above and has a separate fire alarm system to both Rockefeller & Paul O Gorman Buildings. Manual Call Points are provided from the Rockefeller & Paul O Gorman Buildings fire alarm systems and located by the boiler house fire alarm panels. These independent manual call points can be operated by Fire Brigade if evacuation of either the Rockefeller & Paul O Gorman Buildings due to an incident in the Boiler House, is required! Automatic Fire Detection (AFD) - heat & smoke detecting devices are provided to Life Risk 2 (L2) Standard, Fire alarm manual call points are found in routes leading from the building (including corridors, landings, staircases & final exits), The fire alarm system is monitored on 24-hour basis by UCL Security Control Room, The fire alarm system is being maintained and tested in accordance with: BS 5839: Part 1 through the UCL Director of Estates and the Head of Engineering & Maintenance, 8.0. MEANS OF SECURING THE MEANS OF ESCAPE: Emergency lighting is provided in accordance with current standards and conventions and is in working condition, An addressable emergency lighting system is provided in accordance with current standards and conventions and is in working condition, The emergency lighting is being maintained in accordance with BS 5266: Part 1, through the UCL Director of Estates and the Head of Engineering & Maintenance, 9.0. FIRE BRIGADE ACCESS AND FACILITIES 9.1. The Fire Brigade have vehicular / other access to Rockefeller & Medical School via the following: Main Entrances on University & Huntley, Secondary access via Gower Street (Grant Museum exit) & Chenies Mews, 9.2. Dry Riser - dry rising valves are not provided in the premises Smoke Ventilation Provision - is not provided no mechanically vented or Automatic Opening Vents (AOV) provided on stairs or basement. However, natural smoke ventilation procedures can be applied to most areas including stairs and lift landings Fire Hose Reels - fire hose reels are not provided in the premises Sprinklers - sprinklers are not provided in the premises Gas Fire Suppression Systems - a gas system is not provided in the premises. Date Last Amended: Aug 11 9 of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

10 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) 9.7 Fire Extinguishers - fire-extinguishing equipment is provided and maintained in accordance with BS 5306: Parts 3 and 8, throughout the building for the use of the staff and fire brigade Fire fighters' Switches for Luminous Tube Signs etc - none provided on the premises Fire Brigade Contingency Plans - the fire brigade contingency plans are provided for this building in information boxes adjacent to the master fire alarm panel, in accordance with BS 9999: 2008: Annex M Maintenance - maintenance of fire brigade equipment and facilities is the responsibility of the UCL Director of Estates and the Head of Engineering & Maintenance DISABILITY PROVISION AND FACILITIES Disabled Refuges - Disabled Refuges provided in Rockefeller Main Stair (Stair A) and in the Paul O Gorman building but generally Horizontal Evacuation is provided on 1 st to 5 th Floors between Rockefeller / Medical School / Paul O Gorman Buildings - move away from fire or hazard placing fire doors between fire and yourself Some suitable disabled refuge areas are not currently provided with equipment to communicate Refuge and other provisions will be made when a need arises and student / staff PEEP requires changes to be made FIRE INCIDENTS & DEPARTMENTAL COOPERATION ON FIRE SAFETY ISSUES General - Heads of Departments occupying the premises are required to liaise and cooperate when dealing with a fire incident with all other Departments, the Landlord if different to UCL Estates and should have suitable arrangements in place as set out in the UCL fire safety standards at Fire Alarm Activation - on activation of the fire alarm system, (either manually or by automatic fire detection) the following arrangements are in place: The fire alarm system automatically sends a fire signal to the UCL Security Control Room who then dial 999 and call the fire brigade, directing them to the most appropriate building entrance depending on the location of the system (24/7 coverage), Additionally, an emergency phone call be made on an internal Ext: 222 (or a 999 call on an internal phone extension) which is monitored by the UCL Security Control Room who dial then 999 and call the emergency services as appropriate (24/7 coverage), The UCL Security Control Room will contact the UCL Security to attend with appropriate master keys (24/7 coverage), The UCL Security Control Room will contact the UCL Estates Electrical Staff during normal working hours; and the on call Duty Maintenance staff of out of hours activation to request they attend to reset systems, call out specialist contractors or provided assistance to the Fire Brigade, Security or Departmental Staff as appropriate (24/7 coverage), Departmental Senior Fire Evacuation Marshals (SFEM) should liaise with each other and provided any assistance necessary to the Fire Brigade, Security and Duty Maintenance Staff etc on their arrival. In addition, they should provide specialist information to the fire brigade and the Local Authorities on the specific hazards related to the premises, laboratories and processes, Date Last Amended: Aug of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

11 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) Note: Departmental staff will need to be self-reliant when dealing with a fire incident at the premises and will need to deal with the fire brigade until the incident is terminated, FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT Fire Safety Management Policy: Statement of Fire Safety Management Policy, which reflects the importance University College London attaches to fire safety and is authorised by the Provost & President in his capacity as the Responsible Person, under the Fire Safety Order 2005 is provided. The statement and specific details for training provision can be viewed at the UCL Fire Safety Web Site: Fire Evacuation Marshals (FEMs) and Staff Training: Fire Evacuation Marshals - Heads of Departments shall designate sufficient staff to act as Fire Evacuation Marshals (FEMs), who are to be provided on a ratio of approximately three FEMs per floor or area occupied, during the Departments published opening or normal working hours. FEMs are necessary, as it is not practical to have a meaningful register of occupants. Formal Induction Safety Training (Staff and Postgraduate Research Students) - Heads of Departments shall ensure that all new members of staff and full-time postgraduate research students must attend the Health and Safety Induction Course run by UCL Safety Services, which includes an element of fire safety training and information. Local Fire Induction Familiarisation (Staff and Contractors Employed by the Department) - Heads of Departments shall provide Local Fire Safety Induction familiarisation as part of their local safety arrangements for permanent new and temporary staff. Whether or not directly employed by UCL, but working in their department, to comply with the Fire Safety Order 2005 and Health & Safety requirements. Local Fire Annual Familiarisation (Staff and Contractors Employed by the Department) - Heads of Departments shall provide Local Annual Fire Safety Familiarisation as part of their local safety arrangements for permanent and temporary staff. Whether or not directly employed by UCL, but working in their department, to comply with the Fire Safety Order 2005 and Health & Safety requirements. Fire Evacuation Drills - a formal Annual Fire Evacuation Drill is carried out at the start of the Autumn Term (October) of each year by the UCL Fire Officer. Any unwanted alarm activations throughout the year should only be treated as supplementary evacuation drills to the annual supervised fire exercise. Heads of Departments, whose premises are not part of the fire drill schedule undertaken by the UCL Fire Officer, must carry out and record at least one annual fire drill. The route for making reasonable adjustment and formulating an Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) is a form called 'Assessment for Emergency Evacuation Planning of People with Restricted Mobility or Sensory Disabilities from UCL Premises' and is available from the fire safety web site ( under Disabilities LANDLORD RESPONSIBILITIES UCL is the freeholder and the UCL Director of Estates acts as the Landlord s representative. Date Last Amended: Aug of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

12 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) GENERAL STATEMENT The Fire Risk Assessment and Audit is to provide an assessment of the risk to life from fire in building, and, where appropriate, to make recommendations to ensure compliance with fire safety legislation. It focuses primarily on the building structural condition and the physical adequacy of the building s fire safety and fire brigade provision and responsibility for the maintenance of fire equipment and will generally be undertaken approximately every 3 years. This audit will look at general departmental fire safety management and training requirements, but may not be departmental specific or in sufficient depth for occupying Departments within buildings to satisfy the Enforcing Authority. Therefore, it will be necessary for additional simple local Fire Risk Assessments to be undertaken by the Head of Department for their areas of responsibility. See Technical Note TN077 at A generic Emergency Evacuation Plan for the premises is also provided as part of the Fire Risk Assessment with a general statement on the current disability egress provision. Date Last Amended: Aug of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

13 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) Annex A A1. GENERAL FIRE ALARM CAUSE & EFFECT ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PREMISES WITHOUT MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL INTERFACE: FIRE DETECTED Fire Alarm Raise Fire Alarm Sounds Throughout Building Signal to UCL Security Control Room Occupants Alerted & Evacuation Initiated 999 Call To Fire Brigade Use of Fire Extinguishers FEMs Assist Evacuation Fire Brigade Met at Bldg Escape Routes Clear of smoke or Fire Disable Occupants Assisted from Premises or into Disabled Refuges FB FB FIRE OUT! Professional Fire Fighting Intervention Professional Fire Fighters Aid Rescue PEOPLE OUT! Date Last Amended: Aug of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

