Bagby Airfield : Landscape Proposals Report. January 2009

Transcription

1 Bagby Airfield : Landscape Proposals Report January 009

2 Introduction Landscape Projects have been commissioned to develop proposals for the landscape element of the scheme at Bagby Airfield, Bagby, near Thirsk, North Yorkshire, as part of a development of the aeroclub and airfield facilities. This landscape statement accompanies a full application for planning permission, and should be read in conjunction with the Design and Access Statement prepared for this application. This document establishes a landscape masterplan for the site, illustrating the layout and arrangement of the landscape infrastructure and the hard and soft landscape materials proposed for the development. It establishes a rationale for: 1. the integration of the proposed development into the distinctive landscape of Bagby and the Vale of York.. the landscape plan for the airfield, its landward approaches, and the setting of the new clubhouse. 3. the materials to be used. The document comprises three sections, which outline (1) the context of the development, () a description of the landscape plan and (3) a description of the sustainable systems and materials which will support the landscape and the new developent

3 Landscape Statement Contents 1 Site and Context Landscape Context 5 1. Landscape Description Existing Airfield Existing features Designated Landscapes Site Constraints and Existing Services 7 Landscape Proposals 9.1 Landscape principals 10. Landscape description 11.3 Entrance and Access Road 17.4 Clubhouse landscape 19.5 Reedbed, marsh and pond 0.6 Materials 1 3 Access 4 Management 3 3

4 1.0 Site and context 4

5 1.0 Site and context Bagby Village 1.3 Bagby Airfield in Context Bagby Airfield is situated on the south western outskirts of the N Yorkshire village of Bagby. Bagby is located south of Thirsk, close to the A19. The airfield is situated alongside Bagby Lane which is the main access route fro the A19 to the village. Pond Wood The airfield has been operating since the mid 1970 s, and comprises a dispersed cluster of sheds and hangars, accessed from bagby village via a stoned track. The airfield site is associated with two distinctive landscape characters; to the north is the village landscape, and to the south and west is the rolling plain of the Vale of York. Some distance away to the north east the hilltops of the Hambleton Hills are visible on skyline. Bagby Village The village has grown along its main road, with farm building occupying prime locations. Paddocks, defined by hedges and frequent tree planting,roughly m wide, extend in narrow rectangles arranged perpendicular to the main road. Later buildings have lined the road. Beyond the treelined hedgerows of the village centre, the landscape changes. Fields are much larger, tree cover is considerably more sparse. Woodland plantations reinforce the large scale of the rolling landscape on the edge of the Vale of York. From the shallow ridge crests, distant views are possible to the Hambleton Hills to the north. In this more open landscape, individual farmsteads are distributed in isolated groups. Bagby Airfield The existing clubhouse and hangars are located in the open landscape beyond the village centre. Bagby Lane Thirsk Road 1000 m = 1km 5

6 1.0 Site and context 1 Bagby Village : housing and farmsteads grouped along Bagby Lane, partially screened by trees and hedgerow infrastructure Mature Oak and Ash trees, which are typical of the locality, dominate the skyline North end of North - South runway Overhead electricity cable route connected to Airfield buildings Ditch / hedgerow, forming boundary to airfield, and to intake landscape of Bagby village Existing mature Oak tree Airfield clubhouse and hangars partially backgrounded by woodland Pond Wood plantation on skyline View 1 (see keyplan) Mature standard trees in hedgerows along Bagby Lane typically Oak and Ash Arable field Childrens playground View (see keyplan) 6

7 1.0 Site and context 1.5 Existing landscape features The landscape of the Bagby area is typical of the farmland of the Vale of York, comprising isolated plantations of trees set in a matrix of hedgerows. Hedgerows usually incorporate mature standard trees,with species including Oak and Ash. The airfield itself is, by its nature, an open landscape characterised by low hedgerows with few landscape elements which break the skyline. The airfield is mostly grassland pasture, with partially reinforced grass runways. Ditches and hedges define its northern boundaries (). There is one existing tree within the application area (1) a mature Oak (Quercus spp). The airfield is on the southwestern periphery of Bagby village, and the application area is adjacent to paddocks and gardens of properties fronting onto Bagby Lane. There is a childrens playground at (3). The existing clubhouse is situated on a slight ridge, with extensive views to the southwest, over the rolling farmland of the Vale of York. 1.6 Designated Landscapes Bagby airfield does not lie in a designated landscape; the airfield does not include any protected habitats or site of scientific interest within its boundaries. 1.7 Site constraints and Existing services Access to the airfield (4) is off Bagby Lane, along a stoned track with speed restrictions. Most services follow the line of the access track. Electricity supplies to the airfield are via HV cables (5) which are brought onto the site at the north west corner of the airfield. The cables are undergrounded where they pass the northern end of the N-S runway. The safety of the airfield, for flying and non-flying personnel, is of fundamental importance; the control tower at the clubhouse (6) must be able to see the ends of the runways at all times. mature oak and hedgerow / ditch 1.5 Existing Landscape Features 1. Mature Oak Tree. Drainage ditch 3. Childrens playground 4. extensive views to south west 3 Childrens Play area 5. entrance 1 control tower visibility splay 4 Site Contraints and Services electricity cable 5. existing access off Bagby Lane 6. electricity cable (partially underground) 7. Airfield Control tower visibility splay 6 7 7

