Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 102 Report of the Committee on Safety to Life Technical Correlating Committee (SAF-AAC)

Transcription

1 Report of the Committee on Safety to Life Technical Correlating Committee (SAF-AAC) James R. Quiter, Chair Arup Fire, CA [SE] Ron Coté, Secretary (Staff-NV) National Fire Protection Association, MA James B. Brown, Honeywell, Inc., IL [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Richard W. Bukowski, US National Institute of Standards & Technology, MD [RT] Rep. Signaling Systems Correlating Committee Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Lee J. Dosedlo, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT] Jackie T. Gibbs, Marietta Fire Department, GA [U] Rep. International Association of Fire Chiefs Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] J. Edmund Kalie, Jr., Prince George s County Government, MD [E] William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [C] Rep. American Public Health Association Kirby W. Perry, Kirby W. Perry Architects & Associates Inc., TX [SE] Rep. American Institute of Architects Lawrence G. Perry, Building Owners & Managers Association International, MD [U] Alternates Robert E. Burke, Muse & Associates, DC [C] (Alt. to Jake Pauls) Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] (Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman) Martin H. Reiss, The RJA Group, Inc., MA [SE] (Alt. to James R. Quiter) Todd Shearer, Wheelock, Inc., NJ [M] (Alt. To James B. Brown) Michael S. Shulman, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., CA [RT] (Alt. to Lee J. Dosedlo) Michael D. Tomy, Heery International Inc., GA [SE] (Alt. to Kirby W. Perry) Nonvoting John L. Bryan, Frederick, MD [SE] (Member Emeritus) David A. de Vries, Firetech Engineering Inc., IL [SE] Rep. TC on Means of Egress William E. Fitch, Omega Point Laboratories Inc., TX [RT] Rep. TC on Furnishings & Contents Ralph Gerdes, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Rep. TC on Assembly Occupancies & Membrane Structures Wayne D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control, CT [I] Rep. TC on Industrial, Storage, & Miscellaneous Occupancies Morgan J. Hurley, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, MD [U] Rep. TC on Fundamentals Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Inc., VA [SE] Rep. TC on Detention & Correctional Occupancies Richard L. Klinker, Klinker & Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Rep. TC on Building Service & Fire Protection Equipment James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Inc., CT [SE] Rep. TC on Residential Occupancies Harold E. Nelson, Hughes Associates, Inc., VA [SE] (Member Emeritus) Daniel J. O Connor, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Rep. TC on Health Care Occupancies Eric R. Rosenbaum, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Rep. TC on Fire Protection Features Ed Schultz, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [SE] Rep. TC on Mercantile & Business Occupancies Catherine L. Stashak, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Rep. TC on Educational & Day-Care Occupancies David W. Stroup, US National Institute of Standards & Technology, MD [RT] Rep. TC on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety Staff Liaison: Ron Coté Staff Liaison: Ron Coté Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the protection of human life from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences and for the nonemergency and emergency movement of people Report of the Committee on Assembly Occupancies and Membrane Structures (SAF-AXM) Ralph Gerdes, Chair Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Ron Coté, Secretary (Staff-NV) National Fire Protection Association, MA Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District, UT [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Stanton M. Alexander, North American Testing Company, FL [ M] Weston E. Bacon, Jr., Bacon Hedland Management, Inc., IL [U] Rep. International Association of Exposition Management Scott R. Bartlett, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MA [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association George D. Bushey, Rosser International, GA [SE] William Conner, Schuler & Shook, Inc., IL [SE] Rep. American Society of Theater Consultants Bhola Dhume, City of New Orleans, LA [E] Ronald R. Farr, Kalamazoo Township Fire Department, MI [E] Rep. Michigan Fire Inspectors Society Robert D. Fiedler, City of Lincoln, NE [E] William E. Fitch, Omega Point Laboratories Inc., TX [RT] Wesley W. Hayes, Polk County Fire Services Division, FL [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Roland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., TX [IM] Jonathan Humble, American Iron and Steel Institute, CT [M] Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] John Lake, Marion County Fire Rescue, FL [E] Rep. NE Florida Fire Prevention Association Vern L. Martindale, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, UT [U] Joseph J. Messersmith, Jr., Portland Cement Association, VA [M] Gregory R. Miller, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [U] Rep. National Association of Theatre Owners Keith C. Nagelski, Soft Play, L.L.C., NC [M] Rep. International Play Equipment Manufacturers Association Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [SE] Steven W. Peavey, Altamonte Springs Fire Department, FL [E] Rep. Florida Fire Marshals & Inspectors Association Larry B. Perkins, RBC Center/Carolina Hurricanes, NC [U] Rep. International Association of Assembly Managers, Inc. John William Pritchett, Athens-Clarke County Fire Department, GA [E] Ed Roether, HOK SVE, MO [U] Karl G. Ruling, Entertainment Services & Technology Association, NY [U] Rep. US Institute for Theatre Technology Philip