An Introduction to NetLogo
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1 AnthropologischeGesellschaftWien An Introduction to NetLogo Gabriel Wurzer, Vienna University of Technology
2 Netlogo free* agent-based simulation environment by Uri Wilensky, Northwestern University, which is based on programming language Logo by Seymour Papert, MIT which is based on programming language Lisp by John McCarthy, Stanford Wilensky 1999 Papert 1968 * McCarthy 1958 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 2, Vienna.
3 Netlogo is a discrete simulation Simulation environment with discretized world ( patches ), on which agents ( turtles ) perform actions in discrete time steps ( ticks ) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 3, Vienna.
4 What NetLogo is used for Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 4, Vienna.
5 And in archeology? Janssen 2010: Population aggregation in ancient arid environments Adaptation of prehistoric societies to changing conditions of landscape Janssen 2009: Understanding Artificial Anasazi population simulation for the Long House Vallay, AZ, ) Kowarik et al. 2008: Mining with Agents agent-based modeling of the bronze age salt mine of Hallstatt, BC Kowarik et al Janssen 2010 Janssen 2009 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 5, Vienna.
6 THE NETLOGO ENVIRONMENT
7 Main screen of a model simulation performed in interface area documentation area lists what to do with the model programming is done in the procedures area world discretized into grid, visible in center of screen for simulation for documentation world (grid) for code Model Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 7, Vienna.
8 Co-ordinate space origin (0,0) in middle of grid X+ right, Y+ up world composed of grid cells ( patches ) each patch is identified by the coordinate at its center, Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 8, Vienna.
9 Co-ordinate space origin (0,0) in middle of grid X+ right, Y+ up world composed of grid cells ( patches ) each patch is identified by the coordinate at its center, e.g. patch 0 0 at origin Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 9, Vienna.
10 Co-ordinate space origin (0,0) in middle of grid X+ right, Y+ up world composed of grid cells ( patches ) each patch is identified by the coordinate at its center, e.g. patch 0 0 at origin patch 1 1 elsewhere Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 10, Vienna.
11 PROPERTIES AND ABILITIES OF TURTLES
12 Turtles are... movable entities within the netlogo world heading degrees - 0 is north, 90 east, etc. xcor ycor - in grid coordinates - e.g. 0, 0 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 12, Vienna.
13 Turtles are... movable entities within the netlogo world heading degrees - 0 is north, 90 east, etc. xcor ycor - in grid coordinates - e.g. 0, 0 or 0.5, 0.5 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 13, Vienna.
14 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. default size color Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 14, Vienna.
15 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. default or person size - relative to patch size - 1 is the default color Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 15, Vienna.
16 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. default or person size - relative to patch size - 1 is the default - but can be 2 as well color - e.g. RED, GREEN, BLUE Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 16, Vienna.
17 Turtles are... taking form (they represent an active, animated entity) shape - e.g. default or person size - relative to patch size - 1 is the default - but can be 2 as well color - e.g. RED, GREEN, BLUE or MAGENTA Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 17, Vienna.
18 Turtles are... by default visible, but can be hidden as well hidden? - true or false Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 18, Vienna.
19 Properties who heading - unique id for each turtle in NetLogo xcor ycor turtle 0 shape size color hidden? Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 19, Vienna.
20 Commands create-turtles 1 observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 20, Vienna.
21 Commands turtle 0 inspect turtle 0 observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 21, Vienna.
22 Commands who heading xcor ycor turtle 0 shape size observer color hidden? Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 22, Vienna.
23 Your turn Start NetLogo 2. In the observer> input box, enter create-turtles 1 3. in the same location, enter inspect turtle 0 4. enter RED as color, 0 as heading 1 as xcor 1 as ycor person as shape create-turtles 1 inspect turtle 0 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 23, Vienna.
24 A closer look at the inspected properties... who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? numbers (e.g. 0) Booleans (true or false) strings (e.g. person ) turtle 0 note the parantheses! Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 24, Vienna.
