Heating and cooling system

Transcription

1 climasystem_ titel_en#3bc5.fh :24 Uhr Seite 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K aquatherm GmbH Biggen 5 D Attendorn Phone: Fax: Wilhelm-Rönsch-Str. 4 D Radeberg Phone: Fax: Order-No.: E Edition 03/09 info@aquatherm.de Probedruck Heating and cooling system We set the standards for quality and reliability! Heating and cooling system for ceiling, wall and other applications

2 CONTENTS Contents 3 Chapter 1: Product Information 4 Heating and cooling for ceilings and walls Product information - Advantages - Material - Technical data Chapter 2: Principles 9 Connection method Part 1 : fusion Connection method Part 2 : push-fit connection aquatherm-climasystem technology System review - Requirements for installation - Comfort - aquatherm climasystem wall / ceiling - Visual performance heating and cooling - Surface temperature - Surface considerations - Conduits and cables - Expansion joint - Plaster and thermal distribution layer - Surface finishes Detailed figure of wall with building board 22 Detailed figure of plastered wall 22 Detailed figure of ceiling in dry lining 23 Constructions Wall and ceiling heating and cooling systems System A - System B - System C Types of connection aquatherm climasystem 26 Type of connection vertical design 27 Installation schematic Vertical design Type of connection Horizontal design 30 Installation schematic Horizontal design Types of connection Internal piping 33 Installation schematic Internal piping Heat control methods aquatherm -control options - aquatherm - control technique - Reverse return for dry wall system element - Pattern connection of smaller heating surfaces Control option heating / cooling 40 - The system - Pattern of a flow-return system Chapter 3: Planning 41 Planning and design heating / cooling 41 - Calculation - Efficiency graphs - Standards and guidelines Planning and design diagrams Graph of heat outputs (dry wall heating element with pipe grids) - Graph of heat outputs (metal, plaster, plaster board) - Graph of cooling capacity (metal ceiling, punched; plaster; plaster board ceiling, punched; plaster board ceiling, compact) - Diagram of pressure drop - Maximum surface per cooling and heating circuit Chapter 4: Assembly and Installation 47 Assembly and starting Assembly - Flushing, filling and venting - Hydraulic pressure test - Functinal heating Chapter 5: Projects 49 Examples: - SHB, Munich, Germany 49 - Therafit, Lennestadt, Germany 50 Chapter 6: Article list and Notes 51 Article list, Notes 58 3

3 1 PRODUCT INFORMATION Heating and cooling with the aquatherm-climasystem An individual s physical well being directly depends on the basic environmental conditions of the surroundings. Working efficiency varies according to temperature with every cooling degree. Incorrect controlled room temperature, noise interference or draught are responsible for inefficient room conditions and therefore unsatisfactory performances. In offices, commercial premises, meeting rooms, etc., aquatherm pipe grids have become increasingly more popular for heating and cooling of ceilings and walls. The ingenious aquatherm climasystem delivers pleasant room conditions without noise and forced air movement. With this technology cooling or heating is simply controllable. Automatic designed change-over of heated or chilled water completes this system; allowing for individual room control within a building management system. Suspended ceiling Plastered wall/ceiling Dry-lined wall 4

4 PRODUCT INFORMATION 1 Heating and cooling with the aquatherm-climasystem aquatherm-climasystem due to its slim construction it fits within the plaster layer or behind the plaster board. Construction thickness including manifolds, mounting rail and connections amounts to only 24.5 mm. The pipe grids have rectangular manifolds, which can be interlinked. This allows an easy connection e.g. according to the reverse return principle (Tichelmann). The water volume for the required thermal output is distributed via square pipes (12 mm / 25 m pipe per m 2 ) within the grids. The low weight of only 2.5 kg/m 2 (incl. water filling) does not effect the design of the ceiling element construction. The ceiling elements should include minimum 30 mm fibre glass insulation. Depending on their design, the pipe grids are connected by means of thermal welding or by pushfit couplings, and connected to the cooling- and heating water circuits. The velocity of flow and the pressure drop are minimized. The aquatherm-climasystem can be installed in on metal panels of suspended ceilings and on plaster boards. Even the embedding in plaster layer or the installation in C-studs with plaster boards is not a problem. 5