R. Sherman, Philip R. Sherman, PE, NH [SE] Jeffrey S. Tubbs, Arup Fire, MA [SE] Daniel R. Victor, Interkal, LLC, MI [M] Rep. National School Supply & Equipment Association Paul L. Wertheimer, Crowd Management Strategies, IL [SE] Alternates Mount V. Allen, III, New Jersey Performing Arts Center, NJ [U] (Alt. to Larry B. Perkins) Gene Boecker, Code Consultants, Inc., MO [U] (Alt. to Gregory R. Miller) David Cook, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] (Alt. to Ralph Gerdes) Jerrold S. Gorrell, City of Phoenix, AZ [U] (Alt. to Karl G. Ruling) Mike Hayward, Little Tikes Commercial Play Systems Inc., MO [M] (Alt. to Keith C. Nagelski) Eugene Leitermann, Theatre Projects Consultants, Inc., CT [SE] (Alt. to William Conner) Vern T. Lewis, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, UT [U] (Alt. to Vern L. Martindale) Steven J. Scandaliato, Scandaliato Design Group, Inc., CO [IM] (Alt. to Roland J. Huggins) Stephen V. Skalko, Portland Cement Association, GA [M] (Alt. to Joseph J. Messersmith) Mark V. Smith, Gainesville Fire Rescue Department, FL [E] (Alt. to John Lake) Robert B. Treiber, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc., OH [M] (Alt. to Kevin J. Kelly) Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] (Alt. to Jonathan Humble)

2 Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the nonemergency and emergency movement of people in assembly occupancies, tents, and membrane structures. This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book. The Report of the Committee on Safety to Life is presented for adoption, as follows: This Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Assembly Occupancies and Membrane Structures, and proposes for adoption, a complete revision to NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures, 1995 NFPA is published in Volume 6 of the 2004/2005 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Assembly Occupancies and Membrane Structures which consists of 30 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. This Report has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Correlating Committee on Safety to Life, which consists of 12 voting members; of whom 11 voted affirmatively, and 1 ballot was not returned (Gibbs) Log #CP1 SAF-AXM Final Action: Accept (Entire Document) Submitter: Technical Committee on Assembly Occupancies and Membrane Structures Recommendation: Replace NFPA , Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures with NFPA , Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures which appears at the end of this NFPA 102 technical committee report. Substantiation: Earlier editions of NFPA 102 served well for approximately 50 years because of the need within the NFPA documents for structural requirements for grandstands at a time when NFPA did not have a building code. In the 1980s, the egress provisions within NFPA 101 Life Safety Code were expanded greatly for assembly occupancies. The egress provisions of NFPA 102 became outdated. Rather than expand the egress provisions of NFPA 102, the egress provisions were removed and those in NFPA 101 were mandatorily referenced. NFPA 102 became a smaller document but retained the structural requirements because NFPA still had no building code. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the structural requirements in NFPA 102 were not updated. They became outdated and inadequate. When NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code was created, the provisions in, and subjects addressed by, NFPA 102 were updated/expanded/ correlated in NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101. NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101 fully address the subject. This draft of NFPA extracts material from NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101 so as to serve as a replacement for the 1995 edition of NFPA 102. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 30 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 24 Negative: 2 Ballot Not Returned: 4 BACON, KELLY, PERKINS, PRITCHETT Explanation of Negative: FITCH: Section requires All tests of membrane materials... to be performed on weathered-membrane materials. However the weathering test as specified in cannot accommodate specimens large enough to conduct the flame spread or flame resistance tests and should be deleted. MESSERSMITH: After reviewing Mr. Fitch s negative comment on item 102-1, I wish to change my vote on that item to negative. While ASTM G 155 may not require a test specimen large enough to conduct a flame spread or flame resistance test, there may be ways of addressing this problem other than to delete the requirement that testing be performed on weathered material. Comment on Affirmative PAULS: While I hold to the idea that NFPA 102 should be discontinued, I am voting for the ROP so that those in favor of retaining NFPA 102 can comment regarding the usefulness of the new NFPA 102 which still requires NFPA 101 or NFPA 5000 to be consulted anyway. Perhaps this will facilitate a future demise of NFPA 102. VICTOR: I would like to add the following comments to my vote on Proposal (Log #CP1). NSSEA applauds the Standards Council s decision to maintain NFPA 102. The beauty of NFPA 102 is that it has been, to a large extent, a stand-alone code for bleachers. In the future, we in the bleacher industry would like to see egress and design loads extracted and placed into the document Log #2 SAF-AXM Final Action: Accept in Principle (6.1.6) Submitter: Robert J. Eugene, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Recommendation: Revise to read as follows: Flame spread of all membrane materials exposed within the structure shall be Class A as defined in Section of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. Substantiation: Editorial. NFPA has been reformatted, and section number changed. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle No change needed. See Proposal (Log #CP1), paragraph Committee Statement: Paragraph of the draft of NFPA 102 shown in the referenced proposal includes the correct reference to Chapter 10 of NFPA Number Eligible to Vote: 30 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 26 Ballot Not Returned: 4 BACON, KELLY, PERKINS, PRITCHETT Comment on Affirmative VICTOR: See my Affirmative with Comment on Proposal (Log #CP1)