8 1.0 Site and context 1.8 Topography and hydrology view of housing on Bagby Lane, showing sloping field, typical of the airfield landscape The landscape of the airfield slopes towards the south west; the existing buildings are located at the crest of a shallow ridge, which is some 7 meters higher than the south western boundary The northern airfield is partly drained via a ditch which traverses the site, draining to the south west perimeter of the site. Observation in winter 007 showed areas of standing water in the field to the north of the airfield (blue on plan) Site Plan, showing contours and drainage / boundary ditch 8

9 .0 Proposals 9

10 .0 Proposals.4 Landscape Proposals : Aims and Objectives The proposals for the landscape setting for the airfield development sets out to establish the following: integration of the airfield into the distinctive local landscape of Bagby village The landscape proposals show new hedgerow and woodland planting which will extend the existing network of field boundaries found throughout the village. The scale of enclosure and plan proportion of the resulting paddocks are similar to those in the village. The village boundary ditch will form the edge of the hedgerow landscape treatment, thereby reinforcing the different landscapes of the intake and outfield. The new landscape structure planting will extend to the southwest, reinforcing the sense of arrival and entrance into the village from the Thirsk Road. integration of the airfield into the broader landscape of the Vale of York The landscape proposals for the airfield itself show minimal tree planting, organised in a small group close to the new clubhouse. The landscape will otherwise remain open, retaining the distant views to the hills to the north, and the plain to the south. Buildings will be grouped into clusters or lines, reflecting the characteristic farmstead and country house typologies of the Vale of York establish a landscape infrastructure of woodland, hedgerow and meadows which will enhance the spatial and ecological interest of the airfield setting. The proposed planting of woodland and hedgerows, using native tree species, will establish a new spatial infrastructure of glades and meadows. The scale of these spaces, midway between the intimacy of domestic gardens, and the extensive open plain, will provide an attractive, sheltered environment for passive enjoyment and walking. Biodiverse environment through habitat creation. The new spaces established by the landscape planting will increase biodiversity by supporting a wider range of flora and fauna in specially created habitats. Habitats will include woodland and woodland edge, wildflower meadow, mown pasture, hedgerow, marsh and marginal habitats, as well as open water. a landscape setting for the aeroclub and its distinctive new building.the landscape proposals will make a distinctive and attractive setting for the clubhouse and its external areas which articulates the relationship between approach and arrival, and resolves the different functions of each wing of the building into a unified and attractive place. a safe environment for visitors and staff working at the airfield. The airfield environment presents hazards which should be managed through the careful design of routes and barriers to prevent inadvertent access. The landscape proposals show how accessible areas are clearly defined in ways which integrate with the local landscape character. a sustainable landscape in which the available local resources are exploited sensitively to make a long lasting and robust context for the airfield and the village. Existing ground materials will be excavated for use in construction, and surface water will be channelled to replenish the local ground water without the need to take water off site. Permeable paving will be used. Locally indigenous planting, adapted to the local conditions, will provide the landscape framework. 10

11 .0 Proposals 1. Castle Howard, N Yorks. Blenheim Palace, Oxon 4. Bagby Airfield 3. Chipping Norton Airfield, Oxon.1 Landscape Planning precedents The organisation of extensive landscapes using axial vistas and sequential arrival routes sets a possible pattern which is appropriate at Bagby Airfield. There are numerous precedents for this mode of landscape organisation 1 and 3 At Castle Howard and Chipping Norton the dominant axes are organised separately from the main house or aircraft buildings. At Castle Howard the axes gesture towards regional landscape features, such as ranges of hills. This pattern is reflected at Bagby. At Blenheim Palace, the landscape axis is an extension of the house axis, and originally provided the alignment for the main entrance to the grand front of the house. Later, the arrival sequence was diverted around the lake (dotted line), thereby offering the visitor a series of glimpses of the house from differing angles. 4. Bagby Airfield. The entrance drive (dotted line) can be planned in conjunction with the surrounding landscape to present a series of changing views of the Bagby Airfield Clubhouse. The Clubhouse building can be seen as analogous to the Castle Howard model, in which the axes of the runways and the prominent building are associated but not integrated. 11