14 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) Annex B B1. UCL BUILDING FIRE ALARM AIDE MEMOIR TO THE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM: Bldg No: 201 Rockefeller & Medical School, WC1E Manual Call Points (MCP) with Automatic Fire Detection to Life 2 (L2) Fire Alarm Design Fire Panel Locations Master Fire Alarm Panel: Panel Access Enable: Secondary Panels: Rockefeller Main Entrance within Reception 4 Digit Code Medical School Entrance & Paul O Gorman Building Interconnected to Other Buildings Is the system interfaced with any other fire alarm panels? Yes / No Bldg Name: Rockefeller & Medical School Paul O Gorman Building Fire alarm systems networked together Do Not Enter Signs Inergen Gas System Deaf Pager Are FADE signs provided? Yes / No Is there a gas suppression system connected? Yes / No Is there an Impaired Hearing Pager transmitter connected? Yes / No Fire Alarm Activated - Do Not Enter Signs (FADE) None Location: None Impaired Hearing Pager System: Pager unit is interfaced with fire alarm system and should be tested weekly using a pager provided to maintenance staff Fire Signal Monitored Other Information: Is the fire signal monitored? Yes / No Fire signal monitored by the UCL Security Control Room 24/7 The Rockefeller Boiler House (Bldg: 375) is situated above all three buildings and is separate for fire alarm purposes, but with specific arrangements for fire evacuation and warning to the buildings above and has a separate fire alarm system to both Rockefeller & Paul O Gorman Buildings. Manual Call Points are provided from the Rockefeller & Paul O Gorman Buildings fire alarm systems and located by the boiler house fire alarm panels. These independent manual call points can be operated by Fire Brigade if evacuation of either the Rockefeller & Paul O Gorman Buildings due to an incident in the Boiler House, is required! Date Last Amended: Aug of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

15 Fire Strategy for: Rockefeller & Medical School (201 & 374) C1. UCL SECURITY STAFF AIDE MEMOIR TO BUILDING: Annex C BUILDING DETAILS Bldg Name: Bldg Address: Bldg Information Rockefeller Building 21 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ Bldg No: 201 Rockefeller / Medical School / Paul O Gorman Bldgs - The Rockefeller Building has a complex layout over various levels with numerous internal stairs and convoluted escape routes with access to the adjoining Medical School, Rockefeller Boiler House and Cruciform & Anatomy Buildings (via under road tunnels). The Rockefeller Building forms part of 3 x interconnecting 6-storey buildings that all sit over the Rockefeller Boiler House. All three premises have Basement; Ground, First to Sixth floors with various roof plant facilities, as well as interlinking tunnels to adjoining premises. They are treated as a single premise for fire alarm purposes. The Rockefeller Boiler House is situated below all three buildings and is separate for fire alarm purposes, but with specific arrangements for fire evacuation and warning to the buildings above. FIRE ALARM (FA) INFORMATION: Master Fire Alarm Panel (FAP) Location: Reception & Post Room off entrance lobby Secondary FAP Location: (1). Medical School Bldg entrance (2). Paul O Gorman Bldg Interconnected Fire Alarm System: EMERGENCY ARRANGEMENTS: On discovery or suspecting a fire: Barriers & Fire Exits: Liaison: (PIB) Premise Information Box: Other Information: Due to the size of the Rockefeller site, the fire alarm systems are networked together so that all systems act as one unit to direct the fire brigade to the closest entrance to the device activation. The boiler house below all three buildings has a separate fire alarm system (1). On activation of fire alarm within the Rockefeller the Fire Brigade are directed to attend University Street, Medial School & Paul O Gorman the Fire Brigade are directed to attend Huntley Street. (2). On activation of fire alarm within the Rockefeller Boiler House the Fire Brigade are directed to attend via Chenies Mews - however, the fire alarm in the boiler house does not set off the fire alarm in the buildings above but can be by activated by the fire brigade if required. Operate the nearest Fire Alarm Break Glass Call Point and Dial Ext 222 on an internal phone giving address or Bldg No (201) as per local Fire Action Notices. Will release o activation of the fire alarm please ensure that they drop out to prevent obstructed. Liaise with the Senior Fire Evacuation Marshal &/or Bldg Fire Evacuation Marshals regarding exits and meeting the fire brigade Fire Brigade Premise Information Box (PIB) - by FAP & contains Red folder with Bldg Plans(A1), Hazard & Other Relevant Info in each Bldg Occupants to take care in respect to the road traffic (University & Huntley Streets) Date Last Amended: Aug of 15. Issued by: Fire Officer, UCL Estates, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT / fire.officer@ucl.ac.uk / Tel:

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18 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Stair A Medical School Room 333 Third Floor Fire Action On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 374 University Street Room 333 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. You are here On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Fire alarm call point Fire extinguisher University Street In front of Rayne Institute Huntley Street Stair R Safe refuge Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

19 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Stair A Medical School Room 335 Third Floor You are here Room 335 Fire Action University Street On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 374 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Fire alarm call point Fire extinguisher University Street In front of Rayne Institute Huntley Street Stair R Safe refuge Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

20 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Stair A Medical School Room 336 Third Floor You are here Fire Action University Street Room 336 On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 374 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Fire alarm call point Fire extinguisher University Street In front of Rayne Institute Huntley Street Stair R Safe refuge Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

21 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Stair A Medical School Room 337 Third Floor Fire Action University Street You are here On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 374 Room 337 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Fire alarm call point Fire extinguisher University Street In front of Rayne Institute Huntley Street Stair R Safe refuge Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

22 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Stair A Medical School Room 338 Third Floor Fire Action University Street On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 374 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. You are here Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. Room 338 On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Fire alarm call point Fire extinguisher University Street In front of Rayne Institute Huntley Street Stair R Safe refuge Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

23 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Stair A Medical School Room 339 Third Floor Fire Action University Street On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 374 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. You are here On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Room 339 Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Fire alarm call point Fire extinguisher University Street In front of Rayne Institute Huntley Street Stair R Safe refuge Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

24 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Rockefeller Building Room G11 Ground Floor Stair B Fire Action On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 201 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Room G11 You are here Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. Stair B Legend When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Corner of University Street and Huntley Street Fire alarm call point Safe refuge Fire extinguisher Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

25 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Rockefeller Building Room B16 Rockefeller Basement Stair A Fire Action You are here Room B16 On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 201 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. Stair B On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Corner of University Street and Huntley Street Legend Fire alarm call point Safe refuge Fire extinguisher Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

26 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Rockefeller Building Room B15 Rockefeller Basement Stair A Fire Action You are here Room B15 On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 201 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. Stair B On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Corner of University Street and Huntley Street Legend Fire alarm call point Safe refuge Fire extinguisher Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

27 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Rockefeller Building Room B14 Rockefeller Basement Stair A Fire Action You are here On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 201 Room B14 Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Stair B Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Corner of University Street and Huntley Street Legend Fire alarm call point Safe refuge Fire extinguisher Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

28 FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Rockefeller Building Room B14A Rockefeller Basement Stair A Fire Action On discovering a fire - operate the nearest fire alarm call point. Dial extension '222' on a UCL internal telephone giving the building name and this FIRE ZONE Number 201 You are here Room B14A Only attempt to fight the fire, if it is safe and practical to do so - using the most appropriate fire extinguisher for the type of fire you intend to tackle. Stair B Do not use WATER on ELECTRICAL or FLAMMABLE LIQUID fires. On hearing the fire alarm - leave the building by the nearest AVAILABLE FIRE EXIT. CLOSE - all doors and windows as you leave. Do NOT - stop to collect belongings. Do NOT - use the lift. Do NOT - re enter the building until instructed to do so by the Senior Fire Officer present. When clear of the building - proceed to your designated FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT at: Corner of University Street and Huntley Street Legend Fire alarm call point Safe refuge Fire extinguisher Emergency exit Plan Ref: /110618

29 Buro Happold F E D R A Information Only Issue Fire Strategy August 2006

30 Revision Description Issued by Date Checked 00 Issued To UCL for Usage EKG 30/08/06 EKG 01 Issued To UCL for Usage with amendment EKG 12/09/06 EKG This report has been prepared for the sole benefit, use and information of University College London for the purposes set out in the report or instructions commissioning it. The liability of Buro Happold Limited in respect of the information contained in the report will not extend to any third party. report collation Previous Report Info date October 2004 approval Eoghan Given signature By date September 2006 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 2 of 56