3 102-3 Log #3 SAF-AXM Final Action: Accept in Principle (9.2.5 Exception and (New) ) Submitter: Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc. Recommendation: Add a new Exception to read: Fireworks or unauthorized open flames shall be prohibited in any tent or temporary membrane structure. Exception: Where the retail sales of consumer fireworks, 1.4G are conducted in accordance with NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles. Also add NFPA to Section NFPA Publications. Substantiation: This proposal provides an exception to the prohibition of fireworks located in a tent or temporary membrane structure when those fireworks are consumer fireworks, 1.4G that are regulated by NFPA 1124, Code for the manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles for the retail sales of such fireworks. Chapter 7 of NFPA contains comprehensive requirements for the retails sales of consumer fireworks, 1.4G including specific requirements for tents where they are used for such sales. This is also consistent with of NFPA , Uniform Fire Code which provides for a similar exception. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle No change needed. Committee Statement: The provision of NFPA 102 paragraph was not retained in the draft of NFPA 102 shown in Proposal (Log #CP1). The subject of retail sales of fireworks is addressed in an extensive Section of NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, and is too specialized a subject to be repeated in NFPA 102. The treatment of the subject in NFPA 1 accomplishes what the submitter wanted. Number Eligible to Vote: 30 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 26 Ballot Not Returned: 4 BACON, KELLY, PERKINS, PRITCHETT Comment on Affirmative VICTOR: See my Affirmative with Comment on Proposal (Log #CP1) Log #4 SAF-AXM Final Action: Accept in Principle (A.4.6.2) Submitter: Joseph T. Holland, III, Hoover Treated Wood Products Recommendation: Revise to read as follows: A Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber. The increases permitted in the sizes of wood grandstands, if of fire-retardant-treated lumber, are predicated on the use of lumber impregnated by pressure processes with fire retardant preservatives in accordance with NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code. 703, Standard for Fire Retardant Impregnated Wood and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials, or AWPA C20, Structural Lumber Fire Retardant Treatment by Pressure Processes, and AWPA C27, Plywood Fire Retardant Treatment by Pressure Processes. Substantiation: NFPA 5000 is the building code of the National Fire Protection Association and as such should be referenced in the Standard for Grandstands, Folding, Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures in lieu of NFPA 703. NFPA 5000 contains the latest information on fire-retardanttreated wood. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle No change needed. Committee Statement: The provision of NFPA 102 paragraph A.4.6.2, noted by the submitter as needing updating, was not retained in the draft of NFPA 102 shown in Proposal (Log #CP1). Number Eligible to Vote: 30 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 26 Ballot Not Returned: 4 BACON, KELLY, PERKINS, PRITCHETT Comment on Affirmative VICTOR: See my Affirmative with Comment on Proposal (Log #CP1)

4 NFPA Flammable Liquids and Gases Standard for 1.3 Open Flame devices and Pyrotechnics Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, 1.4 Smoking Tents, and Membrane Structures 1.5 Extinguishment Requirements 2006 Edition 1.6 Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems Chapter 10 Services Contents 1.1 Electrical Systems 1.2 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Chapter 1 Administration 1.3 Fired Heaters 1.1 Scope 1.4 Electric Heaters 1.2 Purpose Annex A Explanatory Material 1.3 Application Annex B Informational References 1.4 Equivalency 1.5 Units Chapter 2 Referenced Publications NFPA General Standard for 1.2 NFPA Publications Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, 1.3 Other Publications Tents, and Membrane Structures Chapter 3 Definitions 2006 Edition 1.1 General NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a 1.2 NFPA Official Definitions paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A. 1.3 General Definitions A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph Chapter 4 Means of Egress indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA 1.1 New Facilities document. As an aid to the user, Annex B.2 lists the complete 1.2 Existing Facilities title and edition of the source documents for both mandatory and nonmandatory extracts. Editorial changes to extracted material Chapter 5 Grandstands and Bleachers consist of revising references to an appropriate division in this 1.1 General document or the inclusion of the document number with the division 1.2 Location number when the reference is to the original document. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the 1.3 Minimum Construction Requirements appropriate technical committee. 