POTENTIAL CHALLENGES UM & SC Intro to Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities Lab

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1 POTENTIAL CHALLENGES UM & SC Intro to Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities Lab prof.dr.ir. Arjan van Timmeren Urbanism Graduation lab 2016/2017, Delft, Friday September 9th 2016 Rotterdam, City Ports Introduction Lecture 2. 2 Urbanism Graduation Lab Urban Metabolism > 2016/2017 prof.dr.ir. A.van Timmeren Sept. 9 th 2016

2 1. the context... Urban Metabolism intro to UM focus in continuation of the presentation by Alex Wandl Spatial Strategies Urban Transformations 03 June 2013 Sustainable Urban Environments A.van Timmeren Bk/U/EtD 2

3 re think create search use design build write make do consider imagine! A.van Timmeren Faculty of Architecture Department of URBANISM

4 UM and Smart Cities (1) application into research & design HETERONOMY AUTONOMY addressing Metropolitan Challenges and Advanced Metropolitan Solutions use(rs) sustainabi Cities, Infrastructures & urban METABOLISM: (towards) achieving Self-sufficiency (towards) Urban Resilience (towards) Smart Urban Environments (towards) Green & empowered use(rs) 5

Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities (2) application into research & design The times they are a changin At the dawn of the 21st century we are starting to realize that if we plan to see the 22nd century,

We know that the paradigm of infinite growth on a finite planet has come to a close yet, by and large, business continues as usual.

5 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities (2) application into research & design The times they are a changin At the dawn of the 21st century we are starting to realize that if we plan to see the 22nd century, there will be three onerous challenges to overcome: global warming, population growth and resource scarcity. We know that the paradigm of infinite growth on a finite planet has come to a close yet, by and large, business continues as usual. Plentiful cheap energy in the form of fossil fuels has been our saving grace thus far, but how much further can it take us? Hundreds of millions of the previously impoverished are entering a new global middle class and are adopting modern resource intensive lifestyles. The thing is, our society already consumes 1.5 times the planet s capacity to naturally replenish resources so, how will we make ends meet? How must our current infrastructures be altered to ensure the needs of present without compromising the security and prosperity of future generations? For this answer we must look toward our cities, the engines of modern civilization, and their dynamic relationships with one another and the surrounding environment. ISBN ReciproCities: a dynamic equilibrium Prof.dr.ir. Arjan van Timmeren RECIPROCITIES a dynamic equilibrium environmental technology & design Prof.dr.ir. Arjan van Timmeren 6

6 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities (3) involving (quality of-) Urban space & infrastructure(s) DIMI Hamburg, speicherstadt Copenhagen,Sluseholmen 7

7 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities (4) Advanced Metropolitan Solutions joint MIT-TUD-WUR initiative Amsterdam, Canals Copenhagen,Sluseholmen 8

8 JOINT MIT, TUD, WUR INITIATIVE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED METROPOLITAN SOLUTIONS A.van Timmeren

for the complex challenges a metropolitan region like Amsterdam is facing. Now and in the future.

9 AMS Institute [eɪ - ɛm ɛs] is a new scientific institute located in Amsterdam. In this institute science, education, government, business partners and societal organizations are working tightly together to create solutions for the complex challenges a metropolitan region like Amsterdam is facing. Now and in the future. AMS Institute is centred on applied research and design and focuses on the strongholds circular city, vital city and connected city, which is based on urban flows such as water, energy, waste, food, data and mobility, and the integration of these flows.

10 CITY OF AMSTERDAM AS OUR HOME BASE, WITH TEST BEDS AND LIVING LAB AMS-Institute the city of Amsterdam as a Living Laboratory AMS-Institute, Amsterdam

11 HOME OF AMS : THE ROYAL TROPICAL INSTITUTE (KIT), AMSTERDAM Royal Tropical Institute Amsterdam, location of the AMS institute (KIT, 2014)

12 HOME OF AMS : THE ROYAL TROPICAL INSTITUTE (KIT), AMSTERDAM AMS-Institute Royal Tropical Institute Amsterdam / AMS) CC KIT (2014)

13 AMS Institute AMS EDUCATION INITIATIVES FabCity, Javaeiland

14 AMS Institute EDUCATION EVENTS Lecture series Let s Talk Solutions! Graduation project ceremonies

15 16 photo by André Kuipers 6

Polycentric context... ABC triangle Amsterdam - Brussels - Cologne (~ 32 million inhabitants) Goal of UM perspective is: exploring and testing such innovative solutions.