31 Contents 1 Introduction General Building Description 6 2 Legislative Requirements Fire Safety Engineering Section 20 of the London Building Act 8 3 Construction & Compartmentation Medical School (Bldg 374) Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) Stair 1 Fire Fighting Stair Stair 2 Accommodation Stair 10 4 Means of Escape General Disabled Occupants Evacuation Strategy Medical School (Bldg 374) Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) Occupant Load Number & Width of Escape Routes Travel Distances Medical School (Bldg 374) Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) UCL Rockefeller (Bldg 201) Stair 1 24 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 3 of 56

32 Evacuation Strategy Occupancy Characteristics & Pre- Movement Time Assessment of the Risk of Ignition Means of Escape Provisions Stair Stair 2 Meeting Rooms Detection & Alarm Emergency Lighting & Signage 33 5 Fire Spread Control Wall & Ceiling Linings Concealed Spaces & Fire-stopping Space Separation 34 6 Fire Service Provisions Fire Fighting Shaft 37 7 Lightwell Strategy Implications of Enclosing the Lightwell Fire Engineering Solution for Enclosing the Lightwell Toughened Smoke-sealed Glass Calculations for Temperature Control System Zone Model Results Zone Model Sensitivity Analysis System Effectiveness Conclusion 45 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 4 of 56

33 8 Management Prevention & Control of Fire Control of Evacuation & Fire Safety Planning 46 9 Conclusions Calculations Huntley Street Façade - Side Façade facing Institute of Hepatology - Side Conclusion 55 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 5 of 56

34 1 Introduction 1.1 General This report will, in conjunction with the fire strategy drawings produced by Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners Limited, form the basis of the submission to MLM Building Control for Building Regulations approval. The Institute of Cancer Studies project on Huntley Street will incorporate both the construction of a new building and the refurbishment of an existing building. 1.2 Building Description The Institute of Cancer Studies building on Huntley Street is the proposed new building for UCL. The new building, referred to as the Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), will be constructed adjacent to the existing building, referred to as the Rockefeller (Bldg 201), and both buildings will be linked at a number of floors. Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be a six storey building (including ground floor) plus basement, and will comprise mainly laboratory space with associated write-up/office areas, and some meeting rooms. Medical School (Bldg 374) is a seven storey building (including ground floor) plus basement and will be refurbished to accommodate office and meeting space, a laboratory and a number of small auditoria, for the University. The buildings will be linked on the following floors via a new central accommodation stair: Medical School Basement Ground First Second Paul O Gorman Building Basement Ground First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Third Fourth Fifth Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 6 of 56

35 There is a lightwell located in the centre of the existing Medical School (Bldg 374), enclosed on four sides and open at the top. Following the construction and renovation works, the lightwell will be enclosed on three sides by Medical School (Bldg 374) and on the fourth side by Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). The lightwell will be closed at the top with a roof constructed from a combination of ETFE foil cushions and glass panels. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 7 of 56

36 2 Legislative Requirements The fire strategy has been compiled with the use of The Approved Document B (referred to in this document as ADB) Fire Safety, 2000 Edition, and fire engineering principals where necessary, to demonstrate appropriate levels of safety for the proposed building. This document provides guidance to enable compliance with the statutory requirements of the Building Regulations 2000 in accordance with the drawings produced by Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners Limited. 2.1 Fire Safety Engineering The Building Regulations identify the adoption of a fire safety engineering approach as an adequate method of achieving fire safety in buildings. It is defined by the Building Regulations as follows: A fire safety engineering approach that takes into account the total fire safety package can provide an alternative approach to fire safety. It may be the only viable way to achieve a satisfactory standard of fire safety in some large and complex buildings. This report will outline which aspects of The Institute of Cancer Studies building have been designed using a fire safety engineering approach. 2.2 Section 20 of the London Building Act As the building is to be constructed within London, it will be subject to Section 20 of the London Building Act if the height of the uppermost ceiling exceeds 25m and 930m 2 in area. Medical School (Bldg 374) is not fitted with an automatic sprinkler system and so it is assumed that the building did not fall under the requirements of Section 20 at the time of construction. The height to the upper most occupied floor of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) (fifth floor) is approximately 24m above ground level. However, the Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) plant area at roof level will have a ceiling height in excess of 25m above ground level. This plant area will be less than 930m 2 in area and will be permanently ventilated by natural means. The ventilation to the space will ensure no build up of heat and smoke in the event of a fire. The fire strategy therefore considers that the roof top plant room does not present as great a risk to fire fighting operations, to prevention of rapid fire spread, or to structural stability (which, it is understood, are the principal concerns of Section 20) than if there was an additional floor in it s place. Hence, the additional fire safety measures, as recommended by Section 20, have not been provided for the Huntley Street project, and the building has been designed solely in accordance with the Building Regulations. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 8 of 56

37 3 Construction & Compartmentation 3.1 Medical School (Bldg 374) All elements of structure in Medical School (Bldg 374) will remain as is currently constructed. Any new structural element, replacing existing elements as part of the renovation works, will have a fire resistance rating of 90 minutes. All fire rated construction to existing means of escape stairs in Medical School (Bldg 374) will remain as is currently constructed. Any replacement doors will be 30-minute fire doors with smoke seals. Medical School (Bldg 374) will be separated from Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) by 30 minute fire resisting construction, with 30 minute fire resistant self-closing doors with smoke seals. As Medical School (Bldg 374) is to be evacuated simultaneously with Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) and the two buildings are being considered as one whole compartment, there is no requirement for the buildings to be compartmented from one another. Medical School (Bldg 374) and the adjacent Rockefeller (Bldg 201) will be separated by a minimum of 1-hour fire rated construction, as progressive horizontal evacuation will take place from Medical School (Bldg 374) into the Rockefeller (Bldg 201). 3.2 Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) All structural elements will have a fire resistance rating of 90 minutes. All floors (including the ground floor slab over basement level) will be constructed as compartment floors with a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes. Compartment floors are being provided to assist with the space separation conditions (see Section 5.4 for further detail). All services passing through the floors will be contained within 60-minute fire resistant risers and will be fitted with fusible link dampers at each level. All risk areas, such as storage rooms and kitchens, will be enclosed in 60-minute construction. A chimney stack, serving as environmental ventilation for an existing sub-basement boiler room, will rise vertically adjacent to Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) (in the vicinity of the kitchen and disabled WC). This stack will be separated from Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) by means of 60-minute fire rated construction Stair 1 Fire Fighting Stair The fire fighting stair will be enclosed within two-hour fire rated construction. The doors to the lobby and the stair will provide one-hour fire resistance and be provided with smoke seals. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 9 of 56

38 3.2.2 Stair 2 Accommodation Stair The accommodation stair will be contained within Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) and will serve as a secondary means of escape stair for the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). The stair will also serve Medical School (Bldg 374), primarily as a circulation route, but also as means of escape if and when necessary. It is important to note that Medical School (Bldg 374) will not rely on Stair 2 for means of escape (except at sixth floor level) as adequate existing provisions will remain in place. The separation of the stairway from the main accommodation will be by a minimum of 30-minute fire resistant construction. Please refer to the Fire Strategy Drawings produced by Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners for details of fire resistance ratings of lines of construction and compartmentation throughout Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 10 of 56

39 4 Means of Escape 4.1 General The general philosophy for means of escape is that the occupants of a building should be able to turn their back on a fire and escape via the nearest exit without additional assistance from other occupants or fire fighters. This is achieved by providing alternative escape routes and stairs that, depending upon the use of the building will have specified periods of fire resistance. 4.2 Disabled Occupants Like other occupants of a building, people with disabilities should be able to leave on their own accord. It is a common misconception that they should await the arrival of the Fire Service. Refuges should be provided for disabled occupants in the lobbies of all means of escape stairs, at every level except ground floor level. Each refuge should be provided with a communication point that will allow a disabled occupant to alert the building management of their location within the building. A designated refuge area will be provided in Stair 2 at each floor above ground and at basement level. The fire fighting lift that will be provided in the fire fighting shaft, Stair 1, could also be used for the safe evacuation of disabled occupants. Specific controls, and training, for management control of the lift during evacuation would need to be provided. It is understood that UCL policy on disabled evacuation is being continuously developed. The current method is to use an individual risk assessment, achieving a suitable Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP), for each individual. From this assessment, suitable management at local level can be developed to ensure effective emergency evacuation. Once a disabled occupant has made their way to a refuge, their evacuation should then form part of that department s Fire Evacuation Marshal s role. It is UCL policy that two fire evacuation marshals are provided per floor. Consultation with the UCL Fire Officer will be necessary to ensure that the UCL policy can be adopted for the Institute of Cancer Studies. 4.3 Evacuation Strategy Medical School (Bldg 374), Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), and the adjacent Rockefeller (Bldg 201) will be linked at a number of floors. In the event of a fire alarm, Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will evacuate simultaneously. The means of escape from these areas will be by a combination of vertical evacuation, via stairwells, and/or progressive horizontal evacuation. This will provide the escaping occupants with access to a safe area, either by passing through a compartment wall (in this case, passing into the Rockefeller (Bldg 201)) or into a protected stair. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 11 of 56