5 1 PRODUCT INFORMATION Heating and cooling with aquatherm-climasystem Advantages: No draughts Noiseless Dust reduction Simple control technique Thermal properties of the building are enhanced System extendable Quick installation thanks to high degree of prefabrication Even temperature distribution Safe connection techniques by thermal fusion/ Pushfit connection for ceiling elements Oxygen barrier Minimal construction thickness Greater architectural design freedom Energy saving Suitable as plaster base for ceiling suspension The effect of the aquatherm-climasystems is to heat or cool the surface of wall or ceiling it is installed behind by a few degrees below or above the ambient temperature. By radiation exchange with the surfaces, temperatures of the room and furnishings change. The total power is achieved by 2/3 radiation and 1/3 convection. The heat transfer rate is determined by the difference between ambient temperature and average surface temperature high difference high heat transfer. Within a suspended ceiling system, the extent of the aquatherm-climasystem installation will be governed by the heating and cooling requirements. 6

6 PRODUCT INFORMATION 1 Heating and cooling with aquatherm-climasystem Material: aquatherm-pipe grids are exclusively made from fusiolen PP-R. Its extreme temperature stability is a major property of the product. This physical property is of special interest in the heating and cooling industry. The exceptionally good welding properties and fusion, result in an homogeneous unit, offering a maximum in security and life span. fusiolen PP-R also offers high temperature and pressure operation. Longterm temperatures of 70 C can easily be maintained. As a rule, the aquatherm climasystem operates at substantially lower temperatures than conventional heating systems. Hence, the actual material stressing is substantially lower. Furthermore fusiolen offers an excellent robustness against various aggressive chemicals. In conjunction with the climatherm-pipe system (also made from fusiolen PP-R for climate, heating and plant technology, aquatherm offers a complete solution from the heating and cooling source. 7

7 1 PRODUCT INFORMATION Heating and cooling with aquatherm-climasystem GRIDS WITH WELDING CONNECTION, AXIAL, OPTIONAL 35 Heating and cooling GRID WITH 35 PLUG CONNECTION Heating and cooling Material: fusiolen PP-R Material: fusiolen PP-R Ø Collector/manifold: 24 / 14 mm Ø Collector/manifold: 24 / 14 mm Ø Grid pipe: 12 / 12 mm Ø Grid pipe: 12 / 12 mm Pipe spacing A: 40 mm Pipe spacing A: 40 mm Width B: Length L: 24 cm, 36 cm, 48 cm, 60 cm 50 cm 60 cm 80 cm 100 cm cm Volume: approx. 1.2 ltr /m 2 Weight incl. waters: approx. 2.5 kg /m 2 Exchange surface: approx. 1.0 m 2 /m 2 Connection: Ø 16 mm welding connection Width B: Length L: 57 cm (compatible with standard ceiling panel 60.0 x 60.0 cm) 61 cm (compatible with standard ceiling panel 62.5 x 62.5 cm) 57 cm 61 cm Volume: approx. 1.4 ltr /m 2 Weight incl. waters: approx. 2.5 kg /m 2 Exchange surface: approx. 1.0 m 2 /m 2 Operational area: Wall heating/cooling Wall heating in the plaster Wall cooling in the plaster Ceiling heating in suspended ceilings Ceiling cooling in suspended ceilings Connection: Field of application: Working pressure: push-fit connection Ceiling heating Ceiling cooling on metal panel or gypsum tiles 4 bar Working pressure: 4 bar Max. heating water temperature: 70 C Max. heating water temperature: 70 C Special dimensions on request 8

8 PRINCIPLES 2 Connection method Part 1: fusion The aquatherm-climasystem is connected by fusion. Simply by heating up the joining elements the plastic melts, allowing the connecting of parts with a single material and forming a permanent connection. The grids can be connected in parallel as well as in series. Due to the wide range of fusiotherm fittings single connection as well as complete commercial sized installations, including manifolds, can be constructed. Transition connections for the approved aquatherm -SHT sliding sleeve technology completes the system. 9

9 2 PRINCIPLES Connection method Part 1: fusion Fusion of the aquatherm-climasystem in parallel: In parallel connection grids of the same height are connected as grid pairs. 1. Mounted welding device and tools (16 mm) Control of temperature 2. aquatherm-climasystem is equipped with male/female connections for parallel fusion Push internal connection of the first grid into the (socket) heating tool and at the same time the external connection of the second grid onto the (spigot) heating tool. 4. After the required heating period of 5 sec., remove the elements from the tools and immediately push together (welding depth 13 mm).