16 Polycentric context... ABC triangle Amsterdam - Brussels - Cologne (~ 32 million inhabitants) Goal of UM perspective is: exploring and testing such innovative solutions. This is not just by reconsidering and redesign of the urban metabolism and its infrastructural, logistical and participatory and co-creative components. It is also about the simultaneous integration of ICT, data generation and data handling. A C B 18

17 Urban Metabolism Amsterdam, a compact city joint MIT-TUD-WUR initiative Amsterdam, KIT >> working location for graduation students (with focus on Advanced Metropolitan Solutions) 19

18 15 5

future cities learnings from the Mayan dispersed urbanisation (joint program) unexpected cross overs Dependance on largely plant diet mobility common gardens-variable canopies (trees, plants,

19 future cities learnings from the Mayan dispersed urbanisation (joint program) unexpected cross overs Dependance on largely plant diet mobility common gardens-variable canopies (trees, plants, grasses, flowers) variable urban layouts (some grids, some aggregations) no tilling no human-grazing animal complex etc. Amsterdam, KIT >> working location for graduation students (with focus on Advanced Metropolitan Solutions) 21

20 2. what & how... potentialities for UM Research & Design innovation focus and directions of solutions towards sustainability Spatial Strategies Urban Transformations 03 June 2013 Sustainable Urban Environments A.van Timmeren Bk/U/EtD 2

21 approach to Urban Metabolism SENSE the city INTEGRATE technology use(r)s perspective DESIGN metropolitan solutions 23

22 approach to UM & SCs research theme application into research & design fundamental re-think, participative development and use strategy; social capital / social learning (transition supporting), cross sectoral approach: multi domain and multi-actor processes co-evolutionary: the niche-level (on which individual actors operate), however incorporating regime players, scale-free thinking, reciprocities of : buildings and infrastructure / city & hinterland / use(rs) & technology / research & design integralness in approach ; design/development and research 25

23 Important contexts UM & SCs addressing to (new) dynamics of cities... 26

24 Important contexts UM & SCs dynamics of cities requires (attempts of) dynamic approaches 27

25 Important contexts UM & SCs dynamics of cities and dynamic approaches / sensoring & GIS 28 source: Hogendoorn et al. (TU Delft)

26 NEC PLUS ULTRA Dubai, Palm Island 29

27 NEC PLUS ULTRA The way we develop cities result in an a priori break from attempts to deviate from the status quo. The growth and densification of interdependent infrastructures that support people, information, water, materials, energy, and waste and the rigidity of current urban planning and design methodologies make our cities increasingly vulnerable to cascading effects caused by anthropogenic climate change Dubai, Palm Island 30

28 Metropolitan Paradigms 1 : INFRASTRUCTURE DRIVES (URBAN) DEVELOPMENT......the future is in the Cloud source: Van Timmeren (TU Delft) 31

29 Metropolitan Paradigms 2 : Cities have been decentralizing, while Utilities have been centralizing 32

30 Ecological Footprint asks for a changing paradigm Metropolitan Paradigms 3 : New resources and alternatives have always been found, while technologies have improved to create additional environmental space... bron: N.Nelson / A.Mels / A.vanTimmeren,

31 Metropolitan Paradigms 4 : societies will always survive Further asymmetrical growth... will ultimately lead to autophagy (and hit the urban poor the first) Cairo, Egypt 34

32 Triple P: equity : the challenges are in the developing world... Source: World Population Prospects: 35

33 UM (urban) Resilience Engineering in(ter)dependency, Climate Adaptation & (Social) Resilience preparations for Sandy... results of Sandy... 36

scarce and nature is abundant... approach: increase labor productivity.

productivity Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution Paul Hawken /

34 Precycling is needed: Urban Mining... back in the nineties; evolution of a revolutionary idea: until than: People are scarce and nature is abundant... approach: increase labor productivity. Natural Capitalism People are abundant and nature is scarce increase resource productivity Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution Paul Hawken / Amory Lovins / L. Hunter Lovins, 1999 The NEXT Industrial Revolution William McDonough & Michael Braungart The Antlantic Monthly, Oct.1998, Vol.282, No.4 pp