40 Figure 1 indicates the location of the stairs that will be used for means of escape. Stairs 1, 2 and 3 will discharge direct to outside. Stair 4 will bring evacuating occupants down to ground floor level of Medical School (Bldg 374), from which point they can continue their evacuation via the main entrance of Medical School (Bldg 374) (an existing mean of escape route) or via the main entrance of the Rockefeller (Bldg 201) (also an existing means of escape route). Stair 5 will bring evacuating occupants from the sixth floor of Medical School (Bldg 374) down to fifth floor level, from which point they can continue their evacuation via Stair 3 or into the Rockefeller (Bldg 201). Link to Medical School (serving ground, Stair 4 (serving basement, ground, first and second Stair 5 (serving sixth floors of Stair 3 Stair 1 (Fire Stair 2 Med. School Paul O Gorman Figure 1 Means of Escape Stairs Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will essentially behave as a single building. However, for operational and security reasons, movement between the two buildings will be restricted by the use of swipe-card access keys. In the event of a fire occurring in either building, the occupants of both buildings will be evacuated simultaneously. The implications of this will include: A single fire alarm system will cover both buildings (if the existing fire alarm system in Medical School (Bldg 374) is to remain, it will be linked to the fire alarm system installed the new building). The system will incorporate a voice alarm system in both buildings (as this is the requirement of the UCL Fire Officer) which will decrease the pre-movement time of evacuating occupants. Deactivation of all automatic locks on doors onto Stair 2 on activation of the fire alarm. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 12 of 56

41 The University will need to ensure that they provide enough Fire Assembly Points to accommodate the occupants once they have evacuated from both buildings Medical School (Bldg 374) Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will evacuate simultaneously. However, the means of escape provisions for the two buildings will primarily act independently. Table 1 illustrates how the occupants of Medical School (Bldg 374) will evacuate in the event of a fire: Floor Basement Ground First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Stair 4 Stair 3 Stair 2 * Rockefeller (Bldg 201) link Occupants Evacuate via/to Direct to outside via main front entrance Direct to outside via Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) main entrance * Stair 4 Stair 3 Stair 2 * Stair 4 Stair 3 Stair 2 * Rockefeller (Bldg 201) link Stair 3 Rockefeller (Bldg 201) link Stair 3 Stair 2 * Rockefeller (Bldg 201) link Stair 3 Stair 2 * Stair 5 (to fifth floor of Medical School (Bldg 374)) Stair 2 ** Table 1 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 13 of 56

42 * Table 1 illustrates that evacuation from Medical School (Bldg 374), via Stair 2 in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), is not essential for the means of escape provisions to comply with Building Regulations guidance, except at sixth floor level where it is required as an alternative direction of escape. Adequate capacity is provided by Stairs 3 and 4, and the links into the Rockefeller (Bldg 201) (each measured as 890mm). Means of escape via Stair 2 is regarded an additional benefit to Medical School (Bldg 374). ** Stair 2 is required for means of escape from the sixth floor of Medical School (Bldg 374) as it provides an alternative route to that via Stair 5. Progressive horizontal evacuation from Medical School (Bldg 374) into the Rockefeller (Bldg 201) exists as part of the evacuation strategy for the current occupants of Medical School (Bldg 374). It should therefore be relatively straightforward for this strategy to be maintained by the building management following completion of the Medical School (Bldg 374) renovation works. Of most importance for the building management is to ensure that the escape routes between the two buildings are kept clear and available for use at all times Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) As referred to in Section 4.2.1, although Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will evacuate simultaneously, the means of escape provisions for the two buildings will primarily act independently. The primary means of escape route for the occupants of the upper floors of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be via Stair 1, which will also serve as a fire fighting shaft. Stair 2, which will serve as the main accommodation stair in the building, will be designed as an alternative escape route for any floor for which access to Stair 1 is blocked by fire. Stair 2 will be enclosed in 30-minute fire rated construction but will not be provided with protected lobbies. Table 2 illustrates how the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will evacuate in the event of a fire: Floor Occupants Evacuate via/to Direct to outside via rear exit Basement Stair 1 Stair 2 Ground Direct to outside via main front entrance Direct to outside via rear exit First Fifth Stair 1 Stair 2 Table 2 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 14 of 56

43 4.4 Occupant Load The Institute of Cancer Studies building will predominately be used for research purposes with space provided for associated office/write-up. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the occupants will be familiar with the building geometry. The occupant numbers for each floor will be based upon the actual numbers that each area will be designed for, based upon the University s requirements. In order to consider an even distribution of lab and office occupants throughout the building, floor space factors have been calculated based upon the floor area provision and the maximum number of occupants. The floor space factor for the lab areas was determined as follows: Total lab space required in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) = 4262m 2 Total number of lab occupants in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) = 416 persons Floor space factor = 4262/416 = 10.3m 2 /person The floor space factor for the office areas was determined as follows: Total office space required in Medical School (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman (Bldg 200) = 1979m 2 Total number of office occupants in Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman (Bldg 200) = 274 persons Floor space factor = 1979/274 = 7.2m 2 /person Table 3 summarises the maximum anticipated number of occupants for these areas. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 15 of 56

44 Building Floor Approximate Useable Area Note 1 (m 2 ) Number of Occupants Total Occupancy Paul Lab 2 /person 46 O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) Basement Office Write-up Note Plant /person n/a n/a 6 52 Lab 2 /person 48 Ground Office 2 /person Write-up 72 n/a Lab 2 /person 64 First Office Write-up /person n/a Meeting 1m 2 /person 23 Lab Second Office Write-up as above Meeting Lab Third Office Write-up as above Meeting Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 16 of 56

45 Lab Fourth Office Write-up as above Meeting Lab Fifth Office Write-up as above Meeting Total = 643 Basement Office Storage /person n/a Ground Office Meeting m 2 /person Medical School (Bldg 374) First Office 2 /person Second Office 2 /person Third Office 2 /person Auditorium n/a no. of seats 221 Fourth Office 2 /person Fifth Office 188 as above Sixth Office 128 as above Total = 504 Table 3 Note 1 This area includes only the spaces that will be generally occupied during the use of the building Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 17 of 56

46 Note 2 The write-up area on each floor will solely be used by the occupants of the laboratories. Therefore these areas are not taken into account when determining the total occupancy of each floor. 4.5 Number & Width of Escape Routes The number and width of escape routes and exits from Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be based on the expected number of occupants, as illustrated in Table 3. The existing escape routes in Medical School (Bldg 374) have also been examined with respect to the expected number of occupants. To accommodate the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), a number of scenarios for fire location have been considered. Refer to Table 4 for a summary. Scenario Fire Location Affect on Evacuation Strategy 1 Fire in Stair 2 (origin in a meeting room) Stair 2 is a 30-minute enclosure. Therefore occupants can safely evacuate via Stair 1. The total evacuation time is not critical for either the fire floor or non-fire floors 2 Fire in a room/area adjacent to Stair 2 (e.g. write-up area) Stair 2 is a 30-minute enclosure but there are no protected lobbies between stair and accommodation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the spread of smoke into Stair 2. The time to evacuate on the non-fire floors is not critical as the building has compartment floors. It is possible that occupants will use Stair 2 to evacuate from floors below the fire floor. 3 Fire in a room located remote from Stairs 1 and 2 (e.g. central location with circulation corridor between room and stairs) Occupants on fire floor will evacuate via Stair 1 or Stair 2, depending on their location on the floor in relation to the fire and their nearest exit. Occupants on non-fire floors evacuate via Stairs 1 and 2. 4 Fire in room adjacent to Stair 1 Stair 1 is a 120-minute enclosure with protected lobbies. Occupants on the fire floor may have to evacuate via Stair 2. Occupants on the non-fire floors evacuate via Stairs 1 and 2. Table 4 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 18 of 56