1.4 Design Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter Seating and Annex B. 1.6 Guards and Railings Chapter 1 Administration 1.7 Special Requirements Type III, Type IV, and 1.1 Scope. This Standard addresses the following: Type V Grandstands (1) The construction, location, protection, and maintenance of 1.8 Special Requirements Portable Grandstands grandstands and bleachers, folding and telescopic seating, tents, and membrane structures 1.9 Spaces Underneath Grandstands (2) Seating facilities located in the open air or within enclosed or 1.10 Maintenance semienclosed structures such as tents, membrane structures, and Chapter 6 Folding and Telescopic Seating stadium complexes. 1.1 Application 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this Standard is to provide minimum 1.2 Design requirements for life safety in relation to fire, storm, collapse, and crowd behavior in tents, membrane structures, and assembly seating 1.3 Review and Approval as covered in Section Seating 1.5 Guards and Railings 1.6 Maintenance and Operation of Folding and Telescopic Seating Chapter 7 Membrane Structures 1.1 General 1.2 Permanent Membrane Structures 1.3 Tensioned Membrane Structures 1.4 Air-Supported, Air-Inflated Structures 1.5 Temporary Membrane Structures Chapter 8 Tents 1.1 General 1.2 Structural Design Load Requirements 1.3 Flame Resistance 1.4 Location and Spacing 1.5 Fire Hazards 1.6 Portable Fire-Extinguishment Equipment Chapter 9 Protection 1.1 General Application. The requirements of this Standard shall apply to the following: (1) new facilities (2) existing facilities where specifically noted 1.4 Equivalency. Nothing in this Standard is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this Standard Technical Documentation. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency Approval. The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction. 1.5 Units SI Units. Metric units of measurement in this Standard are in accordance with the modernized metric system known as the International System of Units (SI) Primary Values. The inch-pound value for a measurement, and the SI value given in parentheses, shall each be acceptable for use as primary units for satisfying the requirements of this Standard.

5 Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter 3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. are referenced within this Standard and shall be considered part of 3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The organization, the requirements of this document. office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 an installation, or a procedure. Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA * Code. A standard that is an extensive compilation of NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2002 provisions covering broad subject matter or that is suitable for NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 adoption into law independently of other codes and standards Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2003 a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the 2002 manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2002 performance in a specified manner. NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, * Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2005 published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 2002 edition that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing Ventilating Systems, 2002 states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a Air-Conditioning Systems, 2002 specified purpose. NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids, Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only NFPA 160, Standard for Flame Effects Before an Audience, 2001 mandatory provisions using the word shall to indicate requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid provisions shall be located in an appendix or annex, footnote, or fineprint note and are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2003 NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building standard. Materials, General Definitions. NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation Air-Inflated Structure. A structure whose shape is maintained of Textiles and Films, 2004 by air pressure in cells or tubes forming all or part of the enclosure NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a of the usable area and in which the occupants are not within the Proximate Audience, 2001 pressurized area used to support the structure. [5000:3.3] NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, * Air-Supported Structure. A structure where shape is maintained by air pressure and in which occupants are within the elevated pressure area. [5000:3.3] 2.3 Other Publications * Assembly Occupancy. An occupancy (1) used for a gathering ASCE Publications. American Society of Civil Engineers, of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA drinking, amusement, awaiting transportation, or similar uses; or (2) ASCE 17, Air Supported Structures, used as a special amusement building, regardless of occupant load ASTM Publications. American Society for Testing and [5000:3.3] Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA Bleachers. A grandstand in which the seats are not provided with backrests. [5000:3.3] ASTM A 153, Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware, 2001a 3.3.5* Exit. That portion of a means of egress that is separated from all other spaces of a building or structure by construction or ASTM D 2898, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing, 1994 (1999). ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 C, ASTM G 155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials, 2000A e IAPMO Publications. International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, Walnut Drive South, Walnut, CA UMC, Uniform Mechanical Code, Chapter 3 Definitions 3.1 General. The following terms, for the purposes of this Standard, shall have the meanings given in this chapter, if not otherwise modified by another chapter. Words used in the present tense shall include the future; words used in the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter; the singular number shall include the plural, and the plural number shall include the singular. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Websterʼs Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, shall be a source for ordinarily accepted meaning equipment as required to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge. [5000:3.3] Exit Access. That portion of a means of egress that leads to an exit. [5000:3.3] Exit Discharge. That portion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit and a public way. [5000:3.3] Fire Resistance Rating. The time, in minutes or hours, that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure as determined by the tests, or methods based on tests, prescribed by NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code. [5000:3.3] Folding and Telescopic Seating. A structure that is used for tiered seating of persons and whose overall shape and size can be reduced, without being dismantled, for purposes of moving or storing. [5000:3.3] * Grandstand. A structure that provides tiered or stepped seating. [5000:3.3] * Limited-Combustible (Material). Refers to a building construction material not complying with the definition of noncombustible material (see ) that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb (8141 kj/kg), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and includes (1) materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with

6 a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) that has a Grandstands and bleachers shall be permitted to be of Type III, flame spread index not greater than 50; and (2) materials, in the form Type IV, or Type V construction when designed in accordance with and thickness used, other than as described in (1), having neither Section 5.7. [5000: ] a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued 5.4 Design. [5000:32.7.4] progressive combustion, and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would Grandstands shall be designed to withstand the structural have neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of loading requirements of Chapter 35 of NFPA 5000, Building continued progressive combustion. [220:2.1] Construction and Safety Code unless otherwise permitted by [5000: ] * Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way The manufacturer shall comply with the requirements of consisting of three separate and distinct parts: (1) the exit access, (2) and [5000: ] the exit, and (3) the exit discharge. [5000:3.3] Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, the Membrane. For the purposes of membrane structures, a thin, manufacturer shall submit either of the following: flexible, water-impervious material capable of being supported by an (1) Calculations verifying the design analysis prepared by a air pressure of 1.5 in. water column (38 mm water column). [5000: professional engineer or registered architect 3.3] (2) Report of load tests conducted by an approved, independent Membrane Structure. A building or portion of a building testing laboratory and certified by a professional engineer [5000: incorporating an air-inflated, air-supported, tensioned-membrane ] structure; a membrane roof; or a membrane-covered rigid frame to Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, protect habitable or usable space. [5000:3.3] the manufacturer shall certify that the equipment supplied is in Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form accordance with the design. [5000: ] in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not 5.5 Seating. [5000: ] ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors, when subjected to fire or heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM Where grandstand seating without backs is used indoors, rows E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical of seats shall be spaced not less than 22 in. (55.9 cm) back-to-back. Tube Furnace at 750 Degrees C, are considered noncombustible [5000: ] materials. [5000:3.3] The depth of footboards and seat boards in grandstands shall Permanent. Any object that is intended to remain in place for be not less than 9 in. (22.9 cm). Where the same level is not used for more than 180 days. (See also ) [5000:3.3] both seat foundations and footrests, footrests independent of seats shall be provided. [5000: ] Private Party Tent. A tent erected in the yard of a private residence for entertainment, recreation, dining, a reception, or similar Seats and footrests of grandstands shall be supported securely function. [5000:3.3] and fastened in such a manner that they cannot be displaced inadvertently. [5000: ] Professional Engineer. A person licensed to practice engineering in a jurisdiction, subject to all laws and limitations Individual seats or chairs shall be permitted only if secured imposed by the jurisdiction. [5000:3.3] in rows in an approved manner, unless the seats do not exceed 16 in number and are located on level floors and within railed-in Temporary. Any object that is in place for a period of 180 enclosures, such as boxes. [5000: ] consecutive days or less. (See also ) [5000:3.3] The maximum number of seats permitted between the farthest Tensioned-Membrane Structure. A membrane structure seat in an aisle in grandstands and bleachers shall not exceed that incorporating a membrane and a structural support system such as shown in Table [5000: ] arches, columns and cables, or beams wherein the stresses developed in the tensioned membrane interact with those in the structural support so that the entire assembly acts together to resist the applied Tabe Maximum Number of Seats Permitted Between loads. [5000:3.3] Farthest Seat and an Aisle * Tent. A temporary structure, the covering