csur-ut Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration Volume 7 Series Editor: Shinichiro Ohgaki, Tokyo, Japan

Transcription

1 csur-ut Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration Volume 7 Series Editor: Shinichiro Ohgaki, Tokyo, Japan

2 csur-ut Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration By the process of urban development in the 20th century, characterized by suburban expansion and urban redevelopment, many huge and sophisticated complexes of urban structures have been erected in developed countries. However, with conventional technologies focused on the construction of structures, it has become difficult to keep urban spaces adaptable to environmental constraints and economic, social and cultural changes. In other words, it has become difficult for conventional technologies to meet social demands for the upgrading of social capital in a sustainable manner and for the regeneration of attractive urban space that is not only safe and highly efficient but also conscious of historical, cultural and local identities to guarantee a high quality of life for all. Therefore, what is needed now is the creation of a new discipline that is able to reorganize the existing social capital and the technologies to implement it. For this purpose, there is a need to go beyond the boundaries of conventional technologies of construction and structural design and to integrate the following technologies: (1) Technology concerned with environmental and risk management (2) Technology of conservation and regeneration with due consideration to the local characteristics of existing structures including historical and cultural resources (3) Technologies of communication, consensus building, plan making and space management to coordinate and integrate the individual activities initiated by various actors of society Up to now, architecture, civil engineering, and urban engineering in their respective fields have, while dealing with different time-space scales and structures, accumulated cutting-edge knowledge and contributed to the formation of favorable urban spaces. In the past, when emphasis was put on developing new residential areas and constructing new structures, development and advancement of such specialized disciplines were found to be the most effective. However, current problems confronting urban development can be highlighted by the fact that a set of optimum solutions drawn from the best practices of each discipline is not necessarily the best solution. This is especially true where there are relationships of trade-offs among such issues as human risk and environmental load. In this way, the integration of the above three disciplines is strongly called for. In order to create new integrated knowledge for sustainable urban regeneration, the Center for Sustainable Urban Regeneration (csur),, was established in 2003 as a core organization of one of the 21st Century Centers of Excellence Programs funded by the Ministry of Education and Science, Japan, and csur has coordinated international research alliances and collaboratively engages with common issues of sustainable urban regeneration. The csur series are edited and published to present the achievements of our collaborative research and new integrated approaches toward sustainable urban regeneration. Editorial board of the csur series Chair: Prof. Shinichiro Ohgaki, Members: Prof. Keisuke Hanaki, Prof. Yuzo Sakamoto Department of Architecture, Prof. Yozo Fujino Department of Civil Engineering, Prof. Hiroshi Naito Department of Civil Engineering, Prof. Hitoshi Ieda Department of Civil Engineering, Prof. Takeshi Ito Department of Architecture, Prof. Shuichi Matsumura Department of Architecture, Assoc. Prof. Takafumi Noguchi Department of Architecture, Prof. Atsuyuki Okabe, Assoc. Prof. Yukio Sadahiro, Director: Prof. Junichiro Okata,

3 T. Kidokoro, N. Harata, L. P. Subanu, J. Jessen, A. Motte, E. P. Seltzer (Eds.) Sustainable City Regions: Space, Place and Governance

4 Tetsuo Kidokoro, Ph.D. Associate Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo , Japan Leksono Probo Subanu, Ph.D. & Director Center for Studies in Regional Development Planning Gadjah Mada University Jl.Socio Yustisia, Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Alain Motte, Doctorat d'etat Institute of Regional Planning Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III 2 Avenue Henri Poncet Aix en Provence Cedex I, France Noboru Harata, Ph.D Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo , Japan Johann Jessen, Dr. Institute of Urban Planning and Design University of Stuttgart Keplerstr. 11, Stuttgart Germany Ethan Paul Seltzer, Ph.D. & Director Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University PO Box 751, Portland OR , USA Cover photos: (Upper) Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Norihisa Shima (Lower) Matsuyama, Japan; Tetsuo Kidokoro ISSN ISBN e-isbn Library of Congress Control Number: to the complete printed work by Springer, except as noted. Individual authors or their assignees retain rights to their respective contributions; reproduced by permission. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com Printed in Japan Typesetting: Camera-ready by the editors and authors Printing and binding: Hicom, Japan Printed on acid-free paper