47 To accommodate all of the above scenarios, Stair 1 should have a minimum width of 1250mm, with each door opening onto the stair 1050mm wide. Refer to Appendix A for stair capacity and width calculations. Each floor will be served by at least two storey exits. Table 5 provides a summary of the minimum exit widths required for the building occupants and the exit widths provided. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 19 of 56

48 Building Floor Maximum Number of Occupants Total Exit Width per Storey See Note 1 Required (mm) Total Exit Width per Storey Provided (mm) Required Minimum Stair Widths (mm) 850 Basement See Note 2 (FF) Stair 1 Stair 2 Ground Paul First (FF) Note 2 O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) Second Third (FF) Note (FF) Note See Note 3 Fourth (FF) Note 2 Fifth (FF) Note 2 Medical Basement (existing) Stair 3 Stair 4 School (Bldg 374) Ground (into Rockefeller (Bldg 201)) 1700 (existing) Existing width 1200 Existing width 1000 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 20 of 56

49 First (existing) Second (existing) Third (into Rockefeller (Bldg 201)) 750 (existing) Fourth (into Rockefeller (Bldg 201)) 750 (existing) Fifth (into Rockefeller (Bldg 201)) 750 (existing) 750 (existing) Sixth (new into Stair 2) Table 5 Note 1 For some floors the minimum exit requirement will be for a single exit. However, travel distance limits may result in the need for an alternative exit. These width requirements also include where a discounted storey exit is required. Note 2 These storey exits (indicated by FF in the table) serve the fire fighting stair, Stair 1. Note 3 In the event of a fire blocking access to Stair 1, the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) evacuating from the non-fire floors will still be able to use the stair as it is lobbied on all floors. Therefore, Stair 2 must accommodate all of the occupants of one floor (taken as the floor with the highest occupancy) and half of the occupants of all other floors. Stair 2 will be 1100mm wide, which will accommodate 380 occupants distributed over five floors. This width will also accommodate any occupants evacuating from Medical School (Bldg 374). Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 21 of 56

50 4.6 Travel Distances In order to ensure the safe escape of the occupants from the buildings, travel distance to an exit, a protected escape route or an adjacent building (where progressive horizontal evacuation is incorporated), will be in compliance with the recommendations of ADB. Where escape is available in one direction only, the travel distance will not exceed 18m (12m in any case where the layout is unknown). Where travel is available in more than one direction (directions of travel to exits are greater than 45 apart), the distance will not exceed 45m (30m where the layout is unknown). Where necessary, cross-corridor doors and associated screens, will be installed in both Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) to separate the storey exits that are connected by the same corridor. These doors will be self-closing FD20S Medical School (Bldg 374) On the third and fourth floors of Medical School (Bldg 374), the single direction of travel is slightly exceeded. Where this occurs, self-closing fire doors (FD20S) with view panels will be installed. These doors will act as smoke-stops to ensure that occupants will not be subjected to untenable condition while travelling towards an exit. Travel distances in the third floor auditorium in Medical School (Bldg 374) will not exceed 15m, for travel in one direction only, and 32m, where travel is available in more than one direction Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) At basement level an extended single direction of travel exists from the switch room (indicated as room B25 on drawings). In order to ensure safe means of escape from this space, the corridor will be constructed as a protected route, with fire doors into every room served by the corridor. A cross corridor will also be provided to ensure the protected route is maintained all the way to the exit direct to outside. Inner-inner room layouts exist in some areas. Where these occur, the inner-most room will serve as functional to the adjacent room, for example a fume cupboard. The inner-inner room will be separated from the adjacent room by means of a glazed partition, which will insure that an occupant of the inner-inner room will have an unobstructed view into the adjacent room. UCL management will have to ensure that blinds are not erected on the glazed partition as this could impede the view out of the inner-inner room. The adjacent room will also be provided with smoke detection to ensure early warning of a fire. Please refer to Fire Strategy Drawings produced by Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners for construction and fire resistance rating details. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 22 of 56

51 4.6.3 UCL Rockefeller (Bldg 201) As part of the construction works for Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) a small area of the UCL Rockefeller (Bldg 201) building will be demolished. As a result of this, an existing means of escape route from an area of the Rockefeller (Bldg 201) at second floor area will be blocked off. A new external escape stair will be provided to serve this area of the Rockefeller (Bldg 201). This external stair will pass through the Rockefeller (Bldg 201) lightwell (a different lightwell to that shared by Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200)), and will feed into an existing means of escape stair in the Rockefeller (Bldg 201). This solution has been approved by the UCL Fire Officer, who will inform the Fire Service of the works under the existing Rockefeller (Bldg 201) Fire Certificate. Fire Engineering Approach for Stairs 1 & 2 The primary means of escape route for the occupants of the upper floors of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be via Stair 1. Stair 2, which serves as the main accommodation stair in the building, will be designed as an alternative escape route for any floor for which access to Stair 1 is blocked by fire. Stair 2 will be separated from the accommodation (except for the meeting rooms, refer to Section 4.6.5) by 30-minute fire rated construction but is not provided with protected lobbies. Prior to discussing the approach to the design of the staircases and the extended flow time required by this design, a base line requirement of ADB must be established against which the additional flow time can be assessed. Flow time is only one component of the process involved in available safe escape time assessment. Four other factors need to be considered. These are detection, alarm, recognition, and response time. If we consider a code complaint two stair building, provided with adequate exit width/stair capacity, lobbies and compliant internal spatial planning, the standard of fire alarm to be provided is manually activated system (i.e. a system without automatic detection devices). This latter point is important as the elapsed time from detection to the start of travel can be very extensive where reliance on alerting the occupants is based on activation of a manual call point by the occupants. PD :20041 (referred to as PD6) provides a comparison of occupant awareness and actions in case of fire where various levels of detection and alarm are provided. (Note: a minimum standard of management and staff awareness is assumed). Section H.1.7 of PD6 explains three types of detection, from extensive automatic detection with voice annunciation to basic standards of warning. In an ADB design the standard of alarm required would be Level 3 of H.1.7 (manual alarm). With such a system the evacuation time (incorporating 1 PD : 2004 The application of fire safety engineering principles to fire safety design of buildings Part 6: Human factors: Life safety strategies Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Subsystem 6) Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 23 of 56

52 recognition, response and travel time) is stated as in excess of 20 minutes. This should be the comparator for any variant design approach which requires the extension of travel or flow time. Where enhanced standards of detection are provided PD6 provides guidance on the reductions of alarm time and pre-movement times. Each of these reductions serves to provide either a greater margin of safety or the ability for an increase in travel time or flow time. Improving from a basic standard of warning to a good standard (specified by PD6) can reduce the evacuation time from in excess of 20 minutes to less than 3 minutes a significant difference which cannot be overlooked when considering an alternative means of escape solution Stair 1 Stair 1 is designed to accommodate all of the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) within a maximum flow time of 3½-minutes. As the stair will be provided with one-hour protected fire fighting lobbies, it is only necessary to discount the stair for means of escape on the fire floor.. Therefore, in the event of a fire preventing access to Stair 1 on the fire floor, the occupants of the fire floor will evacuate via Stair 2, and the occupants of all other floors will evacuate via Stair 1, Stair 2, or exits direct to the outside. It is unlikely that a fire will prevent access to both stairs on the fire floor within the evacuation period as they are at a suitable separation distance from each other. Stair 1 is sized to accommodate the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) for the worst case scenario a fire in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), the location of which results in untenable conditions throughout Stair 2 and all occupants evacuating via Stair 1 (a total of approximately 521 persons). The capacity of Stair 1 has been determined using the method in the Post War Building Studies (PWBS), the basis upon which a large part of modern England and Wales Building Regulations guidance for means of escape is based. (Please refer to Appendix A for Stair 1 capacity and width calculations.) These calculations illustrate that, for a 2½ minute notional flow time, the total capacity of Stair 1 exceeds the maximum number of occupants that the stair can accommodate. There are a number of assumptions inherent within the PWBS method of calculating stair capacity. The applicability of these assumptions to Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) is addressed as follows: Rate of flow through an exit is 40 persons per unit width (525mm) per minute The storey exits to Stair 1 are sized in accordance with the recommendation of ADB, which is based on this standard flow rate Each storey of the building is evacuated into the stair in not more than 2½ minutes This period has been increased to a maximum of 3½ minutes for Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) There are the same number of people on each storey Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 24 of 56