of which is made Application Outdoors Indoors of pliable material that achieves its support by mechanical means such as beams, columns, poles, or arches, or by rope or cables, or both. Grandstands 11 6 [5000:3.3] Bleachers Weathered-Membrane Material. Membrane material that has been subjected to a minimum of 3000 hours in a weatherometer in accordance with ASTM G 155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials, or approved equivalent. [5000:3.3] Chapter 4 Means of Egress 4.1 New Facilities. New facilities included within the scope of this Standard shall comply with one of the following: (1) the means of egress provisions of 101, Life Safety Code for the applicable occupancies (2) the means of egress provisions of NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code for the applicable occupancies 4.2 Existing Facilities. Existing facilities included within the scope of this Standard shall comply with the means of egress provisions of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code for the applicable occupancies. Chapter 5 Grandstands and Bleachers 5.1 General. Grandstands and bleachers shall comply with the requirements of this chapter. [5000:32.7.1] 5.2 Location. Grandstands shall be erected or otherwise located only where load-carrying capacities exist to support the loads. [5000: ] 5.3 Minimum Construction Requirements. [5000:32.7.3] Grandstands and bleachers shall be permitted to be of unlimited area when of Type I or Type II construction. [5000: ] Vertical openings between guardrails and footboards or seat boards shall be provided with intermediate construction so that a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass through the opening. [5000: ] An opening between the seat board and footboard located more than 30 in. (76 cm) above grade shall be provided with intermediate construction so that a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass through the opening. [5000: ] 5.6 Guards and Railings. [5000: ] Railings or guards not less than 42 in. (107 cm) above the aisle surface or footrest or not less than 36 in. (91 cm) vertically above the center of the seat or seat board surface, whichever is adjacent, shall be provided along those portions of the backs and ends of all grandstands where the seats are more than 4 ft (1.2 m) above the floor or ground. [5000: ] The requirement of shall not apply where an adjacent wall or fence affords equivalent safeguard. [5000: ] Where the front footrest of any grandstand is more than 2 ft (0.6 m) above the floor, railings or guards not less than 33 in. (84 cm) above such footrests shall be provided. [5000: ] The railings required by shall be permitted to be not less than 26 in. (66 cm) high in grandstands or where the front row of seats includes backrests. [5000: ] 102-6

7 5.6.5 Cross aisles located within the seating area shall be provided (4) Portable grandstands shall not be used until all parts have been with rails not less than 26 in. (66 cm) high along the front edge of the erected, or re-erected, in accordance with the approved design cross aisle. [5000: ] and specifications The railings specified by shall not be required where the (5) The seating, walkways, railings, bracing, and supporting backs of the seats in front of the cross aisle project 24 in. (61 cm) or members shall be structurally sound. [5000: ] more above the surface of the cross aisle. [5000: ] Placement. The following shall apply to the placement of Vertical openings between guardrails and footboards or seat portable grandstands: boards shall be provided with intermediate construction so that a 4-in. (1) Portable grandstands shall be provided with base plates, sills, (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass through the opening. [5000: floor runners, or sleepers of such area that the allowable bearing ] capacity of the supporting material is not exceeded An opening between the seat board and footboard located more (2) Where portable grandstands rest directly on a base where than 30 in. (76 cm) above grade shall be provided with intermediate settlement can or does occur beyond that allowed by design, mud construction so that a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass sills of suitable material having sufficient area to prevent undue through the opening. [5000: ] or dangerous settlement shall be installed under base plates, 5.7 Special Requirements Type III, Type IV, and Type V runners, or sleepers. Grandstands. [5000:32.7.5] (3) All bearing surfaces shall be in full contact with each other An outdoor grandstand of Type III, Type IV, or Type V [5000: ] construction shall not be erected a distance less than two-thirds of its Prevention of Displacement. A-frames or other supports and height from a building, but in no case shall the grandstand be erected seat stringers for portable grandstands shall be secured to prevent less than 10 ft (3.0 m) from a building, unless one of the following accidental displacement during occupancy. [5000: ] criteria is met: Fasteners. The following shall apply to fasteners for portable (1) The exterior wall of the building is of at least 1-hour fire grandstands: resistance rated construction with all openings protected. (1) The use of nails, lag screws, and wood screws shall be permitted (2) A fire wall of at least 1-hour fire resistance rated construction is for holding wood parts together, provided that the following provided between the grandstand and the building. [5000: ] criteria are met: The following shall apply to outdoor grandstand units of Type (a) Nails, lag screws, and wood screws shall not be used for III, Type IV, or Type V construction: demountable joinings. (1) No outdoor grandstand unit shall exceed 10,000 ft 2 (929 m 2 ) or (b) Nails, lag screws, and wood screws shall not be used where 200 ft (61.0 m) in length. their