5 Preface The Center for Sustainable Urban Regeneration (csur) at the University of Tokyo has undertaken research on sustainable urban regeneration and the governance of city regions. The objective of the research is to examine the characteristics of the emerging space of global city regions and to discuss possible strategies and forms of governance for those city regions, with a focus on the roles of regional cities as creative hubs of city regions. Three International Workshops on Sustainable Urban Regeneration and Local Governance in Regional Cities were held in order to make a comparative study among city regions in Asia, Europe and the US. The first International Workshop was held in Yogyakarta, Indonesia on 4 March 2005 in collaboration with the Gadjah Mada University, and the second and third International Workshops were held in Tokyo with support from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on 17 January 2006 and 12 January 2007 respectively. The commonalities as well as differences of the selected case city regions were discussed in depth and many useful insights and ideas emerged during the workshops. This book presents the results of these workshops. All contributors presented their papers in the workshops and expanded their initial analysis and ideas based on the discussions at the workshops and subsequent correspondences among the participants. This book has combined empirical and comparative analysis on the governance of city regions in Asia, Europe and the United States, which, we believe, will add a new perspective to discussions on the sustainable future of cities and regions. We hope that the ideas conceived in this book will serve as a useful and thought-provoking resource for researchers, practitioners and students and those who are interested in the nature of emerging city regions and sustainable cities and regions. Tetsuo Kidokoro

6 vi Acknowledgments We would like to thank all of the contributors to this book as well as those who directly or indirectly participated in the comparative case studies for their contributions to the final results of the projects. We would like to give special thanks to Ann Tomoko Yamamoto for her dedicated work as an English editor for this book.

7 Contents Preface Tetsuo Kidokoro List of Contributors v xi Part I. Introduction 1. New Directions in Urban Regeneration and the Governance of City Regions.3 Tetsuo Kidokoro, Akito Murayama, Kensuke Katayama and Norihisa Shima 2. Strategy for a Sustainable Transportation System in City Regions: Strategic Approaches and Consensus Building..23 Noboru Harata Part II. China, Korea, Indonesia, Thailand 3. Governing Urban Development in Dualistic Societies: A Case Study of the Urban Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia 41 Leksono Probo Subanu 4. Problems and Prospects for Sustainable Regeneration of Traditional Markets in Yogyakarta City...61 Kawik Sugiana 5. De Facto Urban Regeneration: A Case Study of Chiang Mai City, Thailand 77 Niramon Kulsrisombat

8 viii 6. Spatial Regeneration and Beyond: Daegu, Korea 101 Shi-Chul Lee and Seungkeun Park 7. Urban Form and Rail Transit Development in Dalian, China.127 Shengchuan Zhao and Zhiwei Yang Part III. Japan 8. Urban Regeneration and the Shift of Planning Approaches: The Case of Japanese Regional Cities Tetsuo Kidokoro 9. Activities of Local Organizations for Downtown Revitalization in Regional Cities.163 Fumihiko Seta 10. Sustainable Regeneration of a Car-dependent City: The Case of Toyama toward a Compact City..183 Kiyoshi Takami and Kiichiro Hatoyama Part IV. Denmark, Germany, France 11. Copenhagen, Denmark: Urban Regeneration at Economic and Social Sustainability Hans Thor Andersen 12. Regional Governance and Urban Regeneration: The Case of the Stuttgart Region, Germany 227 Johann Jessen 13. City-Region Planning and Urban Projects Coexistence or Integration? : The Case of Marseille-Aix in France ( ).247 Alain Motte and Jérôme Dubois

9 ix Part V. America 14. Regional Planning and Local Governance: The Portland Story 277 Ethan Paul Seltzer 15. Sustainable Urban Regeneration in Phoenix, Arizona: Implications for Multi-dimensional Governance 299 Carlos Balsas Part VI. Conclusion 16. Towards Sustainable Regeneration of City Regions..323 Tetsuo Kidokoro, Noboru Harata, Leksono Probo Subanu, Johann Jessen, Alain Motte and Ethan Paul Seltzer

10 List of Contributors Carlos Balsas Assistant School of Planning Arizona State University Jérôme Dubois Institute of Regional Planning Paul Cézanne University Hans Thor Andersen Lecturer Institute for Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Kiichiro Hatoyama Visiting Department of Civil Engineering Noboru Harata Johann Jessen Institute of Urban Planning and Design University of Stuttgart Kensuke Katayama Assistant Tetsuo Kidokoro Associate Niramon Kulsrisombat Lecturer Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Architecture Chulalongkorn University Shi-Chul Lee Assistant Department of Public Administration Kyungpook National University Alain Motte Institute of Regional Planning Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III alain.motte@univ-cezanne.fr

11 xii Akito Murayama Associate Department of Environmental Engineering and Architecture Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Seungkeun Park Visiting Researcher Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology Ethan Paul Seltzer & Director Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning Portland State University Fumihiko Seta Associate Graduate School for Creative Cities Osaka City University Kawik Sugiana & Director Graduate Program in Urban and Regional Planning Gadjah Mada University Kiyoshi Takami Assistant Zhiwei Yang Research Assistant Center for Transportation Research Dalian University of Technology Shengchuan Zhao Director Center for Transportation Research Dalian University of Technology Norihisa Shima Assistant Department of Civil Engineering Tokyo, Japan Leksono Probo Subanu & Director Center for Studies in Regional Development Planning Gadjah Mada University