53 The occupancy calculations for Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) have assumed an even distribution of occupants throughout the upper floors Evacuation occurs simultaneously and uniformly from each storey The evacuation strategy is designed around simultaneous evacuation, which will be aided by the detection and alarm provisions In moving at a rate of 40 persons per unit width per minute, a staircase can accommodate one person per unit on alternate stair treads and one person on each 3ft2 of landing space The capacity of Stair 1 has been determined on the basis of one person per step and one person per 3ft2 of landing and lobby space (the fire fighting lobby has been included in the area of protected stair enclosure). This is equivalent to 3 persons/m 2 of plan area. The storey height is 10ft The slab-to-slab height in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) is 4m (approximately ft) The exits from the floors to the stairs are the same width as the stairs The storey exits into Stair 1 have been sized in accordance with the recommendation of ADB People leaving the upper floors are not obstructed at the ground floor exit by persons leaving the ground floor Occupants of the ground floor in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) do not pass through Stair 1 to exit; they pass through the Stair 1 lobby to a separate exit direct to outside Evacuation Strategy The evacuation strategy has been developed with a fire engineering approach to enable simultaneous evacuation of each floor in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) to take place in a maximum flow time of 3½minutes. This increased flow time will enable Stair 1 to have a narrower width than that which would be required by ADB (based upon an evacuation flow time of 2½-minutes). The fire engineering approach takes into account the building occupancy type/classification and develops the evacuation strategy accordingly. Additional measures will be put in place to ensure the safety of occupants, and an assessment of the risk of ignition and fire spread in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) has taken place Occupancy Characteristics & Pre-Movement Time The occupants of the Institute of Cancer Studies are predominantly awake and familiar with their surroundings, the building layout, and the means of escape routes. This occupancy class generally proves less problematic than, for example, the occupants of a public assembly building, as they will undergo regular evacuation Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 25 of 56

54 training and drills, will be aware of the location of exits and escape routes, and will be familiar with emergency procedures, in particular in lab areas. The Building Regulations guidance for design of means of escape is solely based on flow time. In reality, this is not the case as a number of factors can influence the total evacuation time. The total evacuation time can be estimated by the following formula: Total evacuation time = t detection + t alarm + t pre-movement + t travel The time taken before occupants begin to move towards exits (the pre-movement time) can vary widely, and does cause a delay in evacuation, resulting in a total evacuation time in excess of the notional 2½-minute flow time. CIBSE Guide E 2 acknowledges that research indicates pre-movement time can be as important as the time it takes to travel to and through an exit. The pre-movement time is dependant on many factors, including, recognition by occupants of an emergency situation, evacuation training, and management of emergency situations. In a well managed office, the pre-movement time of the first occupants can be as short as 20 seconds2, with the suggested time being in the region of 1 minute2 (suggested pre-movement times for education establishments are generally longer, however the Institute of Cancer Studies is being treated as an office type occupancy for the reasons mentioned above). Measures, such as the incorporation of a voice alarm system and having a well managed building, assist in the reduction of the pre-movement time of the occupants to less than that which could be expected in a public assembly or office building with standard alarm system. The travel time (t travel ) is made up of a combination of stages the time to travel to the exit, the time spent queuing at the exit, and the time to pass through the exit. Therefore, assuming that the time to detection and alarm (t detection + t alarm ) would not change, by reducing the pre-movement time, the increase in travel time should not result in a total evacuation time greater than that which would be expected if Stair 1 was designed in accordance with the recommendations of ADB. In accordance with the recommendations of ADB, a 1250mm wide stair serving five floors can accommodate up to 440 persons in a 2½ minute notional flow time. For the worst case scenario, Stair 1 has to accommodate the 521 occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) an increase of 81 persons on the ADB recommendation. With the assumption that the occupants are evenly distributed throughout the upper floors, the extra occupancy equates to approximately 17 persons per floor at the end of the 2½ minute flow time. 2 CIBSE Guide E, Fire Engineering, 2003 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 26 of 56

55 The margin of safety for the fire engineered solution, to ensure the safety of the remaining 17 persons per floor following 2.5 minutes of flow through the Stair 1 exit, has been incorporated into the beginning of the evacuation strategy. Table 6 and Figure 2 illustrate how this is achieved. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 27 of 56

56 ADB Approach Fire Engineered Solution for UCL Institute of Cancer Studies Detection time Alarm time Manual system PD6 advises that (with a basic standard of warning and fire safety management) the alarm time is indeterminate and can range from a few minutes to hours Depend upon design. Minimum category L2 automatic detection and alarm system provided PD6 advises that (with a good standard of warning and fire safety management), assuming there is no investigation period for security staff, alarm time is 0s Pre-movement time (recognition + response) PD6 advises that (with a basic standard of warning and fire safety management) the pre-movement time of the first few occupants is indeterminate and can range from a few minutes to greater than 30 minutes PD6 advises that (with a good standard of warning and fire safety management) the pre-movement time of first few occupants can be assumed as 60s and premovement of last few occupants can be assumed 3.5 minutes Travel time (travel to + flow through exit) Travel time to exit minutes flow time Travel time to exit + <3.5 minutes (2.5 minutes flow time + flow time of additional 17 persons per floor) Table 6 The diagram below illustrates a comparison between the estimated total evacuation time for a stair sized to accommodate 521 persons in accordance with ABD (time X) and the total evacuation time for Stair 1 (time Y). Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 28 of 56

57 Total Evacuation Time Detection Alarm Recognition Response Travel/Flow + =? td ta =? tp = Travel mins ttravel ADB Approach Total evacuation time = X Detection Alarm Recognition Response Travel/Flow + < ADB td ta < ADB tp = Travel + (>2.5, < 3.5 mins) + margin of safety ttravel Stair 1 Strategy Total evacuation time = Y Figure 2 The reduction in pre-movement time, accredited to the voice alarm system, the good level of management, and occupant familiarity/training, provides a margin of safety that can account for the extra flow time required to evacuate the additional 17 occupant per floor. Total evacuation time Y should therefore be no longer than total evacuation time X, and in fact, as suggested by PD6, the strategy for Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) and Stair 1 could result in a reduction in evacuation time from in excess of 20 minutes. This enables a strategy whereby the time to occupant safety versus the time to occupant risk is no worse than a standard ADB design approach to means of escape Assessment of the Risk of Ignition The labs in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be used for cancer research. Due to the nature of these spaces they will contain fire load and potential ignition sources. However, the fire load in these areas will be controlled by the tight operating and management procedures need to be in place. All hazard materials and chemicals are be stored in fire rated store rooms or cabinets to reduce the risk and all equipment will be maintained in good working order. The use of chemicals in the lab areas increases the risk of fire. Procedural training in the use of chemicals will be part of UCL s management strategy for overall health and safety. A review of other likely ignition sources within Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) is carried out below. Computer or data access will most likely be a requirement within the lab and write-up areas. Research carried out and presented in the Fire Prevention Journal has demonstrated that a workstation will have a slow/medium fire growth rate, and that computers are not the ignition source of fires in offices as they are so difficult to Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 29 of 56

58 ignite, but will contribute to the overall fire size. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Guide 92B lists data on fire growth rates for certain fuel configurations and states that computer workstations are very slow 3. Electrical installations and appliances present a risk of ignition in particular with regard to malfunction or short circuit. The mechanical and electrical installation within the building should be in compliance with all the relevant British Standards reducing the risk of poor quality and out-dated fittings. The risk of ignition for electrical appliances can be considered low in new premises. In addition, all building services equipment should be maintained in accordance with the appropriate regulations as part of the overall management strategy for health and safety. This is addressed in Section 8 of this report. Tea making facilities will be provided in the kitchen areas located on each floor. Each kitchen will be enclosed in 30-minute fire rated construction and all equipment should be maintained in accordance with the management strategy for health and safety. In any premises, smoker s materials present one of the most significant ignition hazards. The Institute of Cancer Studies will be a no smoking building and therefore the risk can be considered negligible. The risk of deliberate ignition poses a fire hazard in all buildings. However, the strict access controls, in particular for the lab areas in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) and the general building security provisions should reduce the risk to a reasonable level. In addition, the nature of the work carried out in Institute of Cancer Studies should not make the building a particularly high target for deliberate fire setting Means of Escape Provisions In order to support the extended notional flow time the following building and fire strategy features have been considered important for their contribution to a higher level of safety for occupants while evacuating. These features are listed as follows: 1. The provision of detection and alarm system to a minimum L2 standard providing a high level of smoke detection throughout the building. 2. The provision of a voice alarm system, which can be highly effective in reducing the pre-movement time of occupants. 3. The primary circulation route on each floor of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) is in the form of a race track corridor which leads directly to the storey exits ensuring that the majority of the building users will be familiar with the exit locations. 4. Compartment floors are provided throughout Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), delaying the spread of fire beyond the fire floor for a period of at least 60 minutes. 5. The labs in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be used for cancer research. The fire load in 3 NFPA 92B Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria and Large Areas, 1995 Edition. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 30 of 56