loosening or splitting of surrounding wood would (2) Grandstand units of the maximum size shall be placed not less jeopardize the structure or its occupants. than 20 ft (6.1 m) apart or shall be separated by walls with a 1- (2) Members in tension shall be connected at each end by not less hour fire resistance rating. than two bolts, rivets, or lag screws or by approved connectors or (3) Not more than three units shall be erected in any one group. other approved devices. (4) Each group of less than three units shall be separated from any (3) All ferrous fastenings and fastening devices shall be stainless other group by a wall of 2-hour fire resistance-rated construction steel or hot-dipped galvanized in accordance with ASTM A 153, extending 2 ft (0.6 m) above the seat platforms or by an open Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and space of not less than 50 ft (15.2 m). Steel Hardware. [5000: ] (5) Where entirely constructed of labeled fire retardant treated 5.9 Spaces Underneath Grandstands. Spaces underneath a wood that has passed the standard rain test in ASTM D 2898, grandstand shall be kept free of flammable or combustible materials, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire- unless protected by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing, or where constructed system in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of of members conforming to dimensions for heavy timber Sprinkler Systems.] construction [Type IV (2HH)], the area or length specified by (1) This requirement shall not apply to accessory uses of 300 ft 5.7.2(1) shall be permitted to be doubled. [5000: ] (28 m 2 ) or less where of noncombustible, limited-combustible, or The highest level of seat platforms above the ground or the fire-resistive construction, such as ticket booths, toilet facilities, surface at the front of the grandstand shall be as follows: or concession booths, in otherwise nonsprinklered facilities. (1) Grandstands of Type III, Type IV, or Type V construction not (2) This requirement shall not apply to rooms enclosed in not less more than 20 ft (6.1 m) than 1-hour fire resistance rated construction that are of less (2) Portable grandstands of Type III, Type IV, or Type V than 1000 ft 2 (93 m 2 ) in otherwise nonsprinklered facilities. construction within tents or membrane structures not more than [5000: ] 12 ft (3.7 m) [5000: ] Where entirely constructed of labeled fire retardant treated wood that has passed the standard rain test in ASTM D 2898 or where constructed of members conforming to dimensions for heavy timber construction [Type IV (2HH)], the heights specified by shall be permitted to be doubled. [5000: ] 5.8 Special Requirements Portable Grandstands. Portable grandstands shall conform to the requirements of this chapter for grandstands and the special requirements of Section 5.8. [5000: ] General. Portable grandstands shall comply with the following: (1) Portable grandstands shall be self-contained, having within them all necessary parts to withstand and restrain all forces that might be developed during human occupancy. (2) Portable grandstands shall be designed and manufactured so that, if any structural members required for the strength and stability of the structure have been omitted during erection, the presence of unused connection fittings shall make the omissions self-evident. (3) The construction shall produce the strength required by the design Maintenance. Maintenance shall be provided as follows: (1) The owner shall provide for not less than annual inspection and required maintenance of each grandstand to ensure safe conditions. (2) At least biannually, the inspection shall be performed by a professional engineer or registered architect. (3) Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, the owner shall provide certification that both inspections have been performed. [5000:32.7.7] Chapter 6 Folding and Telescopic Seating 6.1 Application. Folding and telescopic seating shall be permitted only if the supporting structure has been designed to handle the loading and has the exit facilities to accommodate the occupants of the seating, as well as all other occupants. [5000: ] 6.2 Design. [5000: ] Structural Loading. The design of folding and telescopic seating shall withstand the structural loading requirements of Chapter 35 of NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code. [5000: ]

8 6.2.2 Load Tests. Load tests in accordance with accepted center of the seat or seat board surface, whichever is adjacent, shall be engineering practice shall be permitted in lieu of the design analysis provided along those portions of the backs and ends of all folding and for a seating unit or part thereof. [5000: ] telescopic seating where the seats are more than 4 ft (1.2 m) above the Manufacturer Requirements. The manufacturer shall comply floor or ground. [5000: ] with the requirements of and [5000: ] The requirement of shall not apply where an adjacent wall Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, the or fence affords equivalent safeguard. [5000: ] manufacturer shall submit either of the following: Where the front footrest of folding or telescopic seating is more (1) Calculations verifying the design analysis prepared by a than 2 ft (0.6 m) above the floor, railings or guards not less than 33 professional engineer or registered architect in. (84 cm) above such footrests shall be provided. [5000: ] (2) Report of load tests conducted by an approved, independent The railings required by shall be permitted to be not testing laboratory and certified by a professional engineer [5000: less than 26 in. (66 cm) high where the front row of seats includes ] backrests. [5000: ] Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, Cross aisles located within the seating area shall be provided the manufacturer