25 Data types Numbers, Booleans and strings are data types Each data type has its own syntax (e.g. xyz for strings) Each data type has its own benefits numbers are made for calculations (+, -, /, *, sin, cos, etc.) Booleans are made for conditions (if hidden?...) strings are made for supplying names (e.g. use the default shape) In detail numbers ordinal type (1,2,3) comparison: (1<2) operators: +,-,*,/ Booleans truth type (true, false) comparison: (true!= false) operators: and, or, not strings character chains ( abra ) comparison test!= abra operators: concatenation ( abra + cadabra = abracadabra ) slicing ( abracadabra [4:6] = cad ) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 25, Vienna.
26 The ask command who heading xcor ycor shape size Observer called, asking me to... turtle 0 ask turtle 0 [ ] observer color hidden? Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 26, Vienna.
27 The set command who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? turtle 0 ask turtle 0 [ set color blue ] observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 27, Vienna.
28 The set command who heading xcor ycor turtle 0 shape size observer color hidden? Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 28, Vienna.
29 Ask explained The ask command calls a set of turtles or patches, passing commands to them These commands are supplied in brackes, i.e. ask somebody [ do this do that ] The commands are executed by the called turtle or patch, and influence its properties Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 29, Vienna.
30 Context Because observer, turtles and patches are inherently different, only commands that the called entity understands can be issued who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? turtle 0 ask turtle 0 [ ] create-turtles 1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 30, Vienna.
31 Context Because observer, turtles and patches are inherently different, only commands that the called entity understands can be issued who heading xcor YOU KNOW PRETTY WELL THAT ONLY OBSERVER CAN CREATE TURTLES #*! ask turtle 0 [ ycor shape size color hidden? ] create-turtles 1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 31, Vienna.
32 Context Because observer, turtles and patches are inherently different, only commands that the called entity understands can be issued who heading xcor ycor shape size color hidden? Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 32, Vienna.
33 Commands for turtles set property value sets a property to a specified value forward patch-units, back patch-units moves a turtle in the current direction left degrees, right degrees alters the heading of a turtle...and every other command listed in the Netlogo Dictionary under Turtle-related (see: Menu - Help NetLogo Dictionary) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 33, Vienna.
34 Have you seen it? The NetLogo Dictionary is NetLogo s central source for help. Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 34, Vienna.
35 Hands on! 1. let observer ask turtle 0 - to set its property color to yellow - to issue the following commands: forward 1 left 45 forward 1 2. see for yourself what happens when you run: ask turtle 0 [create-turtles 1] 3. look inside the NetLogo Dictionary and find the meaning of the following commands: - pen-up, pen-down then, experiment with these using forward, left and right as additional commands! Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 35, Vienna.
36 Results (Probably) pen-down and pen-up change the state of a property named pen-mode color of track equals color of turtle thickness of track can be set using the property pen-size (also found in a turtle) observer may erase the tracks by using the command cleardrawing or everything including turtles with clear-all pen-up pen-down pen-mode up or down clear-drawing clear-all pen-size a number (default is 1) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 36, Vienna.
37 Summing up Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 37, Vienna.
38 WRITING PROGRAMS
39 General NetLogo program layout 1. set up the program (once), e.g. clear everything, set the environment create agents 2. simulation loop (called repeatedly) simulate world e.g. grain growth on patches simulate agent behaviour e.g. movement, interaction update charts & plots Example from Models Library 1. open the Models Library 1. type histogram and choose Histogram Example Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 39, Vienna.
40 Exploring the Histogram Example buttons plot world the two buttons setup and go are used to interact with the model setup clears and fills the world, go simulates and generates the histogram (repeatedly, in time steps ticks ) click setup, then go Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 40, Vienna.
41 Forever or not forever 0. (Unpress the go button) 1. Right-click on the go button 2. Select Edit A dialog appears 4. Unclick Forever 5. Choose OK click on setup, then go Buttons are used to call setup and simulation routine Choosing Forever on a button will repeatedly call it, therefore establishing a loop Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 41, Vienna.
42 Behind the scenes (clear) (create turtles) (move turtles) 1. Go to the procedures tab 2. observe the two routines to setup and to go, that contain the actual code that is performed for setting up and performing a sim step 3. note how these routines are called from the buttons:... Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 42, Vienna.