59 these areas will therefore be controlled by the tight operating and management procedures that will be in place. All hazard materials will be stored in fire rated store rooms or cabinets. All equipment will be maintained in good working order. 6. A high degree of separation of the floors in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) into cellular areas, which will be capable of restricting the movement of smoke and fire during evacuation. 7. The laboratory spaces in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) are designed for a net inward air flow to retain contaminants in the space rather than exiting into the adjacent write-up spaces, or corridor, during normal day-to-day operations. The pressures generated will depend on the leakage of the structure, doors, etc., and whether the doors are open. However, the expected pressures when the doors are closed are as follows: Laboratory: 15Pa Write-up space: +5Pa Corridor: +5Pa With regard to air volumes, for one module bay, the supply volume to the central laboratory is approximately 530 l/s and the extract is approximately 800 l/s. The supply to each write-up space bay is approximately 260 l/s. The laboratory pressurisation plant will not shut down immediately on activation of the fire alarm. An adjustable time delay will be incorporated to allow the users to shut-down their experiments in safety cabinets and fume cupboards safely. This delay will be in the region of 5 minutes. Therefore, in the event of a fire in a laboratory, the pressurisation system will continue to run in the early stages of evacuation and hence will assist in preventing smoke from spreading beyond the laboratory of fire origin. The system will not be designed in accordance with BS5588 Part 4 4 (fans will not be fire rated), but is considered an additional measure in the overall fire strategy solution. As there are compartment floors in the building, the ventilation shafts that serve the laboratories are fire rated and fitted with fusible link fire dampers (operating at 72 C). It would be expected that the dampers would not activate in the initial stages of fire development, enabling smoke to be extracted from the laboratory in the early stages of evacuation Stair 2 Stair 2 will be separated from both Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) by means of 30-mintue fire rated construction and FD30S. The stair will serve all floors, basement through to fifth floor, and will contain a passenger lift. 4 BS5588-4:1998 Fire Precautions in the design, construction and sue of buildings, Part 4: Code of practice for smoke control using pressure differentials Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 31 of 56

60 Stair 2 is not be provided with protected lobbies. Therefore, in the event of a fire blocking access to Stair 2 on the fire floor, the entire stair must be discounted for means of escape, as there is the potential for untenable conditions throughout the full height of the stair. In the event of this scenario, the occupants of Medical School (Bldg 374) will evacuate via the existing means of escape provisions, and the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will evacuate via Stair 1. In the event of a fire blocking access to Stair 1, Stair 2 must accommodate all of the occupants of one floor of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) (taken as the floor with the highest occupancy) and half of the occupants of all other above ground floors (approximately 314 persons in total). Stair 2 will be 1100mm wide, which will accommodate 380 occupants distributed over five floors. This width will also accommodate any occupants that may evacuate from Medical School (Bldg 374) Stair 2 Meeting Rooms A meeting room, approximately 23m 2 in area, will be contained within the lobby of Stair 2 on all the upper floors of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). Each meeting room will be enclosed by toughened glazing and has been assessed a low fire risk area. The fire load in each meeting room will be lower, or comparable, to that of a reception area, which is permitted by ADB at ground floor level of an escape stair (provided that it is not the only stair in the building). In order to ensure that the meeting rooms remain low fire risk areas, strict rules will be put in place and enforced by the building management under the management strategy: The meeting rooms should not be used as office or storage accommodation in the event that the use of the meeting rooms is changed, the fire strategy will have to be revised, the Fire Service notified, and additional fire safety measures put in place Each room can contain a limited amount of low risk furniture table, chairs, wall boards, etc. Each room can contain a vertical display system for holding current journals and periodicals (approximately 20). However, the building management must ensure that all out-dated journals are removed from the meeting rooms and stored elsewhere in the building. No permanent computer facilities or shelving/storage can be provided The building will be provided with an L2 detection and alarm system. Smoke detectors will therefore be provided throughout the height of Stair 2. In the event of a fire in one of the meeting rooms, the building management and occupants will be alerted to the incident if smoke spreads into Stair 2. In addition, as the Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 32 of 56

61 meeting rooms are enclosed in glass, management/occupants could potentially be alerted visually to a fire in a meeting room before the detection system, enabling early warning and possible first aid fire fighting. In the event of smoke spreading into Stair 2 as a result of a fire in a meeting room, Stair 2 will have to be discounted for means of escape. The occupants of Medical School (Bldg 374) will therefore evacuate via the existing means of escape provisions, and the occupants of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will evacuate via Stair Detection & Alarm Detection and alarm systems will be installed in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) in accordance with BS to a minimum of category L2 standard, in addition, all areas considered to contain a significant fire load will be fitted with a smoke detector this is in keeping with the requirements of UCL. The system for Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be incorporated into the existing detection and alarm system in Medical School (Bldg 374). 4.8 Emergency Lighting & Signage Emergency lighting will be provided in and around the building to ensure the occupants can safely escape in the event of a failure of the normal lighting system. The emergency lighting system will be designed in accordance with the recommendations in BS All exits and routes to exits will be clearly marked and readily visible with signs so that the occupants can easily determine their most direct route to a place of safety in the event of an emergency. All exit signs will be in accordance with the Health and Safety (Safety Signals and Signs) Regulations BS 5839 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings 6 BS 5266 : Part 1 : 1988 Code of Practice for the Emergency Lighting of Premises other than Cinemas and certain other Specified Premises used for Entertainment Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 33 of 56

62 5 Fire Spread Control 5.1 Wall & Ceiling Linings In the early stages of a fire in a building, the choice of material for the lining of walls and ceilings can significantly affect the spread of fire and its rate of growth. The fire characteristics of surfaces will meet the requirements of ADB. Surfaces of ceilings and walls in the escape routes and general circulation spaces will meet the requirements of Class 0 surface spread of flame. Surfaces elsewhere, such as within the offices, will meet the requirements of Class 1 rating. Rooms that are less than 30m 2 in area will meet the surface requirements of Class 3 rating. The surface rating will be in accordance with BS 476: Part 7 7 and ADB. 5.2 Concealed Spaces & Fire-stopping Any openings for services breaching compartment walls or floors will require fire dampers (unless protected throughout their entire length with fire resisting material) to prevent the passage of fire and assist in retarding the movement of smoke. Joints between elements of structures that serve as barriers to fire will be firestopped to prevent the passage of fire and smoke. Cavity barriers will be provided in the ceiling void and raised floors (where necessary) to ensure a maximum void dimension, in any direction, of 20m is not exceeded, or 40m where a large undivided space/room exists. The cavity barriers should provide a 30-minute fire rating (i.e. 30 minutes integrity and 15 minutes insulation). Any penetrations through the cavity barriers should be: fitted with a proprietary sealing system, pipes of limited diameters that are sealed with fire-stopping, or sealed with sleeving of non-combustible pipe material. 5.3 Space Separation Adequate space separation is required between buildings and site boundaries to prevent fire spread between buildings on adjacent sites. A nominal distance will generally prevent physical flame spread, however, a greater distance is required to prevent radiation from a building elevation causing possible fire spread to adjoining sites. 7 British Standards Institute. Fire tests on building materials and structures. Part 7 Surface spread of flame test for materials. British Standards BS 476: Part 7. London BSI 1971 Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 34 of 56

63 Guidance on building separation distances is given within the BRE document, BR 187, External Fire Spread: Building Separation and Boundary Distance 8. The analysis of space separation for Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) has been carried out using the enclosing rectangle method and is presented in Appendix B. The analysis considers each of the building elevation façades facing onto Huntley Street and the adjoining buildings. All of the floors in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be compartment floors. Therefore, the space separation calculations need only consider radiation from a fire on one floor of the building. The façade can therefore be divided into sections, according to each floor, and each section can be treated individually. The analysis conducted provides the permitted percentage of unprotected façade for each side of the building. Table 7 summarises the results of the space separation calculations carried out: Ground Floor Permitted % of Unprotected Area Side 1 Side 2 Upper Floors (1-4) Fifth Floor Ground Floor Upper Floors 100% per floor 30% per floor 40% per floor Table 7 The architectural aspiration for Side 2 of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) is to have a fully glazed façade, thereby making it difficult to achieve the required percentages of protected and unprotected area to satisfy the space separation conditions. To avoid the provision of fire rated glazing in the façade, an alternative solution is proposed to prevent fire spread between the neighbouring buildings. On every floor the accommodation is separated from the Side 2 façade by means of a circulation corridor. This corridor can be treated as a relatively sterile place, with low-to-negligible fire load. The main fire load on each floor is contained within the laboratory areas. Therefore, by providing a fire rated barrier between the fire 8 Fire Research Station. External Fire Spread: Building Separation and Boundary Distances. Building Research Establishment. BR Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 35 of 56