10 PRINCIPLES 2 Connection method Part 1: fusion Fusion of the aquatherm-climasystem with series connections: In series connection grid pairs can be connected to heating-cooling circuits according to the requirements of chapter "Types of laying and connecting". Even grids of different height are connectable with this type of connection. Fusion of pipe pieces. 11

11 2 PRINCIPLES Connection method Part 2: push-fit connection The aquatherm-climasystem in suspended ceilings comes with pushfit-connectors for a fast and secure connection. climasystem has serial 16 mm connections, on which the pushfit-connection is inserted to the stop. The holding element/ring inside, is equipped with stainless steel teeth, keeping the connection firmly in the joint. The two integrated o-rings guarantee a completely sealed and secure connection. Various connections are available for joining climasystem with the pipe systems Corrugated connecting pipe (57 cm length) with various connections: 1) 2) 3)* 4)* 5)* 1) push-fit connection 2) sliding sleeve connection 3) fusion 4) transition with internal thread 5) transition with external thread * (fittings of the fusiotherm-system) 12

12 PRINCIPLES 2 Connection method Part 2: push-fit connection To allow maintenance within the ceiling void, the pushfit connections are demountable. It is important to ensure, that the system is unpressurized and drained down before attempting to demount the connection. Then simply press the holding ring (black ring) against the connector and pull apart. The connection is then reusable. 13

13 2 PRINCIPLES System technique aquatherm-climasystem System review The concept of the aquatherm-climasystem is for the comfort of an occupied area: thermally well-balanced zones are created. The principle of the aquatherm-climasystem technology is gentle radiant heat from large surfaces delivering comfort and warmth to the occupants of a room. Since the heating surfaces are relatively large the surface temperature can be kept low reducing air movement. Radiant heat is felt directly, this is one advantage over small hot radiators that create high convectional currents warming the air before the occupants. Since the system has a low flow temperature (25-35 C) it is ideally suited to being used with eco-friendly fully condensing boilers or alternative energy sources like combined heat and power, solar, geothermal and heat recovery systems. Besides the thermal advantages there is the added benefit of reduced air movement. The result is reduced dust movement with stabilized humidity. In conclusion wall heating, resp. ceiling heating, saves % of energy costs and contributes to a healthy environment. Of course the aquatherm-climasystem for wall and ceiling can be combined with each other. Requirements for installation aquatherm-climasystem can be installed on standard brick or block walls, within C-studs or on pre-cast concrete walls. The walls (subsurface) must be dry and a level for taking the plaster or the dry construction elements. Normally plaster can be applied on all plaster backgrounds. Regarding the adhesion it is to be differentated between plaster-friendly and difficult undergrounds. On these conditions the choice of plaster, the processing and the pretreatment of the plaster underground have to be adapted. The underground must be tested by the plasterer acc. to VOB, part C, DIN respectively acc. to VOB part B, DIN (For pretreatment i.e. bonding bridge or special priming is applied.) The tolerance of the heights and inclination of the carrying subsurface must correspond to the German DIN Adequate insulation of the outer walls behind the aquatherm climasystem is essential and its installation the responsibility of the building contractor. Comfort Moderate temperatures (20-35 C) with large heating surfaces generates steady radiation for the user. Direct heat radiation on the human body delivers a comfortable warm feeling. The room air temperature can be reduced in opposite to conventional heating technologies (radiators/convectors) and still provide thermal comfort for the occupant. 14

14 PRINCIPLES 2 The aquatherm-climasystem for the wall Heating Cooling The aquatherm-climasystem for the ceiling Heating Cooling 15

15 2 PRINCIPLES System technology aquatherm-climasystem Visual performance heating The photos of the high-resolution thermal camera make its performance clear: The aquatherm-climasystem for wall heating delivers even heat distribution into the space, provides for a comforting warm feeling and creates a very acceptable room climate. Example: Metal ceiling panel Legend: Room temperature: 20 C Linear heating temperature: 32 C Radiation surface temperature: see screen sequence Original metal ceiling panel Start of heating after 1 minute 20 C 20.5 C after 1.5 minutes after 2 minutes after 2.5 minutes 24 C 26 C 28 C after 3 minutes after 3.5 minutes after 4 minutes 29 C 30 C 30.5 C 16

16 PRINCIPLES 2 System technology aquatherm-climasystem Visual performance cooling The photos of the high-resolution thermal camera show: The aquatherm-climasystem for cooling ceilings delivers equal coolness into the space and does not only provide for a comfortable but also healthy room climate. Example: Metal ceiling panel Legend: Room temperature: 24 C Linear cooling temperature: 17 C Radiation surface temperature: see screen sequence Original metal ceiling panel Start of cooling 24 C after 1 minute after 2 minutes 22 C 20.2 C after 4 minutes after 6 minutes 18.1 C 17.2 C 17