43 Procedures to setup...commands... end to go...commands... end A set of commands is structured into logical units called Procedures that always have the syntax to name of procedure commands end Note that the commands in a are the same as were entered in command center (observer>) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 43, Vienna.
44 Writing the first program 1. Choose File New 2. Go to Procedures tab 3. Type the following code: to setup clear-all create-turtles 1 end ;start of setup ;clear world ;create turtle ;end of setup to go ;start of go ask turtle 0 [ ;ask the turtle forward 1 ;move fwd 1 unit ] ;end of ask end ;end of go These are comments, starting with Comments are ignored by NetLogo, but may help in understanding your code A common approach is comment before code Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 44, Vienna.
45 Connecting the program to the user interface 1. On the Interface tab, choose Add ( Button must be selected in the neighboring dropdown) 2. Click anywhere within the white space to insert a button 3. A dialog appears 4. Enter setup in the Commands textfield and hit the OK button 5. Insert another button (using the same steps), enter go in Commands and enable Forever, then choose OK. press the setup button, then go Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 45, Vienna.
46 Introducing many turtles (battle plan) The presented program is now extended in order to create a whole population of turtles: introduce a slider named num-turtles which sets the number of turtles to create use this value in setup get hold of all turtles and tell them to set their heading, color and shape to a defined value furthermore, distribute all turtles over the available world Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 46, Vienna.
47 Adding a slider 1. In the Interface tab, click on the dropdown where Button is shown, in order to expose all available interface components. 2. Choose Slider 3. Click Add and click within the white space in order to add the slider 4. In the appearing dialog, add num-turtles in the Global variable textfield: Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 47, Vienna.
48 Creating num-turtles 1. change setup as given below to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles end 2. run the changed procedure using the setup button 3. take note of the dozens of turtles created using inspect (right mouse click on the turtles) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 48, Vienna.
49 Global variables The value of the slider num-turtles is available within the code by giving its name. We call this a global variable. There a four options for defining global variables which are controllable via the user interface: Produces a number within the range set in the Slider dialog Produces a Boolean (true or false) Can produce any data type, depending on the list of values entered in the Chooser dialog Can produce a number, string or color, depending on the set data type given in the Input dialog Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 49, Vienna.
50 Asking all turtles If all turtles should be asked, the term ask turtles is used: to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles ask turtles [ set color RED set shape person set heading 0 ] end The contained commands are in line with the battle plan for extending the program, i.e. to give the turtles common form Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 50, Vienna.
51 Why we need reporters As can be seen, the turtles all stick to the origin (0, 0) What is needed is a piece of code that puts each turtle in a random location of the world, something like: ask turtles [... set xcor to some random x-coordinate set ycor to some random y-coordinate... ] There are two commands which are made for this purpose, which we will be dealing with in due course: random-xcor and random-ycor Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 51, Vienna.
52 Introducing reporters The presented commands are called reporters. They compute a value (in this case: a number representing a random co-ordinate) and pass it to the caller: ask turtles [... set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor... ] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 52, Vienna.
53 Another run Try out the new setup code: to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles ask turtles [ set color RED set shape person set heading 0 set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor ] end Hint: you can also execute a procedure by typing its name into the command center Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 53, Vienna.
54 Comparing reporters to global variables reporter can be used as placeholder for a concrete value global variable can be used as placeholder for a concrete value value is produced by computation (e.g. generate random position) value is produced by the user (e.g. by adjusting a slider) or is predefined (see further down) may need to pass parameters needed for computation, e.g.: sin 30 a parameter is just a value you can refer to, e.g.: num-turtles pi Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 54, Vienna.
55 Asking immediately at creation time (Hint) Instead of creating and then asking the turtles... to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles ask turtles [ ] end set color RED set shape person set heading 0 set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor You may also use the more convenient form... to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles [ ] end ; and tell them immediately to... set color RED set shape person set heading 0 set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 55, Vienna.
