Title: Rethinking Green: An analysis and redesign of the green area s in Den Haag Zuidwest

Transcription

1

2

3 Title: Rethinking Green: An analysis and redesign of the green area s in Den Haag Zuidwest Name: David Rijnders Student number: Address: Bagijnhof 102 Postal code: 2611AS Place of residence: Delft Telephone number: address: D.J.R.Rijnders@student.TUDelft.nl Studio: AR3AR111: RMIT Graduation Studio Theme: South West Den Haag Teachers: Lidwine Spoormans and Wido Quist 3

4 Table of contents Personal motivation 5 Introduction 6 Problem statement 8 Research questions 9 Aims of the projcet 10 Methododlogy 12 Time schedule 14 Design 16 References 28 4

5 Personal Motivation Dealing with the existing building stock is and will become an increasingly important task for architects and therefore I think that the graduation studios of the RMIT chair are very relevant for students of architecture. Early post war housing neighbourhoods have become problematic areas in many Dutch cities. In this studio I will get an opportunity to study one of these neighbourhoods studio because I see the importance of improving the liveability in these kinds of areas that are so numerous across the country and deal with many complex issues that have municipalities, housing Furthermore being raised in a similar area made me very aware and gave me a certain fascination with these kind of area s, most importantly on the level op public space and green as it is often very large and widespread but mostly unused. 5

6 Introduction Goal The focus in the studio will be on the Zuidwest district of Den Haag and in particular its complex social issues and degeneration. Much attention will be put into the research with the ultimate goal of obtaining a deeper understanding of this before mentioned complexity in order to be able the actual situation and the future possibilities. The results of this research combined with own the future generation of architects who will be able to deal with the complex issue of regeneration of post-war domestic heritage. Project The project will start with an analysis. This analysis of Den Haag Zuidwest focuses in particular axes running through Den Haag Zuidwest. The conclusions of the analysis will lead to a problem the green area s along the before mentioned green axis and a redesign of a dwelling block within these green areas. Context entire area consists mostly of dwelling blocks and contains few other functions. The area was planned by the Dutch architect Dudok and built in the 1950 s. In the beginning these areas usually one sided 1. Remarkable about the area is its spaciousness and its abundance of green areas. The 2. The wijkgedachte the south west area of Den Haag. This manifested itself in large monumental blocks with common areas in between. In the current situation of the research area the intimacy of the area s connected 6

7

8 Problem statement SWOT Analysis 8

9 Research questions Although the green areas are quite well kept, they aren t used much. In improving the liveability of has to become clear why the areas are unpopular with the residents. After this has become clear, solutions can be found on improving the areas. Therefore my main research question is: - Why are the green areas largely unused and how can these areas improve to attract the residents? To be able to answer this research question, a deeper understanding of these green areas is needed, which can be obtained by answering several sub research questions. The sub research questions are: - Where are the green areas located? - What is the value of the green spaces? - How have the green spaces developed over the years? - How are the green spaces connected to the buildings and the residents? - How and by whom are the green spaces used? - How were the green spaces originally intended to function? - How does a green space contibute to a healthy environment? 9

10 Aims of the project As mentioned before the ultimately the aim of the studio is to train your ability to deal with the complex issue of regeneration of post-war domestic heritage. The research and design direction I want to pursue is based on the outcome of the analysis. The The residents, the buildings and green areas. The design should focus on establishing connections between these entities so that green spaces will have to become used and apart from public there will also have to be (semi) private green spaces. More attention should be given into designing the green spaces, for instance the addition of program as to attach clear function to the areas. The sustainable environment. The design direction Focal points - Breaking down the monotony within the area. - Giving attention to the human scale and creating spaces with a more intimate character. - Design towards a stronger identity though clear progamming and distinction between areas as many of the public spaces have a feeling of anonymity (large grass pitches, where it is unclear who the users should be). - Finding a solution for the problems that street green provide. 10

