Community Recovery Planning New York

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1 Community Recovery Planning New York APA Conference; May 9, 2017 Lawrence Frank Atkins North America Barry Hokanson 22 May

2 What is a disaster? Extraordinary event that disrupts a city or area s equilibrium; caused by different sources Causes damage; people s lives and health at risk Disruption = lost time and lost opportunity Loss of confidence in the city 22 May

3 What is a disaster? So what is a response? Or recovery? Undo the damage? Return to normal? Better than before? What is better? What was lost? What can be gained? Where are the hidden opportunities? How long before success is realized it may not look like much 2 years post but 10 year later it could be a very big success (timeframe) 22 May

4 Silver Lining? - Unique Opportunities Characteristics of disasters that help communities advance forward with resiliency: Accelerate plans to redevelop Need to rebuild damaged structures Availability of federal / state / private resources to rebuild Teachable moment (reverse is disaster amnesia) Chance to retain knowledgeable staff that build on lessons learned and better institutionalize resiliency Likely to produce an unprecedented focus on community, availability of resources and attention paid by residents how to leverage it 22 May

5 Significant Challenges in Recovery Rush to rebuild as was Hardship in terms of safety, time, logistics and cost Huge burden of cleanup (time / energy / funding) Severe disruption of services, infrastructure and displacement of people 22 May

6 Significant Challenges in Recovery Many activities occurring at the same time Lack of information to guide rebuild Fog of War confusion contradictory guidance, rumors, lack of information, etc. 22 May

7 How do we approach it? Hedge against these issues prior planning and coordination (act of planning itself) Balance between rapid recovery and consideration for rebuild o Faster and more efficient recovery o Build back better Find your local champions / advance community s vision What are common characteristics of a successful recovery. 22 May

8 Question How do we determine local and community needs? 22 May

9 Question In a recovery, how do we choose between getting people back into their homes, re-opening closed schools, infrastructure rebuilt or rebuilding a critical economic generator (e.g., a boardwalk in a beach community) if time and resources constrain simultaneous work? 22 May

10 Question Often the news shows the military and emergency managers leading a recovery. What is the planner s role in a recovery? 22 May

11 Unique Planning Opportunity Post-disaster recovery is all about urban planning. This is not an area that we can leave to emergency managers, engineers, architects, the military, insurers, or bankers. Recovery, like planning, is all about creating livable, sustainable place for people to live and work. The fact that it takes places under extreme circumstances, and demands rapid action with severely constrained resources, requires the expertise that planners have to offer. Source: article by Olshansky, 2006 (p.153) 22 May

12 Below the surface factors People issues beyond engineering & intricate plans PSYCHOLOGICAL Visuals - e.g., scrub out or paint over high water marks Ear to the ground - what are your friends and neighbors doing? Don t underestimate how much people identify with their community - plant the flag around important anchors and rally Change is coming embrace it Welcome new faces and new ideas Many meetings, processes and visits by teams will occur BE PATIENT! If the vision is sound, stay with it! Stay the course. Avoid second-guessing. FINANCIAL From company s perspective is this a good place to re-invest? Is your job going to be there? 22 May

13 Key points for consideration in recovery Identify risk and unmet needs decision points Obtain resources Substantial changes / retain institutional knowledge / capacity building (not just a one-off event) Some level of public engagement / continue it Risk reduction/rebuilding and/or co-benefits (economics/environmental) incorporate mitigation into rebuilding Local and regional approach select appropriate economic development approach 22 May

14 Key points for consideration Identify risk and unmet needs decision points (cont.) Use disaster information for higher risk management standards Grey versus green infrastructure / natural resources Restore as was or new vision Pre-planning existent? either a redevelopment plan (not just recovery), master plan, etc. 22 May

15 Key points for consideration in recovery Identify risk and unmet needs decision points (cont.) Identify specific strategies, projects and policies Obtain necessary resources and implement Focus on restoring a few key anchors and critical infrastructure in the community Housing, small businesses Vulnerable populations 22 May

16 Question How can a community at considerable risk to natural hazards, but has not experienced a large disaster in at least 30 years, still do pre-planning to prepare for one? 22 May

