Complexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change

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1 Complexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change

2 METHODOS SERIES VOLUME 7 Editor DANIEL COURGEAU, Institut National d Études Démographiques ROBERT FRANCK, Université Catholique de Louvain Editorial Advisory Board PETER ABELL, London School of Economics PATRICK DOREIAN, University of Pittsburgh SANDER GREENLAND, UCLA School of Public Health RAY PAWSON, Leeds University CEES VAN DER EIJK, University of Amsterdam BERNARD WALLISER, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris BJÖRN WITTROCK, Uppsala University GUILLAUME WUNSCH, Université Catholique de Louvain This Book Series is devoted to examining and solving the major methodological problems social sciences are facing. Take for example the gap between empirical and theoretical research, the explanatory power of models, the relevance of multilevel analysis, the weakness of cumulative knowledge, the role of ordinary knowledge in the research process, or the place which should be reserved to time, change and history when explaining social facts. These problems are well known and yet they are seldom treated in depth in scientific literature because of their general nature. So that these problems may be examined and solutions found, the series prompts and fosters the setting-up of international multidisciplinary research teams, and it is work by these teams that appears in the Book Series. The series can also host books produced by a single author which follow the same objectives. Proposals for manuscripts and plans for collective books will be carefully examined. The epistemological scope of these methodological problems is obvious and resorting to Philosophy of Science becomes a necessity. The main objective of the Series remains however the methodological solutions that can be applied to the problems in hand. Therefore the books of the Series are closely connected to the research practices. For further volumes:

3 David Lane Denise Pumain Sander Ernst van der Leeuw Geoffrey West (Editors) Complexity Perspectives in Innovation and Social Change 123

4 Editors Prof. David Lane Università Modena e Reggio Emilia Fac. Economia Viale Berengario, Modena Italy lane@unimo.it Prof. Denise Pumain Universités Paris 1 CNRS UMR Géographie-Cités 13 rue du Four Paris France pumain@parisgeo.cnrs.fr Prof. Sander Ernst van der Leeuw Arizona State University School of Human Evolution & Social Change Tempe AZ USA vanderle@asu.edu Prof. Geoffrey West Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Road Santa Fe NM USA gbw@santafe.edu ISBN: e-isbn: DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: c Springer Science+Business Media B.V No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

5 Contents Introduction... 1 David Lane, Denise Pumain and Sander van der Leeuw Part I From Biology to Society 1 From Population to Organization Thinking David Lane, Robert Maxfield, Dwight Read and Sander van der Leeuw 2 The Innovation Innovation Dwight Read, David Lane and Sander van der Leeuw 3 The Long-Term Evolution of Social Organization Sander van der Leeuw, David Lane and Dwight Read 4 Biological Metaphors in Economics: Natural Selection and Competition Andrea Ginzburg 5 Innovation in the Context of Networks, Hierarchies, and Cohesion Douglas R. White Part II Innovation and Urban Systems 6 The Organization of Urban Systems Anne Bretagnolle, Denise Pumain and Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo 7 The Self Similarity of Human Social Organization and Dynamics in Cities Luís M.A. Bettencourt, José Lobo and Geoffrey B. West 8 Innovation Cycles and Urban Dynamics Denise Pumain, Fabien Paulus and Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo v

6 vi Contents Part III Innovation and Market Systems 9 Building a New Market System: Effective Action, Redirection and Generative Relationships David Lane and Robert Maxfield 10 Incorporating a New Technology into Agent-Artifact Space: The Case of Control System Automation in Europe Federica Rossi, Paolo Bertossi, Paolo Gurisatti and Luisa Sovieni 11 Innovation Policy: Levels and Levers Federica Rossi and Margherita Russo Part IV Modeling Innovation and Social Change 12 The Future of Urban Systems: Exploratory Models Denise Pumain, Lena Sanders, Anne Bretagnolle, Benoît Glisse and Hélène Mathian 13 Modeling Innovation Roberto Serra, Marco Villani and David Lane 14 An Agent-Based Model of Information Flows in Social Dynamics Davide Ferrari, Dwight Read and Sander van der Leeuw 15 Exaptive Processes: An Agent Based Model Marco Villani, Stefano Bonacini, Davide Ferrari and Roberto Serra 16 Power Laws in Urban Supply Networks, Social Systems, and Dense Pedestrian Crowds Dirk Helbing, Christian Kühnert, Stefan Lämmer, Anders Johansson, Björn Gehlsen, Hendrik Ammoser and Geoffrey B. West 17 Using Statistical Physics to Understand Relational Space: A Case Study from Mediterranean Prehistory Tim Evans, Carl Knappett and Ray Rivers Conclusion David Lane, Denise Pumain and Sander van der Leeuw Author Index Subject Index...491

7 Contributors Hendrik Ammoser Institute for Transport and Economics, Dresden University of Paolo Bertossi Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy Luís M. A. Bettencourt Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe Institute and Mathematical, Computational & Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Stefano Bonacini Department of Social, Cognitive and Quantitative Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy Anne Bretagnolle Paris, France Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, UFR de Géographie, Tim Evans Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK Davide Ferrari School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA Björn Gehlsen Institute for Transport and Economics, Dresden University of Andrea Ginzburg Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ginzburg@unimore.it Benoît Glisse Paolo Gurisatti Laboratoire LIP6, Université Paris VI, Paris, France Università di Trento, Trento, TN, Italy Dirk Helbing Institute for Transport and Economics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Collegium Budapest Institute for Advanced Study, Szentháromság u. 2, 1014 Budapest, Hungary vii

8 viii Contributors Anders Johansson Institute for Transport and Economics, Dresden University of Carl Knappett Canada Department of Art, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Christian Kühnert Institute for Transport and Economics, Dresden University of Stefan Lämmer Institute for Transport and Economics, Dresden University of David Lane Department of Social, Cognitive and Quantitative Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giglioli Valle, , Reggio Emilia, Italy José Lobo School of Human Evolution and Social Change and W.P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Hélène Mathian Robert Maxfield Fabien Paulus Denise Pumain France CNRS, UMR Géographie-cités, Paris, France Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Université de Strasbourg, UFR de Géographie, Paris, France Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, UFR de Géographie, Paris, Dwight Read Department of Anthropology, University of California in Los Angeles, CA, USA Ray Rivers Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK Federica Rossi Dipartimento di Economia, University of Torino, Torino, Italy Margherita Russo Dipartimento di Economia Politica, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Lena Sanders CNRS, UMR Géographie-cités, Paris, France Roberto Serra Department of Social, Cognitive and Quantitative Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy Luisa Sovieni Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy

9 Contributors Université de Reims, UFR Lettres et Sciences Hu- Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo maines, Reims, France ix Sander Ernst van der Leeuw School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University and Santa fe Institute, AZ, USA Marco Villani Department of Social, Cognitive and Quantitative Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Geoffrey B. West Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe Institute and Mathematical, Computational & Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Douglas R. White USA School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA,

People, Places and Landscapes

People, Places and Landscapes Landscape Series Volume 14 Series Editors: Henri Décamps Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Toulouse, France Bärbel Tress TRESS & TRESS GbR Munich, Germany Gunther