shall certify that the equipment supplied is in with rails not less than 26 in. (66 cm) high along the front edge of the accordance with the design or is essentially identical to the structure cross aisle. [5000: ] tested. [5000: ] The railings specified by shall not be required where the 6.3 Review and Approval. [5000: ] backs of the seats in front of the cross aisle project 24 in. (61 cm) or more above the surface of the cross aisle. [5000: ] Design and installation drawings shall be approved prior to installation, and seating shall be installed in conformance with such Vertical openings between guardrails and footboards or seat drawings. [5000: ] boards shall be provided with intermediate construction so that a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass through the opening. [5000: The drawings shall include the following: ] (1) Conformance with approved designs, which are permitted An opening between the seat board and footboard located more to refer to approved standard drawings, with any variations than 30 in. (76 cm) above grade shall be provided with intermediate applicable to the job noted construction so that a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass (2) Location of the folding or telescopic seating units and details of through the opening. [5000: ] attachments, if any 6.6 Maintenance and Operation of Folding and Telescopic (3) Location of guards and details thereof [5000: ] Seating. [101: ] The owner, or the ownerʼs duly authorized representative, shall Instructions in both maintenance and operation shall be file with the authority having jurisdiction evidence of the following: transmitted to the owner by the manufacturer of the seating or his or (1) Capability of means of egress to accommodate the occupants of her representative. [101: ] the seating, as well as all other occupants, based on Chapter Maintenance and operation of folding and telescopic seating of NFPA shall be the responsibility of the owner or his or her duly authorized (2) Structural capacity of the site to support the folding and representative and shall include the following: telescopic seating dead loads when closed and also to support the (1) During operation of the folding and telescopic seats, the opening dead loads and live loads when open [5000: ] and closing shall be supervised by responsible personnel 6.4 Seating. [5000: ] who shall ensure that the operation is in accordance with the manufacturerʼs instructions The horizontal distance of seats, measured back-to-back, shall be not less than 22 in. (55.9 cm) for seats without backs, and the (2) Only attachments specifically approved by the manufacturer for following requirements shall also apply: the specific installation shall be attached to the seating. (1) There shall be a space of not less than 12 in. (30.5 cm) between (3) An annual inspection and required maintenance of each the back of each seat and the front of each seat immediately grandstand shall be performed to ensure safe conditions. At least behind it. biennially, the inspection shall be performed by a professional engineer, registered architect, or individual certified by the (2) If seats are of the chair type, the 12-in. (30.5-cm) dimension manufacturer. [101: ] shall be measured to the front edge of the rear seat in its normal, unoccupied position. Chapter 7 Membrane Structures (3) All measurements shall be taken between plumb lines. [5000: 7.1 General. [5000:32.2.1] ] Scope. Chapter 7 shall apply to permanent air-supported, airinflated, and tensioned-membrane structures, collectively known as The depth of footboards (footrests) and seat boards in folding and telescopic seating shall be not less than 9 in. (22.9 cm). [5000: membrane structures, that are used as complete buildings and as roofs ] Where the same level is not used for both seat foundations and footrests, footrests independent of seats shall be provided. [5000: ] Individual chair-type seats shall be permitted in folding and telescopic seating only if firmly secured in groups of not less than three. [5000: ] The maximum number of seats permitted between the furthest seat in an aisle in folding and telescopic seating shall not exceed that shown in Table [5000: ] An opening between the seat board and footboard located more than 30 in. (76 cm) above grade shall be provided with intermediate construction so that a 4-in. (10.2-cm) diameter sphere cannot pass through the opening. [5000: ] 6.5 Guards and Railings. [5000: ] Guards. Guards in accordance with Chapter 11 of NFPA 5000 shall be provided at the open sides of means of egress that exceed 30 in. (76 cm) above the floor or grade below, except as otherwise permitted by through [5000:11.1.8] Railings or guards not less than 42 in. (107 cm) above the aisle surface or footrest, or not less than 36 in. (91 cm) vertically above the or other portions of buildings or other types of construction, and the following also shall apply: (1) Membrane structures also shall comply with the applicable provisions of NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code. (2) Temporary membrane structures shall comply with Section 7.5. [5000: ] General. Membrane structures that provide the complete enclosure for the occupied space shall be considered as complete buildings and subject to the requirements of Chapter 7 of NFPA [5000: ] Height. Membrane structures shall be limited to one story in height, but height shall not be limited in number of feet. [5000: ] Area. For determining allowable area, the construction type for a membrane structure shall be based on the support system. [5000: ] Air-supported membrane structures shall not exceed the allowable areas listed in Chapter 7 of NFPA 5000 for Type II(000) unprotected construction. [5000: ] Area increases in accordance with Chapter 7 of NFPA 5000 shall be permitted. [5000: ]