17 2 PRINCIPLES System technology aquatherm-climasystem Visual performance heating The photos of the high-resolution thermal camera make its performance clear: The aquatherm-climasystem for wall heating delivers even heat distribution into the space, provides for a comforting warm feeling and creates a very acceptable room climate. Example: Wall heating (plastered) Legend: Room temperature: 20 C Linear heating temperature: 32 C Radiation surface temperature: see screen sequence Original wall heating (plastered) Start of heating after 1 minute 20 C 20.5 C after 1.5 minutes after 2 minutes after 2.5 minutes 24 C 26 C 28 C after 3 minutes after 3.5 minutes after 4 minutes 29 C 30 C 30.5 C 18

18 PRINCIPLES 2 System technology aquatherm-climasystem Visual performance cooling The photos of the high-resolution thermal camera show: The aquatherm-climasystem for cooling ceilings delivers equal coolness into the space and does not only provide for a comfortable but also healthy room climate. Example: Wall cooling (plastered) Legend: Room temperature: 24 C Linear cooling temperature: 17 C Radiation surface temperature: see screen sequence Original Wall cooling (plastered) Start of cooling 28 C after 1 minute after 2 minutes 26 C 24 C after 4 minutes after 6 minutes 20.5 C 20 C 19

19 2 PRINCIPLES System technology aquatherm-climasystem Surface temperatures The surface temperatures are dependent on the heat efficiency of the wall heating. This also depends on the heat loss of the room/building and on the surface, which is available for the installation of the wall heating. In addition, the pipe spacing, the surface finishes and the design of the wall heating provide variable differences to the surface temperature. That means, the temperature above the heating pipes is higher than in the intervals. Even surface temperatures are obtained by the close pipe spacing (40 mm / 25 m pipe per m 2 ) of the aquatherm-climasystem. The average surface temperature of wall heating should be regulated for physiological reasons. In rooms with low dwelling time (e.g. baths, swimming pools, therapeutic areas) the surface temperature is limited to 35 C and in rooms with long dwelling time (e.g. living rooms, day rooms, offices) is limited to 30 C. Surface considerations In the planning stage of wall heating design the future use should be taken into consideration. When arranging the grids personal and spatial needs can be considered. One must take into account, where the large pieces of furniture are to be placed, while smaller furniture (e.g. desk, seat set and pictures) can be disregarded. Thus the outside wall often remains as a possible choice. Conduits and cables Conduits and cables which are placed on the weight-bearing subsurface, must be well fixed. They can be surface mounted or concealed behind the aquatherm-climasystem. Expansion joint To accommodate for thermal joints length expansion of the wall construction, suitable expansion must be allowed for. This can be achieved by a flexible joint. 20

20 PRINCIPLES 2 System technology aquatherm-climasystem Plaster and thermal distribution layer All customary lime-cement plasters and gypsum plasters have proved to be effective. Due to its very good space-climatic qualities, gypsum and lime-gypsum plasters for wall heating are specially well suited. But never apply them in humid rooms, as the maximum operating temperature of gypsum plaster should not exceed 50 C. Lime-cement plasters are suitable for higher operating temperatures to approximately 60 C. These plasters are well suitable for baths and wet rooms with high air humidity. Today clay plasters are used increasingly, because it is an optimal building material for the biological building considerations. In addition, clay plasters, due to their high thermal conductivity, are very suitable for wall heating. The maximum operating temperature is also 60 C, as with the limecement plasters. The need of a plaster reinforcement (reinforcement fabric) depends on the applied plaster system. The installation of a plaster reinforcement must be completed according to the manufacturers instructions. Plaster reinforcements are inlays in the plaster, e.g. from mineral fibres or synthetic fibres. A plaster reinforcement increases the tensile strength of the plaster and prevents the enlargement of possible cracks. Additional plaster base subsidiaries can be omitted. Further advices on page 47. Surface finishes They can be made according to customer s wish from ceramic tiles, plasterboards or gypsum plaster. But the thermal resistance value R (m 2 K/W) should keep as low as possible and a value from R = 0.15 m 2 K/W should not be exceeded. In this case additional heaters (e.g. in front of the window) may be inevitably. Surface finishes with high thermal resistance require clearly higher operating temperatures and cause increased heat loss outward through the outside walls. 21

