QGENERAL INFORMATION OF URBAN PLANNING IN SHANGHAI

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1 QGENERAL INFORMATION OF URBAN PLANNING IN SHANGHAI The ideas of Onnee CCi ityy Ninnee TToownnss the tenth five-year plan and 1966 plan, four-level city system( the eleventh five-year plan ), are the symbol for Shanghai to realize urbanization of suburb. They will play an important part in Shanghai s future layout. In 1966 plan, the most important part is the nine new towns. Here is some preliminary introduction of the layout of Shanghai s urban development. FOUR CENTRAL RINGS & THREE MAIN AREAS FOUR CENTRAL RINGS In recent years, the development in Shanghai is no doubt amazing. If we open the map of Shanghai and study its recent development, we could easily find out its development is radically spread with the spread of downtown Shanghai. Further, the outline of city rings is more and more obvious. The inner-ring, mid-ring, outer-ring and suburb-ring are the main focuses in the development of Shanghai. These rings represent the past, now and future of recent development in Shanghai. All in all, if our focus of Shanghai property market used to stay in the downtown Shanghai, it should expand to the whole 6,300 square kilometers in Shanghai. Inner-Ring Elevated Highway has become an important concept dividing regional area. Those areas within inner-ring elevated highway have always been regarded city center. In 1980 s, North Zhongshan Road or South Zhongshan Road may be regarded as a remote area, but now they have become the hot area of Shanghai s development. It can be easily found in the map that inner ring elevated highway is connected with North-South elevated highway and Yan an Road elevated highway, showing a net link. Mid-Ring Elevated Highway in order to relieve the traffic problems between inner and outer elevated highway, the idea of building a mid-ring elevated highway came out. Currently, it is in the process of completion period. From north to west to south and to east, It passes Xiangyin Road-Handan Road- Wenshui Road- Zhenbei Road- Beihong Road- Hongxu Road- Hongmei Road, and then crosses the river at Shangzhong Road and connect with Huaxia Road- Shenjiang Road- Zhangjiang Road- Jinqiao Road. It crosses the Huangpu River at Qingning Temple and connects Jungong Road at Puxi Area and finally meets Xiangyin Road. Although this elevated highway is built to release the burden of traffic problems, it will also become a symbol dividing the regional area. Outer-Ring Elevated Highway with the completion of outer ring elevated highway, it has become a successful ring. In a long view, much new residential housing will be built along the outer ring elevated highway, which will also expand Shanghai s urban area.

2 Suburb Ring Elevated Highway this is the peripheral elevated highway of Shanghai. It will connect eight new towns such as Baoshan, Jiading, Qingpu, Songjiang, Jinshan, Fengxian, Nanhui and Pudong Airport with a whole length of 187 km. There will be many residential projects along this highway, which will expand the urban area again. THREE MAIN AREAS The four rings mentioned above are called four central main rings. They have divided Shanghai into three areas: core area, middle area and outer area, which also shows the outline of Shanghai. Core Area refers to those area within inner ring elevated highway and can also be regarded as the core center of Shanghai, where used to be the focus on real estate of Shanghai. Middle Area refers to the area between mid-ring elevated highway and outer ring elevated highway. This area, especially those areas beside outer ring elevated highway has been the main area of building medium and low-level residential housing. Outer Area refers to those wide area out of outer ring elevated highway. Those area used be regarded as outskirt of Shanghai, but now they are potential area for Shanghai to further develop the Urban system and to expand elevated highway. This area has become an area with a lot of potential opportunities. Different from other area, this area plans to develop as the form of satellite cities. The ideas of One City Nine Towns or 1966 plan are representatives of that idea. There is an interaction effect in these three areas. On one side, the centripetal effect raises the land price in core area. On the other side, the spread effect speeds up the development in outskirts. Under this interaction effect, Shanghai has been developed dramatically. The recent development in Shanghai has proved this theory. Massive development always starts from central area, then spread to outskirts. SHANGHAI S THE ELEVENTH FIVE-YEAR URBAN DESIGN 1966 PLAN According to newest urban plan, during the period of the eleventh five-year, Shanghai will reconstruct the layout of the whole city according to 1966 plan. The 1966 plan of Shanghai s the eleventh five-year plan is a frame of four level city systems. It contains: Onnee ccee nnt trraa l cci ityy: :: area within outer ring elevated highway, covering an area of 600 sq. km; 99 nneew toownnss t Baoshan, Jiading, Qingpu, Songjiang, Minhang, Fengxian South Bridge, Jinshan, Lingang New Town, Chongming City Bridge, withh aa whhool lee ppooppuul laat tioonn off aa bboouut t millioonn. Among those, three towns such as Songjiang, Jiading and Lingang