35 Animal cell anology for metabolism consume value of spatial entities (buildings, neighborhoods, cities) source: Nelson & Van Timmeren(WUR/TU Delft) 38

36 Animal cell anology for metabolism create value of spatial entities (buildings, neighborhoods, cities) source: Nelson & Van Timmeren(WUR/TU Delft) 39

note: (urban) Metabolism = analogy eco device / system engineering is the actual basis (Odum et al) layered city approach network approach systems approach IN

37 note: (urban) Metabolism = analogy eco device / system engineering is the actual basis (Odum et al) layered city approach network approach systems approach IN (self sufficient) SYSTEM / AREA OUT NOT IN NOT OUT Autonomie & Heteronomie. Integratie en verduurzaming van essentiële stromen in de gebouwde omgeving, Eburon,

38 note: Metabolism = analogy 41 smart & senseable cities > green technologies Industrial Ecosystem (Kalundborg, Denmark)

39 42 METROPOLITAN METABOLISM X REAL TIME FEEDBACK LOOPS = (URBAN) PULSE source: Van Timmeren(TU Delft)

40 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities approach in 3D... from the perspective of sustainable development 43

41 Nijmegen; Room for the River Waal REAP; energy-neutral stap 1: Reduce stap 2: Reuse stap 3: Renewable energy stap 4: Clean usage of fossil fuels Building Cluster Island / District urban river development Municipality of Nijmegen 44

42 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities approach (GIS) data driven-, strategic addressing of (potential) problems Energy Label Quality of Life Index Vulnerability (elderly, 75+) Vulnerability (young children) 45

43 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities approach water, energy, nutrients (adaptation & mitigation) WADI Spoelwater Centrale zuiveringsvijver verzamelvijver Helofytenfilter infiltratie Zwartwater Scheidingsvat Grijswater Zandfilter Oude Lek Zwembad poldersloot Drinkwater Living machine BIOGAS installatie WATERBEDRIJF 46

44 bron: Taeke de Jong Lanxmeer, Culemborg (NL) 47

45 Built environment as synergetical organisms water, energy, nutrients (adaptation & mitigation) from: to: sustainable carbon cycle sustainable (waste)water cycle sustainable carbon cycle sustainable phosphorous cycle (source: Nelson & Van Timmeren) 48

46 Built environment as synergetical organisms water, energy, nutrients (adaptation & mitigation) from: to: sustainable (waste)water cycle (source: Nelson & Van Timmeren) 49

47 Built environment as synergetical organisms water, energy, nutrients (adaptation & mitigation) from: to: sustainable carbon cycle (source: Nelson & Van Timmeren) 50

48 Built environment as synergetical organisms water, energy, nutrients (adaptation & mitigation) from: to: sustainable phosphorous cycle (source: Nelson & Van Timmeren) 51

49 Urban & Architectural Integration of systems optimal scale level; environmental, social, spatial DESAR_EET research, WUR (Zeeman et al.) + TU Delft, Hasselaar / De Graaf / Van Timmeren, 2009/

Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities approach introducing parallel infrastructure

.. Table 1 When sludge is composted When sludge is entered into Living

is entered into Living Machine Table 1: CO2 reduction (kg/hh*year) in case

50 Urban Metabolism & Smart Cities approach introducing parallel infrastructure & cascading systems... Table 1 When sludge is composted When sludge is entered into Living Machine CHP Gas Table 2 When sludge is composted When sludge is entered into Living Machine Table 1: CO2 reduction (kg/hh*year) in case of 250 houses Table 2: Energy saving (GJ/hh*year) in case of 250 houses CHP Gas A 2 t Lanxmeer, Culemborg, NL (Atelier 2T)

51 54

52 55

LINKING WATER MANAGEMENT AND URBAN RENEWAL THE CASE STUDY OF ROTTERDAM. Rutger de Graaf, DeltaSync Rutger van der Brugge, Deltares.

LINKING WATER MANAGEMENT AND URBAN RENEWAL THE CASE STUDY OF ROTTERDAM Rutger de Graaf, DeltaSync Rutger van der Brugge, Deltares Acknowledgements About DeltaSync Innovative TU Delft spin-off company Researchers,