12 .0 Proposals. Landscape Planning Strategy Consolidate buildings and aeroclub / airfield functions. place buildings in prominent location, analogous to the country house 3. extend intake landscape to create hedgerow / woodland infrastructure 4. relocate entrance to avoid traffic in village Landscape principles 1. Relocated entrance moving traffic out of the village. glimpses of airfield and aeroclub through new landscape of hedges and woodland 3. secure zone protected by ditch / marsh infrastructure 4. clubhouse as country house 5. associated car park as walled / hedged garden 6. direct access to drop-off 7. parterre landscape 8. noise attenuating earth berms 1

13 .0 Proposals Bagby Village.3 Landscape Proposals : Site wide. The landscape proposals set out to make an attractive yet functional range of places which will support the activities of the airfield and clubhouse envisaged in the development proposals. Pond Wood The landscape masterplan shows the clubhouse (1 ) situated in a prominent position, commanding views of the airfield, runways and the wider landscape beyond. The clubhouse building is seen as a analogous to a country house. The landscape around the clubhouse () is generally open, and is organised geometrically to extend the axes of the building, and vistas from and through it, out into its surroundings. The landscape of the new driveway (3) and the approach to the clubhouse is defined by new hedge and tree planting, forming a more enclosed landscape as an extension of the intake of Bagby village. This enclosed landscape incorporates a variety of habitats and lan dscape features. It brings new definition to the access and approach to Bagby village from the A Bagby Airfield Bagby Lane Thirsk Road 13

14 .0 Proposals a.6 Entrance Landscape. The entrance landscape is designed to provide an attractive approach to the clubhouse, a sheltered environment for new habitat creation, and a place for walking through. 1. Contour remodelling and landform. The existing sloping landscape will be regraded to form a series of shallow, descending informal plateaux. This will integrate with the new access drive, and form areas for planting of hedgerows and meadows. The existing topsoil will be stripped and stacked, subsoil regraded, topsoil spread over. The landscape incorporate swales and ditches which will manage surface water from the access drive to recharge the local groundwater Excavation to include : 1a ditch widened to form reed bed / marshland 1b wildlife pond habitat. Pond to have puddled clay lining (using clay from on-site excavations). Woodland / Hedgerow : new woodland and hedgerow planting will create new woodland and woodland edge habitats. Planting will comprise native trees species selected from the following : Ash Oak Alder Field Maple Hawthorn Blackthorn Dogwood Guelder Rose Holly Field Rose Fraxinus excelsior Quercus petraea Alnus glutinosa Acer campestre Crataegus monogyna Prunus spinosa Cornus sanguinea Viburnum opulus Ilex aquifolium Rosa arvensis b 3 1b 5 1 3a 5 1a 3a a 5 1a The,woodland and hedgerows will planted as follows: Block Planting / hedgerow planting : feathered transplants at 1 / sqm, in single species groups standard trees for impact at approx 5m spacing rabbit proof protective fencing on post and rail timber fencing. Planting will be designed to establish a closed canopy after 3 years. Successive thinning operations will be carried out over a 10 year establishment period to ensure development of mixed hedgerows and woodland 14

15 .0 Proposals Woodland Glade (after 30 years) Woodland Edge / Tall Hedgerow Oak Lime Parkland trees Standard trees will be planted in the open meadows; species will be Oak, Lime and Ash, and will be staked, and protected by deer proof fencing. 3a. Reedbed / Marsh habitat : The existing ditch will be realigned and broadened to create a band of marshland planting. This will provide a range of new habitats, thereby increasing biodiversity. The ditch and marsh will form a barrier discouraging access onto the airfield from the main entrance. It will also provide a location for the outfall from the grey water / blackwater recycling system proposed in associated with the clubhouse. The Reedbed will planted as follows: native pot grown transplanted marginal plants waterside tree planting as standard trees as shown rabbit guards to all tree planting Wildflower Meadow 3b.Meadow grass : The open spaces enclosed by the woodland and hedgerows will be planted as species rich, lowland meadow grass mix to pastures. Incorporating swathes of native flower species (3b) to create wildflower meadow effect. Meadow grass mown 4 times per year, wildflower meadow mown times per year. 15