11 Societal relevance Since the 1990 s there has been a growing need for framework plans for Den Haag in which extensive renewal of the out-dated housing stock is included. The nota Kracht van Den Haag gives principles for the urban renewal task and gives a view on the area s where the restructuring tasks are concentrated 3. Den Haag Zuidwest is one of these areas that is characterized by a concentration of small apartments and what is seen as limited possibilities for transformations of the existing stock. This is the reason why the renewal is largely to be achieved by demolition of the stock and replacement with new buildings as to achieve an enhancement of the living quality in the area. The renewal is not merely related to the housing stock but also involves facilities, public space, largest housing corporations for the execution of the restructuring plans according to strategies documented in the Structuurvisie Den Haag Zuidwest of In my intervention I want to improve the living quality of the area but without the demolition of housing stock but through the improvement of public space by reinterpreting green structures and by intervening in the transition space between public space and the dwelling blocks. The design outcome will be a climate adaptive solution for a certain part of the Melis Stokelaan and one of the dwelling blocks within. This means the design will be made in such a manner that it incorporates certain solutions for predicted climate change in the future (temperature increase, extreme droughts, extreme wet periods 5 integration of these climate adaptive systems within the design location. The solutions can consist of to be made mostly connected to the building. Since the building with it s direct surrounding could Netherlands, design outcomes can be possibly used generically for all of these similar area s and 5. Adaptatie Actie Plan (2011) Klimaatadaptatie in Stadsdeel Nieuw-West 11

12 Method Description gathering drawings literature maps pictures stories INVENTORY interpreting Q1 drawings diagrams maps ANALYSIS RESEARCH QUESTION evaluating conclusions swot EVALUATION Q2 STARTING POINTS CONCEPTS Q3 drawings renders models PRELIMINARY DESIGN Q4 drawings renders models FINAL DESIGN 12

13 Research methods The research methods are described by the upper part of the before mentioned diagram. These methods were used for obtaining a deeper understanding of the green spaces in and around the Melis Stokelaan to ultimately answer the main research question: Why are the green areas largely unused and how can these areas improve to attract the residents? The research can be divided into three categories: theory, observation and stories. Theory can be found on the intentions of the abundant green spaces, as it is a part of the then popular wijkgedachte in which the purpose and need of green spaces is very meticulously described by Bos 6 and later on backed up by Geyl 7. With this knowledge at hand the sub question How were the green spaces originally intended to function? can be answered. Theories that criticise the idea of the wijkgedachte like published by van Doorn 8 on the unrealistic expectances of the community life on a neighbourhood level as well as theories on the design of well functioning green spaces as described by De Vos 9, can form a backdrop in answering the main question of Why are the green areas largely unused and how can these areas improve to attract the residents? Observation is used in visits to the site and answering the question on How have the green spaces developed over the years? Finally the stories of the residents and experts are used to understand how the green is valued and used by the main target group of users answering the questions How are the green spaces connected to the buildings and the residents? and How and by whom are the green spaces used? All this providing the knowledge and understanding to answer the main research question. Design methods The design methods that will be used mostly for developing the design are show in the bottom part of the diagram. They contain: the study of variants, the use of models and the study of references. variants or through ruling out the alternatives. Even if in a later phase the chosen option seems to Secondly there is the use of models. A method I very much prefer as it can put ideas forward in a very realistic way and thus has an important contribution in making the representation of the design complete but more importantly pinpoints the otherwise possibly unnoticeable bottlenecks in the 13

14 Time Schedule Februari: How are the original, current and future situation characterized? site visit - orientation analyse - gathering literature - site visit - urban analysis scale zuidwest - gathering literature - site visit - choice location - archive visit - urban analysis scale morgenstond - develop research question March: What is the value of the green spaces? urban analysis scale melis stokelaan - architectural analysis - material anaysis - parks analysis - study wijkgedachte - architectural analysis - material analysis - prepare presentation - draw conclusions April: In what way do the green spaces have to develop? 3.8 P1 Presentation HanD in P1 report and thesis PLan presentation - evaluate and work out remaks presentation - work out remarks p1 report - start essay - work out remarks thesis plan May: How can the site be approached from a climate adaptive point of view? 4.2 HanD in essay HanD in theis PLan - develop concept - masterplan 1: develop concept - masterplan 1: programme of demands - masterplan 1: draft models - evaluate masterplan - sustainability June: How can the sustainable solutions be integrated? masterplan 1:5000/1: sustainability - masterplan 1:1000/1:500 - test concept on all scales - masterplan 1:500/1:200 - prepare presentation July 4.10 P2 Presentation no guidance no guidance no guidance - presentation September: How can the sustainable solutions be integrated? evaluate and work out remarks presentation - preliminary design 1:200 / 1:100 - preliminary design 1:200 / 1:100 - building fragment 1: P3 Presentation - facade fragment 1:20 - horizontal and vertical sections - details 1:10 - facade fragment 1:20 - horizontal and vertical sections - details 1:10 - prepare presentation - presentation evaluate and work out remaks presentation - building fragment 1:50 December: Does the design provide a valid answer to the posed problems? P4 Presentation - facade fragment 1:20 - horizontal and vertical sections - details 1:5 - details 1:5-3d models and visualisations - prepare presentation - presentation January: How can the design/presentation be improved? P5 Presentation - work out remarks presentation - prepare presentation - presentation 14