64 load and the circulation corridor along Side 2, heat radiation through the Side 2 façade is severely limited for a period of time and thus the space separation conditions are satisfied. The length of corridor wall, therefore, between each end laboratory and the Side 2 glazed façade will be constructed as a one-hour fire rated barrier. Medical School (Bldg 374) has not been considered in this space separation analysis as the existing compartmentation/structure and façades have not been altered. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 36 of 56

65 6 Fire Service Provisions 6.1 Fire Fighting Shaft The height of the uppermost floor of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200), above Fire Service access level, exceeds 18m. Therefore, according to the requirements of ADB, Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be provided with a fire fighting shaft (indicated as Stair 1 in Figure 1). The shaft will contain a fire fighting stair and lobby, dual power supply fire fighting lift and a dry rising main with an outlet in each fire fighting lobby. The location of Stair 1 allows for all points within Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) to be reached within a direct distance of 40m from the dry riser outlet on each floor (this distance can be increased to 60m where the floor layout is known). The dry riser fire main will be designed to BS 5306: Part 1 9. The inlet for the dry riser will be located at ground floor level, in a position that is visible and accessible to the Fire Service. Fire Service vehicle access is provided to within 18m of the dry riser inlet point. The fire fighting shaft will be naturally ventilated. The fire fighting stair will be supplied with a horizontal openable vent, not less than 5% of the horizontal cross sectional area of the stair, at the top of the stair enclosure. The stair forms part of an external wall, therefore, at each storey level above ground level (including the basement level), the fire fighting stair will be fitted with a vertical openable vent to the open air. Each vent will be greater than 15% of the horizontal cross sectional area of the stair enclosure. The fire fighting lobbies, at basement level and all levels above first floor, will not be adjacent to an external wall. In order to maintain natural ventilation of these areas, each lobby will vent into a smoke shaft. The shaft will have a minimum internal area of 25% of the lobby floor area, (or 3m 2, whichever is greater) with a minimum internal dimension of 1m. The shaft will be fully open to the external air at top and bottom. Each fire fighting lobby will be vented to the smoke shafts by an openable vent, with a minimum free area of 25% of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the lobby, sited as near to the ceiling as possible. Fire Service access to Medical School (Bldg 374) will be as already existing. The London Fire Brigade generally request that a plans box is provided to assist the Fire Service upon arrival. For the Institute of Cancer Studies, the plans box should be located in the fire fighting shaft at Fire Service access level. The plans box should contain a full copy of the fire strategy drawings, a copy of the fire strategy report, and any additional information relating to the building fire certificate. It is recommended that UCL management consult with the local Fire Officer as to the exact location and contents of the plans box. 9 BS 5306: Part 1: 1976 Hydrant systems, hose reels and foam inlets Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 37 of 56

66 7 Lightwell Strategy As part of the construction and renovation works, an existing lightwell (which will be enclosed on three sides by Medical School (Bldg 374) and on the fourth side by Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200)) will be closed at the top with a roof constructed from a combination of ETFE foil cushions and glass panels. The lightwell will serve primarily as an extension to the entrance reception at ground floor level of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). The base of the lightwell will be at basement level with a deck at ground floor level, which shall be accessed from both Medical School Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). The proposed contents and furnishings of the lightwell deck (primarily chairs and tables), in conjunction with the expected low risk of ignition sources, demonstrates the low fire hazard that could be associated with this space. The contents at basement level will be enclosed in fire rated construction and hence will not be exposed to the lightwell space. The lightwell will occupy an area of approximately 112m 2. At fourth and fifth floor levels (of Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200)) the cross sectional area increases to approximately 140m 2. The height of the proposed new roof will be approximately 23.5m above ground floor level. The proposed roof will be constructed from a combination of ETFE foil cushions and glass panels. ETFE (Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene) foils are welded into cushions and inflated with low-pressure air to provide insulation and to resist wind loads. ETFE has a melting point of approximately 275 C. However, tests have shown that under fire conditions, any hot gases (above approximately 200 C) impinging on an ETFE cushion will cause the cushion to soften. As the foil is under strain from inflation, the foil will fail and shrink back from the plume. The lightwell will be ventilated for environmental purposes, with extract vents located at the top of the enclosure and inlet vents located in the external wall at the base of Stair 2, at basement level. 7.1 Implications of Enclosing the Lightwell By enclosing the lightwell, it is no longer considered an external space. Hot smoke and gases, spilling out from a room fire via windows in the external façade, will no longer have a route to vent directly to the outside atmosphere. Instead, the smoke and hot gases will become trapped by the lightwell roof, and a layer will begin to build down towards the lightwell deck and base. Given the height of the lightwell roof above ground floor level, there is no assurance that the temperature of the smoke and hot gases at the top of the lightwell could be high enough to cause the ETFE foil cushions to fail. The height of rise for a plume, produced by a fire on one of the lower levels, is enough to entrain a considerable amount of air and subsequently reduce the temperature of the smoke well below that of 200 C. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 38 of 56

67 The trapped layer of smoke and hot gases could subsequently compromise the protected means of escape provided by Stair 2 in Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200). Doors will be provided at ground floor level between the Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) entrance foyer and the lightwell. This could also serve as a means to compromise the protected means of escape from Stair 2. Stair 3 serves as a means of escape for Medical School (Bldg 374). The stair serves all levels from basement to fifth floor (it does not continue up to sixth floor level). At every level, windows from Stair 3 look out into the lightwell. As with the scenario described above for Stair 2, a build-up of smoke and hot gases in the enclosed lightwell could compromise the means of escape from Stair 3 by the probable fracture of the low grade glass within what was originally the external wall of the stair. Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 39 of 56

68 P O G Building 5th floor Lightwell 4th floor Building A Windows from Stair 2 meeting rooms into 3rd floor Stair 2 enclosure, containing meeting rooms (1 st 5 th ) and 2nd floor entrance reception 1st floor Lightwell Deck Ground Lightwell floor Base Basement Figure 3 Cross Section through Lightwell 7.2 Fire Engineering Solution for Enclosing the Lightwell In order to consider the lightwell as an external space it would be necessary to provide openings at the top equalling 50% of the lightwell area. This cannot be achieved with the current design. Therefore, it has been necessary to develop a fire-engineered solution to ensure that a build-up of smoke and hot gases in the lightwell should not result in exposing evacuating occupants to untenable conditions. As both Medical School Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 40 of 56

69 Building (Bldg 374) and Paul O Gorman Building (Bldg 200) will be evacuated simultaneously, Stair 3 should be afforded the same level of protection as Stair 2. A temperature control system utilises natural ventilation to control the temperature, and clear layer height, of a layer of smoke and hot gases contained within an enclosed space. By providing adequate extract and inlet ventilation, and separating the two means of escape stairs from the lightwell with toughened smoke-sealed glass, the temperature of smoke within the space should be maintained below the failure temperature of toughened glass. The inlet vents will be located in the external wall at the base of Stair 2, at basement level. This report assumes that the total area of inlet ventilation is supplied to the base of the lightwell, independent of the potential open area provided by the door at ground floor level. The strategy, therefore, assumes that the ventilation system will succeed with the ground floor door in the fully closed position. Lightwell Toughened smoke-sealed Meeting Room Stair 2 Stair 3 Figure 4 Separation of Lightwell from Means of Escape Stairs Toughened Smoke-sealed Glass In addition to the separation between the lightwell and Stairs 2 and 2, the lift landing deck must also be separated from the lightwell. This should ensure that there is no route for smoke and hot gases to spread from the lightwell into Stair 2, via the lift shaft or circulation corridor, as indicated in Figure 3. Please note that the 30-mintue fire rated separation should still be maintained between Stair 2 and Medical School (Bldg 374). Copyright Buro Happold Limited 2006 Page 41 of 56