21 2 PRINCIPLES aquatherm-climasystem Detailed figure of wall with building board Ceiling Minium distance of grids to the ceiling = 100 mm Ceiling joint according to manufacturer s instruction Paneling made of building boards Gypsum parge coat for building boards, design according to manufacturer s instructions climasystem grid Height = 20 mm Minimum distance of grids to the floor = 100 mm Floor joint according to manufacturer s instruction Floor aquatherm-climasystem Detailed figure of plastered wall Ceiling Minimum distance of grids to ceiling = 100 mm For bordering structural elements optionally separation strips may be used climasystem grid Plaster thickness = mm climasystem grid Height: 20 mm Reinforcement about 5 mm above the climasystem grid Minimum distance of grids to floor = 100 mm 22 Floor

22 PRINCIPLES 2 aquatherm-climasystem Detailed figure of ceiling in dry lining Distributor plasterboard climasystem grid substructure (Insulation is not skeched in, must be considered according to project specifications) 23

23 2 PRINCIPLES Constructions Wall and ceiling heating and cooling systems Wall- and ceiling heating are divided into different systems, according to their design: SYSTEM A wet construction aquatherm-climasystem is directly installed onto the wall, respectively below the ceiling SYSTEM B dry wall installation of complete climasystem dry wall heating element with fibre composite board on present stud. 24

24 PRINCIPLES 2 Constructions Wall and ceiling heating and cooling systems SYSTEM C Dry wall installation of the aquathermclimasystem in C-studs or in suspended ceilings 25

25 2 PRINCIPLES Types of connection aquatherm climasystem The installation of aquatherm climasystem varies in three options: A: vertical arrangement in walls B: horizontal arrangement in ceilings and floors C: aquatherm-dry wall heating element with internal piping 26

26 PRINCIPLES 2 Type of connection Vertical design climassystem grid The vertical arrangement of climasystem grids is always connected with flow top, optionally right or left. The grids are always connected in serial connection to grant a constant flow. Thus the return leaves the grid always bottom, opposite the flow. Grid pairs Grid pairs may be connected in parallel up to a width of maximum 2.4 meters. Accordingly a serial connection is required for further grids respectively further grid pairs. The maximum surface per heating circuit is 15 m 2. The maximum surface per cooling circuit see page

27 2 PRINCIPLES Installation schematic Vertical design Installation schematic climasystem with divers grid pairs and different heights. The maximum surface per heating circuit is 15 m 2. The maximum surface per cooling circuit see page 46. 1) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm -heating circuit manifold 4) Heating/cooling zone 5) Further heating/cooling zones Maximum grid width: 2.4 m 28

28 PRINCIPLES 2 Installation schematic Vertical design In C-studs maximum 4 grids may be connected in parallel. Accordingly the connection to further grids is made in serial. The maximum surface per heating circuit is 15 m 2. The maximum surface per cooling circuit see page 46. 1) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm -heating manifold 4) Heating/cooling zone 5) Further heating/cooling zone 29

29 2 PRINCIPLES Type of connection Horizontal design climasystem-grid The horizontall arrangement of climasystem grids is connected with flow optionally right or left. The grids are always connected in serial connection to grant a constant flow. Thus the return leaves the grid always opposite the flow. Grid pairs Grid pairs may be connected in parallel up to a width of maximum 1.2 meters. Accordingly a serial connection is required for further grids respectively further grid pairs. The maximum surface per heating circuit is 15 m 2. The maximum surface per cooling circuit see page

30 PRINCIPLES 2 Installation schematic Horizontal design Installation schematic climasystem with divers grid pairs and different heights. The maximum surface per heating circuit is 15 m 2. The maximum surface per cooling circuit see page 46. 1) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm -heating manifold 4) Heating/cooling zone 5) Further heating/cooling zone Maximum width of grid 1.2 m 31

31 2 PRINCIPLES Installation schematic Horizontal design Laid in wooden floors (between timber rafters) the climasystem grids basically may be installed in serial. The maximum surface per heating surface is 15 m 2. The maximum surface per cooling circuit see page 46. 1) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm - heating manifold 4) Heating/cooling zone 5) Further heating/cooling zone 32

32 PRINCIPLES 2 Types of connection Internal piping climasystem-dry wall heating element The flow is always connected left on the internal piping of the climasystem-dry wall heating element. The grids are always connected in serial connection to grant a constant flow. 33

33 2 PRINCIPLES Installation schematic Internal piping Serial connection of several grids max. heating surface = 15 m 2 1) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm - heating manifold 4) Dry wall heating element 5) Further heating circuits 34