56 ADRESSING SETS OF TURTLES
57 So far... ask turtle 0 [ ] observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 57, Vienna.
58 So far... ask turtles [ ] observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 58, Vienna.
![The with query Can address turtles based on their properties using a with query: ask turtles with [ycor > 0] [ ]](/docs-images/82/86595290/images/59-0.jpg "observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 59,")
59 The with query Can address turtles based on their properties using a with query: ask turtles with [ycor > 0] [ ] observer Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 59, Vienna.
60 With in a nutshell with takes arbitrary criteria as boolean conditions, e.g. with [ycor > 0] with [ycor > 0 and xcor < 0] with [ycor > 0 or xcor < 0] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 60, Vienna.
61 Boolean conditions? You need to formulate a query which produces true or false, for numbers, use comparisons (>, <, >=, <=,!=) for Booleans, also use comparisons (=,!=), i.e. turtles with [hidden? = true] turtles with [hidden?!= true] strings can use string comparisons (=,!=), e.g. turtles with [shape = person ] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 61, Vienna.
62 Logical operators You can also use the logical operators and, or and not to tie multiple conditions together or negate their result: Logical operator condition 1 and condition 2 condition 1 or condition 2 not condition Usage All conditions linked by and are required One condition among those linked by or is required The opposite of the following condition is taken Example (shape = person ) and (ycor > 0) and (xcor < 0) (ycor > 0) or (xcor < 0) not (shape = person ) Note: it is sometimes necessary to use brackets for each condition (e.g. in not shape = person ) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 62, Vienna.
63 Simplified Boolean conditions (Hint) Instead of writing turtles with [hidden? = true] you can use the short form: turtles with [hidden?] Instead of writing turtles with [hidden? = false] you can use the short form: turtles with [not hidden?] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 63, Vienna.
64 Hands on... to setup clear-all create-turtles num-turtles [ set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor set color BLUE ] ask turtles with[ycor >= 0][ set shape "person" set color RED ] end to go ask turtles with[shape = "person"] [ forward 1 ] end setup changes turtles in two steps: at creation, all turtles are set to color blue. then, those turtles that have a positive y coordinate are set to color red and shape person go will only move the person turtles Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 64, Vienna.
65 Further thoughts on the program have visually introduced two distinct groups of turtles it would be more elegant to explicitly name the groups rather than changing shapes of turtles additional benefit: each group could have additional properties Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 65, Vienna.
66 So we come to bree ds NetLogo predefines one breed of agents called turtles As programmer, you are free to define more breeds using the breed keyword: breed [persons person] plural singular A breed has every property a turtle has. It can additionally define a set of properties specific to that group. Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 66, Vienna.
![Defining additional properties Additional properties for each breed may be defined using the breed name plural-own statement: breed [persons person] persons-own [ ] age To generate turtles belonging](/docs-images/82/86595290/images/67-1.jpg "to a certain breed, use create-breed name plural rather than create-turtles : create-persons 1 [ set shape person set age 0 ] It is good coding practice to set the additional properties of a breed to")
67 Defining additional properties Additional properties for each breed may be defined using the breed name plural-own statement: breed [persons person] persons-own [ ] age To generate turtles belonging to a certain breed, use create-breed name plural rather than create-turtles : create-persons 1 [ set shape person set age 0 ] It is good coding practice to set the additional properties of a breed to sensible default values at creation time Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 67, Vienna.
68 Adressing members of a breed Similar to the case of turtles, a new breed can be adresses as a whole or by naming a specific agent: turtles breed ask turtles with [...] [... ] ask turtle 0 [... ] persons breed ask persons with [...] [... ] ask person 0 [... ] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 68, Vienna.
69 Putting it into practice (your turn)... breed [persons person] persons-own [ ] age to setup clear-all end The following code is a rewrite of the previous program Before procedures start, a new breed persons is declared and given the additional property age Setup only clears the world Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 69, Vienna.
70 Putting it into practice (your turn)... to go create-persons num-turtles [ set xcor random-xcor set ycor random-ycor set color RED set age 0 ] ask persons [ set age (age + 1) ] ask persons with [age > 80][ ] end die In every step, persons are born A simulation step represents a year. Therefore, the property age of each person is incremented. Then, all persons older than 80 die (new command) Note: You need to set num-turtles to a fairly small value (e.g. 2) in order to avoid a too high number of active people Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 70, Vienna.