3 New Town show their high potential of development. Their population scale will be about 800,000 to 1,000,000, with a whole population of 2.7 million. Abboouut t 6600 nneew ssuubb toownnss: :: the humanity industry will develop, the land will be used with high efficiency and the infrastructure will be assigned reasonably. Around 60 independent new sub towns will be set up with unique character and withh aa ppooppuul laat tioon n ooff 5500,,,00000.For 0 those sub towns with good resources and high potentials conditions, they will be planned into a population scale of 100,000 to 150, cceennt trraa l vvi illaaggeess Mainly consist of countryside residential house with reasonable assignment of public facilities. The reason for raising the idea of Shanghai public 1966 Plan is to remove the differences between urban and suburb by new system. Plan 1966 is a strategy to evacuate population in the city center to suburb. FROM ONE CITY NINE TOWNS TO 1966 PLAN The acreage of Shanghai is much less than that of Beijing. The land area of city center in Shanghai is only 660 square km. But now Shanghai s administration area has increased to 6340 square km after the establishment of People s Republic of China, which resulted by the governmental policy. BBeessi iddee ss Woorrl ldd EEXXPPO,,, thhee t ffuut tuurree ooff SShhaa nngghhaa i iss i inn ssuubbuurrbb,,, nnoot t cci ityy cceennt tee rr... 1 One City Nine Towns is a great event of Shanghai s 11th five-year Plan, as well as the former plan of In 2000, Shanghai confirmed 10 suburb towns to be the experimental units. They are Zhu Jia Jiao of Qingpu District, An Ting of Jiading District, Feng Jing of Jinshan District, Luo Dian of Baoshan District, Gao Qiao of Pudong New District, Lu Cao Port new city of Nanhui District, Feng Cheng of Fengxian District, Pu Jiang of Minhang District and Bao Town of Chongming District. According to the Plan, a town concentrates on the core industry, such as Jiading district s auto industry. With the construction of auto city and F1, the town is not enough for development, now it becomes a new city. But, in the plan of One City Nine Towns, most of them do not own a core industry, so the development is slow. This problem caught Shanghai Government s attention. A layout design, which aims to speed the development of suburb, is public to carry out the three focus policy, which is focus on scale economy, focus on industrial zone, and focus on urbanization. Its aim is to build up mature industry, such as steel industry in Baoshan, chemical industry in Jinshan. It is the consideration of layout design to form the preliminary town system of 1966 plan. From One City, Nine Towns to 1966 Plan, the idea of industry-driven development does not change. It is a process of evolvement. Now, nine new secondary cities are strengthening their development of industry.

4 Furthermore, Nan Bridge and Coastal Port s status have been moved up, these two areas take an important role in Shanghai s future development; real estate industry is in a boom time. Coastal Port new city is highly recommended by the developers. It is the most important step for new city s building since Shenzhen s construction. The new city will influence Shanghai with the development of Pudong and World Expo in 20 to 50 years, even longer time period within the process of city development.