34 PRINCIPLES 2 Installation schematic Internal piping Serial connection according to reverse return for climasystem-dry wall heating element max. heating surface = 15 m ) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm - heating circuit 4) Dry wall heating element (max. 15 m 2 ) 5) Reverse return piping flow 6) Reverse return piping return 7) Further heating circuits 35

35 2 PRINCIPLES Heat control methods aquatherm -control options aquatherm, as a supplier of a complete system, offers all necessary components for the optimum control of a wall and ceiling heating. This covers new or old buildings, to the connection of existing heating systems as well as for small surfaces or large objects. The individual room control for wall and ceiling heating iscompellingly pre-scribed acc. to EnEV, provided that the object is completely heated by it. If the basic load is covered, the individual room control can be done without. The following control options are available: aquatherm - control technique Die für das aquatherm-climasystem einzusetzende Regelungstechnik ist identisch mit der Regeltechnik für die aquatherm -Fußbodenheizung. Es können drahtgebundene Regler mit 230 Volt und 24 Volt ebenso wie die drahtlose Funksteuerung, verwendet werden. Die technische Beschreibung der Regelkomponenten ist der technischen Information aquatherm -Flächenheizund -kühlsysteme, Kapitel Regelungstechnik (Best.-Nr. D Stand 03/08) zu entnehmen. aquatherm -Raumtemperaturregler dürfen nicht hinter Gardinen, Vorhängen, nicht in Zugluft oder der direkten Sonneneinstrahlung ausgesetzt montiert werden. control by return temperature limiter for small additional heating surfaces one circuit (design in cabinet for concealed installation) control for larger heating surfaces connection via heating circuit manifold individual room control by means of actuator and room thermostat control for larger heating surfaces connection via heating circuit manifold Division of heating groups, e.g. by means of Tichelmann (reversereturn) distribution technique Ebenso dürfen sie nicht direkt auf beheizte Flächen plaziert sein. 36

36 PRINCIPLES 2 Heating control methods Grid surfaces are controlled by the aquatherm-heating circuit manifolds. The requirements according to the chapter "Types of laying and connecting" must be considered. 1) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm - heating circuit manifold 4) Wall heating zone 1 5) Wall heating zone 2 37

37 2 PRINCIPLES Heating control methods Reverse return for dry wall system element VL RL ) Flow 2) Return 3) aquatherm - heating circuit 4) Combined wall heating zone with connected heating grids in serial 5) Reverse return piping flow 6) Reverse return piping return 7) Further heating circuits 38

38 PRINCIPLES 2 Heating control methods Connection of smaller heating surfaces (max. 8 m 2 ) via return temperature limiter 1) Flow heating 5) Flow heating grid 2) Return heating 6) Return heating grid 3) Static heating surface 7) aquatherm -return temperature limiter (Art.-No ) 4) The aquatherm-climasystem (max. 8 m 2 ) 39

39 2 PRINCIPLES Heating and cooling: control methods Heating: The aquatherm-heating systems for ceiling, wall and floor are always utilized in winter. They are installed in private homes, apartments, business buildings, hotels, hospitals, offices, schools, etc. But unfortunately, during the summer months these heating systems are unused. With the control statement heating and cooling the needs heating and cooling blend into a single arrangement. Based on climate control with change-over heating/ cooling a complete control system including all requirements is available. The control system described below, contains the energy saving features as well as the optimised cooling functions. Cooling: Special care is required to the dew point concerning the space cooling. The principle pattern takes into consideration the dew point, so that there is no condensation produced. Principle pattern of a double-pipe arrangement (Suppliers: e.g. Sauter-Cumulus, Freiburg; Company Siemens, etc.) Flow temperature control depending on outside temperature Individual room temperature control with humidity sensor in the reference room Thermostat Regulation manifold Heating circuit manifold Heating circuit manifold 40