71 Concluding notes The turtle breed is predefined but extensible: You can add new properties using turtles-own [... ], however, remember that all properties are inherited to the other breeds as well Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 71, Vienna.
72 PATCHES
73 Introducing patches Patches are an own (predefined) breed with the following properties: pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 patch 0 0 patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 73, Vienna.
74 Adressing patches All patches can be adressed using the breed-name patches pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patches [ set pcolor RED patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 74, Vienna.
75 Adressing patches All patches can be adressed using the breed-name patches pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patches [ set pcolor RED patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 75, Vienna.
76 Adressing patches All patches can be adressed using the breed-name patches pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 patch 0 0 patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 76, Vienna.
77 Adressing patches In contrast to turtles, individual patches are adressed using their coordinates pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patch 0 0 [ set pcolor SKY patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 77, Vienna.
78 Adressing patches In contrast to turtles, individual patches are adressed using their coordinates pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 ask patch 0 0 [ set pcolor SKY patch 0 0 ] patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 78, Vienna.
79 Adressing patches In contrast to turtles, individual patches are adressed using their coordinates pxcor pycor patch -1 1 patch 0 1 patch 1 1 pcolor patch -1 0 patch 0 0 patch 1 0 patch -1-1 patch 0-1 patch 1-1 Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 79, Vienna.
![Extending patches Additional properties can be specified via patches-own: patches-own [ ] soil-type However, there is no possibility of declaring additional patch breeds that inherit from patches.](/docs-images/82/86595290/images/80-3.jpg "Furthermore, patches are not created using")
80 Extending patches Additional properties can be specified via patches-own: patches-own [ ] soil-type However, there is no possibility of declaring additional patch breeds that inherit from patches. Furthermore, patches are not created using code (e.g. via create-patches 1) but by using the settings window of NetLogo Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 80, Vienna.
81 Hands on! patches-own [ soil-type ] to setup clear-all ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 ] ask patches with [soil-type = 1][ set pcolor YELLOW ] end 1. Start a new program by entering the code visible to the left in the Procedures tab 2. Notice the new reporter random, and look up help for it in the NetLogo Dictionary. What does it do? Why random 2? 3. After having finished the code, call setup using the Command Center Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 81, Vienna.
![Code improvements If the color of each patch could be set in the following fashion: ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 set pcolor to either yellow or black, depending on soil-type ] the second](/docs-images/82/86595290/images/82-3.jpg "ask could be eliminated The question is: how do we assign either yellow or black?")
82 Code improvements If the color of each patch could be set in the following fashion: ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 set pcolor to either yellow or black, depending on soil-type ] the second ask could be eliminated The question is: how do we assign either yellow or black?, Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 82, Vienna.
83 Enter the if statement The if statement is used to test for a Boolean condition. If this yields true, NetLogo will run a series of commands: ] ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 if soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ] General syntax for ifs: if condition [ commands to execute if the condition applies ] in all other cases, the patch color remains as it is (black) Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 83, Vienna.
84 The ifelse statement Should the patch color be either yellow (when soil-type is 1) or sky (in all other cases), an ifelse statement can be used: ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 ifelse soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ][ set pcolor SKY ] ] this happens when the condition is not true General syntax for ifelse: ifelse condition [ commands to execute if condition applies ][ commands to execute if condition does not apply ] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 84, Vienna.
![soil-type random 2 ] end ifelse soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ][ set](/docs-images/82/86595290/images/85-3.jpg "pcolor SKY ] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in")
85 Program using ifelse... patches-own [ soil-type ] to setup clear-all ask patches [ set soil-type random 2 ] end ifelse soil-type = 1 [ set pcolor YELLOW ][ set pcolor SKY ] Gabriel Wurzer: An Introduction to NetLogo, in Agents in Archeology Workshop 2011, Netlogo Lecture, Slide 85, Vienna.
86 END OF TUTORIAL - BEGIN OF PRACTICAL WORK THANK YOU!
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