16 .0 Proposals 4. Entrance off Bagby Lane The new entrance to Bagby Airfield removes vehicle movement from the village, to make a safer and more visible junction at the western end of Bagby. The entrance is designed to allow movement of delivery vehicles as well as cars and pedestrians. The layout has been discussed with N Yorks Highway Authority, who have indicated the extent of sightlines necessary at the junction. 1 The entrance will be defined by a pair of gateposts made from the rammed earth to be used to construct the new clubhouse. These will incorporate low flanking walls, with pedestrian access gates, signage and lighting, as well as steel and timber gates. 5. Access Drive The access drive will connect the new clubhouse and airfield facilities to the nearby road network at Bagby Lane. It will provide an access route for all vehicles, including cars, delivery and service vehicles as well as emergency services. The access drive is aligned to provide a series of interesting and unfolding views of the airfield and clubhouse for approaching drivers. Surface of bonded gravel on bitmac 3 4 The access drive will be a new road construction, 6m wide with passing places and pedestrian refuges. It will be constructed in bitmac with gravel dressing, with flush kerbs / grass verges. Surface water will drain via crossfalls to adjacent ditches / french drains.the road construction will incorpate ductwork to run cables to light entrance. The existing ditch will be culverted to flow under the access drive at A Proposed site entrance off Bagby Lane 1 existing verge gate and gateposts 3. low wall 4. sliding gate 16

17 .0 Proposals Bagby Airfield Clubhouse Landscape The Proposed Clubhouse will provide the facilities which will support the aeroclub, and provide a resource for aeroclub members, visitors and local people. Facilities include bar and dining space, meeting rooms, overnight accomodation and health spa. The Clubhouse is accessed via the access drive which connects to the entrance off Bagby Lane. The drive leads through the car park to a drop off located close to the clubhouse entrance. Vehicles turn using the turning loop, and return to the car park. The car park provides 30 nr spaces, and will be screened by 1.6m high beech hedging. Parking bays of 10nr vehicles and 4 nr bicycle spaces are linked to the clubhouse by footways, which will be lit with low level lighting. 4 3 The access road and car park will be surfaced in bitmac coated in gravel to form a robust light toned surface. Edges and kerbs will be flush, and the surface will drain to adjacent soft landscape areas incorporating french drains (see drainage) 13 4 Service access to the Clubhouse, Maintenance hangar and other airfield facilities will be via the maintenance access route, which is a spur off the access drive shortly before it enters the car park. Deliveries and waste removal from the Clubhoise will take place from the delivery bay (5) The landscape of the clubhouse and car park is connected by a grid of planting, forming a series of low panels or parterres. These are reminscent of the formal gardens and walled gardens typically associated with country houses. Tree planting is limited to the group of evergreen pine trees located adjacent to the pool wing of the clubhouse. These will serve to anchor the building in its landscape. The gardens will together make a distinctive and colourful setting for the development Proposed Clubhouse. Maintenance Hangar 3. Refuelling station 4 Earth berm with hedge planting 5. Delivery bay 6. Car park (30 nr spaces) 7. footpath access 8. drop-off adjacent to clubhouse entrance 9. accent tree planting 10. Klargester black water digester 11 reed bed 1 grass and flower paarterre garden 13 tree clump screening 14 Access drive

18 .0 Proposals pine Car Park Design The car park will be screened to 1.6m ht by clipped hedges (beech or hornbeam) planted as follows: feathered transplants at.5m spacing in double staggered row, 1.0 m wide rabbit proof protective fencing on post and rail timber fencing Cycle stands will be located in the car park (4 nr, providing space for 8 bicycles) Pedestrian access from car park will be via a footway of bound gravel and brick pavers incorporating low bollard lighting at 4m spacing. Evergreen tree group : semi mature, container grown specimen Pine trees, underground guyed. For all-year round foliage colour. Beech hedge daisy bush Parterres: panels of herbaceous and shrubby groundcover plants, eg lavender / potentilla / cistus. Brightly coloured flowers, flowering at different times of year to create dramatic, continually changing and attractive frontage to bedroom wing. Planted as follows: hedge screen to car park herbaceous and shrub planting planted in rows at 0.5m spacing, in rows 0.75m side. Rows 1.5 apart. timber edging to beds to ensure neat mowing margin low clipped parterres native species hedge 18