40 PLANNING 3 Planning and design Heating and cooling Calculation Generally a heating load calculation acc. to DIN EN 12831or a cooling load calculation acc. to VDI 2078 has to be performed before designing the aquatherm-climasystem. Q Ausl = Q H Af Q Ausl = Dimensioning of heat flux density Q H = Thermal output acc. to DIN EN 12831less the loss of transmission heat by the components covered by wall heating A f = Wall surface, covered with wall heating Graphs The following output graphs for the aquatherm wall and ceiling heating in wet and dry construction method have to be taken into consideration. These graphs are valid for: A.) Wet-construction system with wall plaster with thermal conductivity λ = 0.35 W/mK as well as plaster covering from upper edge of heating pipe = 10 mm B.) climasystem-dry wall heating element (performance diagram valid in connection with gypsum fibre boards) λ = 0.32 W/mK C.) Dry wall systems (performance diagram for the dry wall system is valid for concealing with gypsum plaster boards) λ = 0.21 W/mK Standards and guidelines The following standards and guidelines must be considered on planning and design of the aquatherm-climasystem: VDI 2078 cooling load calculation / EnEV Energy saving law DIN EN 1264 Surface heating systems / DIN 1186 Construction gypsums DIN 4102 Fire protection in building construction / DIN 4108 Heat Insulation in building construction / DIN 4109 Sound Insulation in building construction / DIN EN Calculation of the standard heating load / DIN EN 1264 Hot water under-floor heating / DIN 4726 Conduits of plastic / DIN Foam plastics / DIN Fibre insulating materials / DIN Gypsum plaster boards / DIN Gypsum plaster boards in building construction / DIN Accessories for the processing of plaster boards / DIN Building sealing / DIN Dimension tolerances in building construction / DIN Plastering works and stucco works / DIN Mortar / DIN Plasters (Individual processing guidelines of the respective manufacturer) 41

41 3 PLANNING Planning and design Graph of heat outputs Heat outputs of the aquatherm -climasystem dry wall heating element with pipe grids heat flow in Watt/m 2 linear temperature difference (Δϑ H ) Example of use for the graph of heat outputs Room: Office Room temperature: ϑ i 20 C Heating load (adjusted): Φ Ber 765 Watt Wall covering: R λb 0.00 m 2 K/W Covered wall surface: m 2 15 Heating load per m 2 : q 51 Watt Flow temperature: ϑ V 35 C Return temperature: ϑ R 25 C Linear temperature difference: Δϑ H 10 K (Difference of room temperature to linear heating temperature) ϑ ( V + ϑ R 2 ) - ϑ i = Δϑ H 42

42 PLANNING 3 Planning and design Graph of heat outputs Heat outputs of the aquatherm -climasystem wall-ceiling heating with pipe grids heat flow in Watt/m 2 3. linear temperature difference (Δϑ H ) Example of use for the graph of heat outputs Room: Office Room temperature: ϑ i 20 C Heating load (adjusted): Φ Ber 600 Watt Wall plaster: λ 0.35 W/(mK) Wall covering: R λb 0.00 m 2 K/W Covered wall surface: m 2 15 Heating load per m 2 : q 40 Watt Flow temperature: ϑ V 30 C Return temperature: ϑ R 25 C Linear temperature difference: Δϑ H 7.5 K (Difference of room temperature to linear heating temperature) ϑ ( V + ϑ R 2 ) - ϑ i = Δϑ H metal plaster plaster board 43

43 3 PLANNING Planning and design Graph of cooling capacity Cooling capacity of the aquatherm-pipe grids cooling capacity in Watt/m linear temperature difference (Δϑ H ) Example of use for the graph of cooling capacity Room: Büro Room temperature: ϑ i 27 C Cooling load: Φ Ber 1080 Watt Ceiling: λ gypsum plaster= 0.35 W/mK Covered ceiling surface: m Cooling capacity per m 2 : q 80 Watt Flow temperature: ϑ V 16 C Return temperature: ϑ R 18 C Linear temperature difference: Δϑ H 10 K (Difference of room temperature to linear cooling temperature) metal ceiling, punched plaster plaster board ceiling, punched plaster board ceiling, compact ϑ ( V + ϑ ϑ R i - 2 ) = Δϑ H 44

44 PLANNING 3 Planning and design: Graph of pressure drop aquatherm-climasystem Art.-No / / Pressure drop (mbar) Volumen flow (kg/m 2 h) 45

45 3 PLANNING Planning and design Maximum surface per each cooling circuit Depending on output, volume flow and temperature difference aquatherm-climasystem - Temperature difference 3 K Output Temp. difference Volume flow Pressure drop max. surface per chilling circuit Watt/m 2 K kg/h mbar/m 2 m aquatherm-climasystem - Temperature difference 2 K Output Temp. difference Volume flow Pressure drop max. surface per chilling circuit Watt/m 2 K kg/h mbar/m 2 m