17 Use of Technology Technology is an essential tool to help decision-makers chart a course to better understand their risk and assist on all fronts. ARC Population Projection Parcel-scale growth forecasting SFWMD WCS Tracker Tool Real time water budgets over South Florida Climate Science-based approach to forecasting local storm activity Merges general circulation model projections of global climate change with historical rainfall data. BMP Designer Residents design their own stormwater controls around Lake Tahoe 22 May

18 Use of Technology Comprehensive city planning tools that projects city growth and future risk to storms.. 22 May

19 Question In a recovery, do we have time for innovative approaches? 22 May

20 Summary of Recovery Approaches in Different States to Different Hazards FLOOD two towns in Wisconsin TORNADO - Greensburg, KS DROUGHT / WILDFIRE / FLOOD - Colorado Springs HURRICANE / Storm Surge - New York Community Reconstruction Planning HURRICANE / Inland Flooding & Extreme Rainfall - North Carolina Resilient Redevelopment Planning 22 May

21 A tale of two Wisconsin towns Darlington, WI Save the Downtown Downtown business district near river Could not elevate building but did elevate floors within buildings Relocate Industrial Uses Removed an industrial park in the floodplain to a location outside floodplain Gays Mills, WI Relocated the city s commercial district out of the floodplain 22 May 2017 Photo source: Royalbroil 21

22 Greensburg, KC Completely wiped out by a tornado Complete reinvention to a green city Greatest concentration of LEED certified buildings in the country Photo Source: NOAA Photo Library 100 percent of town s energy from solar and wind 22 May

23 Colorado Springs Massive fire in 2012 caused significant damage and then increased flows to several streams intown Made changes to building code for wildfire (roofs to resist ignition from embers) Studied post-fire flows, projects to dissipate flood energy, and advised residents to buy flood insurance (large uptick in policy purchases post-fire) Created a more substantial on-going commitment to addressing hazards 22 May Photo source: City of Colorado Springs

24 New York Community Reconstruction Planning CDBG regulations drove some of it Extensive Public Engagement Resident Committee Approach Development of Projects Co-Benefits Some Cost Effectiveness Widespread Groups Represented Coincides with Long Island Revitalization efforts 22 May

25 New York Community Reconstruction Planning Project Types Multiple lines / layers of defense Coastal/Perimeter Flood Protection Shoreline/Beach/Marsh Restoration Stormwater Drainage Improvements Critical Facility Resiliency Public Health and Safety Revitalization and Development 22 May

26 New York Community Reconstruction Planning 22 May

27 National Disaster Recovery Framework Recovery Support Functions. Infrastructure Natural and Cultural Resources Health and Social Services Community Planning and Capacity Building Economic Housing 22 May

28 North Carolina Resilient Redevelopment Planning Cumberland County and the City of Fayetteville were already addressing resiliency Cumberland County Climate Resiliency Plan Fayetteville Resiliency Element for Comprehensive Plan 22 May

29 Thank you!! Lawrence Frank Barry Hokanson If you d like to find out more visit: Atkins Limited except where stated otherwise. The Atkins logo, Carbon Critical Design and the strapline 22 May 2017 Plan Design Enable are trademarks of Atkins Limited. 29

30 HMDR Hazard Mitigation & Disaster Recovery Planning Division LinkedIn = 570, Dues paying = 262 Other: NHMA Natural Hazard Mitigation Association ASFPM APA American Planning Association (40,000 members) HMDRPLN.com Other Divisions (21) Transportation, Housing & Community Development, Regional and Intergovernmental, Planning & Law, Economic Development, New Urbanism, Environment, Natural Resources & Energy, Sustainable Communities, Urban Design & Preservation, Technology, Sustainable Communities, etc. NHMA.info Flood.org Association of State Floodplain Managers Planning.org APA Staff Hazards Planning Center Recovery News (blog) Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery: Next Generation Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning Policy Guide on Hazard Mitigation. Other Policy Guides 1

31 Pre-Disaster Plan Integration Comprehensive Plan CDBG Action Plan (1 yr) Hazard Mitigation Plan Consolidated Plan (5 yr) Disaster Recovery Plan Capital Improvement Program (10 yr) (REVISE) Post-Disaster Plan Integration

32 PRE-EVENT CONDITIONS Performance of Community Service Systems and Socioeconomic Systems influences Hazard Mitigation Plan Comprehensive Plan Economic Development Strategy Community Development Strategy inform the Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan which sets the stage for that may require the updating of Recovery Policies & Projects influences/ determines Recovery Policies Long Term Recovery Plan (Post-Disaster) Including strategies of reconfiguring and redeveloping areas