5 NINE TOWNS LAYOUT LinGangXinChen Jia Ding Bao Shan Qing Pu Song Jing Miin Hang Nan Qiao Lin Gang JinShan Central City Outside new city Main traffic 9 New Towns locate in suburb of Shanghai, linking by suburb ring way (See chart). According to the chart, the nine districts, locate in the suburb of Shanghai, is building up a new secondary city. The nine new towns will be the core of Shanghai suburb in the future, integrating the development of these new towns and villages to push the urbanization process of shanghais s suburb.

Tongji Rd Viaduct Hujia Highway Changjiang Tunnel Huqingping Highway Hulu Highway Huhang Highway Xinfengjin Highway Central City Outside new city Main traffic Traffic condition is the key obstacle

6 Tongji Rd Viaduct Hujia Highway Changjiang Tunnel Huqingping Highway Hulu Highway Huhang Highway Xinfengjin Highway Central City Outside new city Main traffic Traffic condition is the key obstacle which restricts the development of the suburbs. But the planning of the nine towns no doubt has fully taken this into account. Except Chongming Bridge (Changjiang Bridge is to be completed by 2010.), the other towns all have highways access to the city center. Jiading Hujia Highway Qingpu Huqingping Highway Songjiang Huhang Highway Minhang Humin RD railway Line 5 Nanqiao Xinfengjin Highway Jinshan Xinfengjin Highway, Railway Baoshan Tongji RD Elevated Road Port Transportation Lingang new city Hulu Highway Yangshan Deep Water Port Chongming City Changjiang Tunnel

7 HUGE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF THE NEW CITIES Sufficient Industrial Support The major difference between the 1966 Plan and One City Nine Towns Plan is that each new city has its own complete industrial support. Therefore, the realization of the goals will be more maneuverable. New City Baoshan Jiading Qingpu Songjiang Minhang Nanqiao Jinshan Lingang Chengqiao Related industries Wusong Industrial Park modern logistics industry, steel industry Technology industry, automobile industry, tourism Tourism, modern service industry, urban industry Electronic manufacture, export manufacture Large-scale M & E manufacture, spaceflight industry Modern agriculture, industrial trade International chemical and industrial city oil Heavy equipment industry, with the support of logistics and new industry of the two ports Green food production, island tourism Large Population Input By the end of 2005, the population of Shanghai has arrived is million. The population of its permanent residents is million. However, the central city accounting for 1/10 area of the whole city accommodates over 60% population. Part of the population in the central city will move to the outer new cities sooner or later. According to the 1966 plan, the 9 new cities can accommodate 5.4 million residents. These new cities will be developed into satellite cities, which are independent and closely linked with the central city. Unit 10,000 people population Baoshan Jiading Qingp u Songjiang Minhang Nanqiao Jinshan Lingang Chengqiao Current Around aroun Around Around Around 39 Around status 23 d Recent planning Recent input Long-term planning Remark: Recent planning is up to Strong industrial support will drive the economic development and absorb more external

8 population and all kinds of talents. While the population growth (In the near future 2 million people will move in.) will bring more consumption demand: Residential products Daily living consumption Education Culture Recreation and entertainment SSoo muucchh ccoonnssuumppt tioonn ddeemaa m nnd d willl sst timuul laat tee thhee t pprroossppee rri ityy ooff thee th ee ccoonnoomyy,,, foorrm aa ppoossi itivvee cci irrccl lee,,, ssppee eedd uupp thhee t uurrbbaa nni izzaat tioonn ooff ee aa cchh nneew cci ityy t aa nndd bbrri inngg moorre e innvvee i sst tmee nnt t ooppppoorrt tuunni itiee ss...

Shiling Zheng Tongji University. Shanghai. English Translation SHANGHAI CONFERENCE JULY 2005

SHANGHAI CONFERENCE JULY 2005 English Translation Shiling Zheng Tongji University Shanghai All rights are reserved by the presenter. www.urban-age.net Shanghai s Transformation Prof. Dr. Zheng Shiling