15 Phasing and products The products that will be delivered are closely connected to the schedules as shown on the previous and the following page. interpreting information. Through evaluation develop a problem statement to give the project a Products: urban, architectural and material analysis leading to a design direction. (p1 report) Phase Q2: Developing an intervention within the area. Through value assessments and chosen starting points develop a concept that will lead to a sketch design Products: urban plan 1:1000 / 1:500, programme of demands, plans, sections, facades 1:200 preliminary design with elaborated solutions. societal relevance. 15

16 Design 16

17 The design on an building level adds a layer to the existing building. This intervention creates a design or treatment for the connected pavement zone as well. By continuing the materialisation from the building to the pavement, keeping a limited scale and bordering the pavement limiting the access, a zone is created that very much feels like a collective space connected to the building. This area then forms the starting point for the zoning approach of the Melis Stokelaan. Having a very private zone on the building side of the street a very public zone is needed on the park side more accessible and clearly recognizable as a public area. The created green zone in between the streets serves as an indicator of the Melis Stokepark (that now becomes more visable) for high pedestrians and bicyclists. Furthermore it completes the very carefull transition from private green to public green. 17

18 18

19 19

20 Relationship between research and design. 22

21 Relationship between the theme of the studio and the subject chosen by the student Relationship between the project and the wider social context 23

22 Green and Water ambitions of the municipality As the municipality of Den Haag proudly recognizes the quality of existing green and water as important features in the city, it is also very ambitious in maintaining and further developing both. Green In their policy for green in Den Haag from 2005 Groen kleurt de stad 11 four ambitions towards green in the city: 1. Space for green in and around the city 2. Attention to accessibility, use and experience of green 3. Sustainable organization, management and maintenance of green 4. Maintain green together All four point have an outcome in the design, but most importantly the attention to accessibility, use and experience. The intervention has pulled the park into the street making it much more visible and accessible. Outdated viewing green has made space for usable green and added walkways, Furthermore added collective spaces have been given a green character with the desire of having the residents participating in maintaining green. Water ambitions on their approach towards water in their Waterplan Den Haag 12 from Sustainable clean and healty water 2. Attractive water 3. Safe and controlled water 4. Aware of Haags water These ambitions are clearly incorporated in the design. Sustainable clean and healthy water is water in front of the building but also the enlargement of the existing water towards the street. These measures make the water safe and contolled but also raises the awareness of the residents and passers through. 11. Gemeente Den Haag (2005) Groen kleurt de stad 12. Gemeente Den Haag (2010) Waterplan Den Haag 24

23 Feasibility Initially the intention had been to have a realistic approach towards the intervention of the building block, but given the situation the housing corporations are in right now and after hearing comments of the representatives of these corporations, it does t seem realistic to make such an investment. However if an intervention should be made, certain measures (self sustaining climate systems, smart water use) will be a responsible approach. Also should be taken into account that after the investment is made, the energy cost of the building will drastically decrease and with rising energy prices could lead to a relatively fast payback of the investment. The glas layer on the outside can be quite inexpensive but does have it s cost in maintenence, however the existing building will need less maintenence as it is no longer exposed to forces of nature. These costs could even each other out. As is shown in graph below the payback on the investment will be around 12 years, as at that point the total costs of the building in scenario 1, in which no intervention has been made, (calculated according to outcomes from introduction to sustainable renewal 11 ) will exceed the total costs of scenario 5, in which the design intervention has been made (calculated according to outcomes from bouwen met groen en glas 12 ). The life expectancy of the measures in this intervention are all Furthermore the lines in the graph will drastically diverge after that point as there are barley any annual costs in scenario 5, while the annual costs of scenario 1 will exponentially increase from climbing rapidly. There could be doubt whether the investment will be too large, but the intervention remians a resposible way to deal with existing housing stock as it limits waste and adapts to the future situations. Since the payback of the investment will be before the end of the life expectancy of the measures, you could say that it is also a economically viable investment scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4 scenario 5 scenario