33 HMDRPLN.com

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35 Recovery Elements Timeline National Preparedness National Preparedness Goal & PPD-8 National Planning Frameworks (5) National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan Organizational Arrangements Assessments of Community Resilience, Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities, Systems Status of Programs for Infrastructure, Economic Development, Social Services, Community Development and Redevelopment Community Plans Comprehensive Plan Community Development Plan Consolidated Plan Hazard Mitigation Plan Capital Improvements Program Human Services Strategy Economic Development Strategy Area Redevelopment Plans Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan HMGP $, CDBG $, other $ TIME EVENT Emergency Support Functions ESF 1 Transportation ESF 8 Public Health & Medical Services ESF 2 Communications ESF 9 Search and Rescue ESF 3 Public Works & Engineering ESF 10 Oil and Hazardous Materials ESF 4 Firefighting ESF 11 Agriculture & Natural Resources ESF 5 Emergency Management ESF 12 Energy ESF 6 Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, ESF 13 Public Safety and Security Housing & Human Services Support ESF 14 (replaced by NDRF) ESF 7 Logistics Management & Resource ESF 15 External Affairs Support Incident Action Plan (IAP) Emergency Support Functions Field Inspections PWs Individual Assistance Public Assistance Project Worksheets (PWs) Project Engineering/Architectural Specs Project Approval, Budget Approval, Obligation of Funds Project Design, Construction Bids Construction National Disaster Recovery Framework Recovery Support Functions (6) Long-Term Recovery Committee (& VOAD) Hurricanes Katrina/Rita in Louisiana Total PWs = 35,941 Community Recovery Plan Development Layouts Redevelopment, New Patterns Neighborhood Revitalization Housing Investments Human Service Initiatives Input from First Responders Economic Incentives, Job Growth Infrastructure, Acquisitions Structural Mitigation, Resilience Public-Private Partnerships NGO Coordination Financing Strategies Public Assistance Categories of Work Emergency Work Permanent Work Address an Restoration of: immediate threat: C Roads/bridges A Debris removal D Water control facilities B Emergency E Buildings / equipment protective F Utilities measures G Parks, recreational and other facilities Plan Adoption Schedule Katrina, NOLA = 16 months Sandy, NY = 17 months Recovery Phase 1 Recovery Phase...

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37 PROCESS TIMELINE HMDRRI Community Recovery Plan Development and Implementation (rev ) C SCHEDULE = 9 to 12 months for plan development Assemble Teams Practitioners, Faculty, Students Project Development Plan Development Þ Assemble Facts Identify Agency POCs Data Sharing Workshop PLAN START-UP APPLIED RESEARCH Recovery Indicators Flood APEX Infrastructure Study Recommend Scope Leadership Feedback (2 meetings) Propose Elements and Process Leadership Buy-in Early Outputs, Decision Support, Special Projects Early Outputs, Decision Support, Special Projects IMPLEMENTATION (see note below) Team Visits to Communities Consensus on Key Issues Detailed Scope & Schedule Fair Bluff Lumberton Kinston Seven Springs Princeville Windsor Fair Bluff Lumberton Kinston Seven Springs Princeville Windsor Fair Bluff Lumberton Kinston Seven Springs Princeville Windsor Conditions Inventory GIS Database Identify Needs Alternatives Development Program Resources & Schedules FEMA IA FEMA PA CDBG-DR HMGP EDA SBA COG County UNC Planning NCSU School of Design etc State Agencies NCEM NCDOT NCHHS NCDEQ CGIA etc SPECIAL PROJECTS such as Kenan-Flagler / Skanska In Princeville DESIGN PROJECTS & POLICY Pattern Book Greenways Resending Strategies Public Workshops Funding Strategies Detailed Area / Neighborhood Plans Review by Advisory Groups, Commissions, Agencies, COGs NOTES: Community projects and plans will vary in complexity and development time. Some communities will be ready to start planning process sooner than others. Resources such as GIS and research support are not yet fully identified, to be determined by about 4/18/17. Implementation support is assumed to be 12 months through Public Workshops Deliberation & Adoption by Governing Body