19 .0 Proposals sw car park drains to swales Klargester foul water from clubhouse Blackwater reedbed system access drive drains to linear soakaways reed bed Water recycling outfall from reed bed to ditch Landscape features are incorporated into the landscaqpe plan which will facilitate the recycling of water within the airfield development. These are shown on the adjacent diagram. black water from the clubhouse will be drained via a Klargester (screened within a woodland clump but easily accessible from the access drive) into a 400 sq m reed bed. Filtered water from the reed bed will be discharged into the adjacent existing ditch Balancing Pond existing ditch surface water from hard standings will be drained into linear soakaways adjacent (french drains) which in the event of a severe rainfall event will drain into the existing ditch. A new pond will function as a balancing pond. proposed surface water drainage proposed black water drainage existing ditch Water recycling 19

20 .0 Proposals Materials and finishes Hard surfaces Furniture Soft landscape Access Drive Bitmac with buff bound gravel dressing benched flush edging Bagby Lane Entrance Bitmac with buff bound gravel dressing precast concrete edgings laid flush natural stone channels Car Park Bitmac with buff bound gravel dressing precast concrete edgings laid flush natural stone channels grass verges with swales / french drains Footways Bitmac with buff bound gravel dressing clay paver edgings and details seating n/a cycle storage stainless steel sheffield stands by urban elements or similar boundary treatments timber post and rail stock proof fencing post and wire rabbit proof fencing post and 3 strand wire protective fencing. lighting column lighting to car park LP Hint luminaire on 3m column by Targetti Poulsen bollard lamp to footways : PB bollard by Targetti Poulsen Entrance gates Gates Steel and timber 1.8m ht X 7.m wide in nr leafs Gateposts : rammed earth gateposts with steel framework Trees and hedgerow planting Ash Oak Alder Field Maple Hawthorn Blackthorn Dogwood Guelder Rose Holly Field Rose Fraxinus excelsior Quercus petraea Alnus glutinosa Acer campestre Crataegus monogyna Prunus spinosa Cornus sanguinea Viburnum opulus Ilex aquifolium Rosa arvensis planted as mix of following: 10% standard trees for immediate impact 1-14cm girth min ht 3m feathered, rootballed short staked 87% whip and half standards / 10 cm ht. bare root planted 3% evergreen rootballed Ilex all to be protected by deer / rabbit proof fencing Ornamental Trees Pine Pinus sylvestris semi mature 35-40cm girth min 4.5m ht, 4X transplanted rootballed, underground guyed Car park hedging Beech Hornbeam Fagus sylvatica Carpinus betulus planted as whips cm ht. bare root planted at.5m staggered row Parterres Grasses Festuca spp Hordeum spp shrubs Lavandula spp Potentilla spp Cistus spp Cornus spp Roof Garden to Clubhouse green roof species including Festuca spp armeria spp eryngium spp Lavender ornamental grass LP Hint lighting unit on 3000mm column PB Bollard 0