24 Impact In their book Urban green-blue grids for sustainable and dynamic cities Potz and Bleuze describe the impact vegetation and water can have on our urban environments. They describe seven themes on which green and water can contribute to reaching a higher standard. 1. Climate adaptation: The changing climate will account for larger extremeties in dry and wet periods. Green and water the building itself, measures have been taken to reduce the amount of water used and wasted. 2. Reducing heat stress: The changing climate will also account for a temperature increase. Vegetation and surface water can play an important role in cooling the urban environment in periods of warmth. Shade and evaporation can decrease the temperature up to 10 degrees. This is the reason that in the design trees in the dense rows next to the building that took away much light and view from the building, small improvement. 3. Improving biodiversity: surfaces will be an improvement. In the design reducing the size of the roads at the selected areas and making shores less steep will make it easier for small animals to travel throughout the area. Urban food production is quickly becoming popular. Growing fruits and vegetables can account for a healty lifestyle and also can serve a social and educational purpose. In the design private and collective outside spaces as well as greenhouse spaces have been added that can be used for food production. 5. Imporving air quality: Vegetation can absorb dioxides and small particle matter. By increasing the amount of vegetation the air quality in the area will slightly improve. The air inside the building will be cleaner because it will no longer be directly attracted from the area where cars drive. 13. Potz, H. (2012) Urban green-blue grids for sustainable and dynamic cities. 26

25 VERHARDING [huidig] [ontwerp] Verhard Half verhaard Onverhaard 6. Sustainable energyproduction: 8% 30% on the future is reducing our An important sustainable measure that can be taken with our eyes 16% 0% sources so the energy demand will be drastically reduced. 70% The much lower demand can be 76% met by the energy produced by the pv cells on the roof. This way the building can be self sustaining in its energy demand and is no longer dependant on fossile fuels, taking away the large co2 emission producing energy for the building currently produces. INFRASTRUCTUUR 7. Quality of life [huidig] [ontwerp] and reduce stress and are important for children to enhance social skills. The liveability of the Groen Grijs Water proposed intervention. 11% 16% 8% Change in numbers 27% 62% 76% VERHARDING [huidig] GROEN [ontwerp] [huidig] Verhard Half verhaard Onverhaard Gebruiksgroen Kijkgroen 8% 30% [ontwerp] 0% 9% 16% 0% 70% 76% 91% INFRASTRUCTUUR [huidig] [ontwerp] BUITENRUIMTES [ontwerp] [huidig] Prive Groen Grijs Water 11% 100% 1% 4% Openbaar 13% 16% 13% 8% 27% 62% 76% 86% 83% GROEN [huidig] [ontwerp] Gebruiksgroen Kijkgroen 0% 9% 91% 100% BUITENRUIMTES 27

26 References Books and Articles: - Blom, A. (1994) De typologie van de vroeg-naoorlogse woonwijken. Zeist: Rijksdienst Monumentenzorg - Bos, A. (1946) De stad der toekomst de toekomst der stad. Rotterdam: Voorhoeve - Boven, J. (2008) Bloei en verval van vroeg naoorlogse wijken. Den Haag: Nicis Instituut - van Doorn, J. (1955) Wijk en stad: reële integratiekaders? Amsterdam - Geyl, W. (1946) Wij en de wijkgedachte. Den Haag: Nederlands Instituut voor Volkshuisvesting en - Nota s: - mensen, hun werk, wonen, cultuur en welzijn - - Adaptatie Actie Plan (2011) Klimaatadaptatie in Stadsdeel Nieuw-West Archives: Expert consultings: 28

27