21 3.0 Access Access - access to the development to ensure equal and convenient access to buildings and spaces and the public transport network, and access for emergency services where relevant General The proposal will allow access to all and will be designed to provide both clear and intuitive circulation. The building form and elevation treatment will guide the visitor to the entrance location, and the internal layouts will be easily understandable, with visitor and staff areas clearly zoned. External approach The landscape and architectural design have been developed together in order to integrate the building in its setting in a way which promotes an intuitive wayfinding, and avoids the need for excessive signage. The formal and elevational composition assists the visitor to locate the building entrances as described earlier. Clear appropriately sized signage will also add clarity to the entrance location. The approaches will be practically level, with the land and airside entrances allowing wheelchair users to pass through entrance doors/ lobbies into the hall. All external surfaces will have surfaces suitable for wheelchair users. Vehicular access Vehicular access is from Bagby Lane; the existing access to the airfield will be closed, and the entrance will be relocated. Entrance Relocation The existing access to the airfield is unsatisfactory for several reasons as follows: a) Traffic for the airfield both club members, visitors and commercial deliveries have to enter the village to access the site b) The access lane is difficult to see and difficult to turn into leaving many vehicles to continue further into the village and turn around. c) When exiting the airfield the visibility of the road is poor to the west end very poor to the east i.e. into the village d) Visibility of the footpath is also poor and site traffic at this point encounter residents, and particularly children walking to the village playground facilities The relocation of the entrance away from the village and its present location will improve safety for villagers and their children. In addition, noise pollution from traffic into the village will be reduced. Pedestrian access. Currently pedestrians walking to the airfield use the stoned track connected to Bagby Lane. In future, they will use the new entrance off Bagby Lane, and use the access drive as a continuous, smooth, well-drained and pedestrian friendly surface. Pedestrian routes within the landscape will be a mix of shared surfaces to be flush with the carriageway, and traditional dedicated footways, 35-15mm raised above adjacent carriageway. Drop kerbs will be employed at crossings when required. Tactile pavers will be included where required, following the necessary design guidance. Parking Many visitors to the airfield will arrive by aeroplane, which will make use of the existing aircraft parking provision close to the runways. Car parking : Visitors arriving by cars and other vehicles will progress from the site entrance along the access drive, passing through the car park, before arriving at a turning circle adjacent to the main entrance of the clubhouse. The drop-off provides level access to the main entrance, a distance of 4m. 30 car park spaces are provided, of which 1 are suitable for use by disabled vehicles. Access from the car park is by welllit paved footpaths with level access. All parking spaces are a minimum 400 X 4800 when perpendicular to the carrieageway Cycle stands: provision is made for cycle parking in the car park; 4 nr cycle stands with room for 8 nr cycles, will be provided. Deliveries Deliveries to the Airfield, the clubhouse and the hangars will be via the access road from the new entrance from Bagby Lane. Deliveries will be signed to the delivery bay on the eastern elevation of the clubhouse building via the access to the maintenance hangar. Service access Service access to the airfield, maintenance hangar and the clubhouse will be via the access drive (see delivery access above) to dedicated service areas separate from the adjacent highways and parking areas to ensure regular deliveries and servicing does not interfere with traffic movements around the site. Emergency vehicle access is provided by the access drive. Waste collection Waste collection access to the airfield, maintenance hangar and the clubhouse will be via the access drive (see delivery access above) Crime and Personal Safety The landscape at Bagby Airfield is designed to maximise personal safety throughout and to minimise opportunities for crime and other anti-social behaviour. All areas of the airfield are visible from the access road and / or clubhouse Lighting will be provided at the entrance gates, car park and on footpath routes from the car park to the club house. 1

22 4.0 Management and Maintenance Management and Maintenance This section outlines the principles for the maintenance and management iof the landscape at Bagby Airfield Maintenance Hard Landscape Elements Soft Landscape Elements Management The range of paving materials selected for the landscape are intended to be low maintenance. The estimated design life of materials are as follows : Natural stone and concrete block paving - 5 years other surfaces - 10 years The performance of the external paving will depend on the implementation of a regular maintenance regime, by an appropriate management body. Maintenance of hard landscape elements will be as follows: 1) litter collection. This will include leaf sweeping in autumn and winter months ) sweeping and cleaning Mechanical cleaning of surfaces will be carried out as required to maintain safe surfaces for vehicles and pedestrians and to ensure maximum design life. The tree, shrub and hedge species selected for bagby Airfield have been chosen for their longevity, reliability and hardiness. They require no special maintenance apart from standard arboricultural practices. Whip planting, shrubs and herbaceous plants which will feature in the clubhouse parterre garden, landscape and car park have been selected so that they will form continuous ground coverage within an establishment period of 3 years; maintenance of these plants will be through normal horticultural practices such as pruning and weeding. Maintenance of soft landscape elements will be as follows: 1) watering regular watering will be carried out as necessary to all plant materials, including graas to ensure its successful establishment. Watering will be carried out by manual irrigation systems, except on the green roofs of the clubhouse which will be automated, using stored rainwater. 4) Mowing Grass areas will be maintaned to a mowing schedule according to the species of grass ie amenity, meadow, runway etc. As required lawns will be cut by approved mechanical means where accessible, to ensure a close cut lawn with all arisings removed from site. Edges around grass areas will be trimmed. 5) Woodland thinning forestry planting will allowed to grow over the first 3 year period to form a continuous foliage canopy. Subsequently, thinning of species will take place over 3 yearly cycles, to ensure a mixed species habitat with groups of plant species emerges. All areas of the airfield will be managed by the owners of the airfield, using skilled and suitably qualified horticultural personnel The Access Drive junction with Bagby Lane will be offered for adoption by N Yorks Highways, subject to a section 78 agreement. 3) repair and replacement of surfaces and furniture ) weeding weed control will be carried out manually or by mechanical means to suppress weed growth in all planted areas 3) Pruning Plants have been selected which require the minimum amount of pruning, with the exception of the clipped hedges. Pruning of hedges will take place twice each growing season. Some herbaceous plants in the parterres will be cut back at the commencement of the growing season