46 ASSEMBLY 4 Assembly and starting Assembly For the installation of the aquatherm-climasystem follow the manufacturer s recommendations for plaster works follow the regulations of the plaster manufacurer. Suspended tile-ceilings and prefabricated construction elements have to be installed according to dry construction guidelines resp. manufacturer s advices. Raw ceilings and walls must have a firm base for the installation of the heating grids. The aquatherm-climatherm comes in variable lengths offered, so that cutting at the building site ordinarily is not necessary. The grids must be connected by means of heating element fusion. At first the aquatherm-climasystem is fixed with the attached wall brackets (2 pieces per grid) at the raw wall or ceiling. Further fixing occurs through the pre-mounted fixing rail. A sufficient number of fixings is to be intended! The fixing element with plug (see picture in the middle below) in conjunc-tion the with fixing rail and the grids can be used as plaster base. Additional plaster fixings can be left out. Four pieces of fixing clamp with plug are to be installed per m2 covered surface. 47

47 4 ASSEMBLY Assembly and starting Starting Flushing, filling and venting The aquatherm-climasystem has to be tested by a pressure test before plaster covering works. Therefore each single pipe - e.g. via filling and drain valves has to be flushed and refilled (max. filling pressure 0,5 bar) until the water comes out free of air. Wall heating always have to be filled from the bottom to the top. The hydraulic compensation of the system must correspond to the calculation. Hydraulic pressure test According to DIN EN the aquatherm-climasystem has to be pressure tested for density analogously to the tests of under-floor heating systems. The test pressure must be the double of the operating pressure, but at least 6 bars. This pressure must be kept during the plaster works at the wall or ceiling or during the covering works. The density and the test pressure have to be recorded in a test record. If there is danger of freezing, suitable measures, like use of anti-freezer or heating of the building have to be met. The anti-freezer must to be removed by draining and flushing with at least triple water change, if no further anti-freezer is necessary for the normal operation of the system. Functional heating The heating of the aquatherm-climasystem depends on the recommendations of the plaster manufacturer and the type of plaster. Basically the manufacturer s instructions must be strictly adhered to. The heating test performance has to be documented. 48

48 PROJECTS 5 Examples: SHB, Munich, Germany 49

49 5 PROJECTS Examples: Therafit, Lennestadt, Germany 50

50 aquatherm Heizung & Klima ARTICLE LIST 6 Pipes and fittings climasystem - PP-grid connecting pipe with oxygen barrier, in 2.5 m straight lengths Art.-No. Dimension mm m mm m PU Piece aquatherm Heizung & Klima aquatherm Heizung & Klima climasystem - PP-grid connecting pipe with oxygen barrier, in coils Art.-No. Dimension mm m mm m PU Piece climasystem - socket for wall and ceiling grids Art.-No. Dimension mm pc PU Piece climasystem - elbow 90 for wall and ceiling grids Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup Productgroup Productgroup mm pc PU Piece climasystem - end cap for wall and ceiling grids Art.-No. Dimension mm pc PU Piece climasystem - elbow 90 female/male Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup mm pc PU Piece 51

51 6 ARTICLE LIST Pipe grids Types of connection climasystem - heating and cooling grids 1a 1. Wall heating grids with axial connection. 1a 1b Art.-No. starting with 50 1b a. Type of joining: socket for welding of 16 mm pipes or for welding with nozzle 1b of another grid b. Type of joining: nozzle for welding with end cap or directly with socket 1a of another grid 1b 1a 2 2. Ceiling cooling and heating grid for suspended metal ceiling panels with 35 plug connection top left and down right Art.-No. starting with Ceiling cooling and heating grid for suspended metal ceiling panels with 35 plug connection top right and down left Art.-No. starting with Ceiling cooling and heating grid for suspended metal ceiling panels with 90 plug connection top left and down right 4 Art.-No. starting with Ceiling cooling and heating grid for suspended metal ceiling panels with 90 plug connection top right and down left Art.-No. starting with

52 ARTICLE LIST 6 Grids Types of connection climasystem heating and cooling grids Structure of the new article-numbers e. g = Wall heating grid, axial, 24 cm wide, 150 cm long Type of connection Width Length = wall heating grid AX 51 = ceiling cooling and heating 35 connection TL 57 = ceiling cooling and heating 35 connection TR 52 = ceiling cooling and heating 90 connection TL 53 = ceiling cooling and heating 90 connection TR 2. Width of grid Width from 24 cm to 100 cm in 4 cm steps 3. Length of grid Length from 50 cm to 500 cm in 10 cm steps Special lengths on request. climasystem - heating and cooling grids with oxygen barrier. with single entry fusion connection (incl. respective number of wall clamps.fixing rails and fixing clamps with plug) new Art.-No. old Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup x 50 cm = 0.12 m pc x 60 cm = 0.14 m pc x 80 cm = 0.19 m pc x 100 cm = 0.24 m pc x 150 cm = 0.36 m pc x 200 cm = 0.48 m pc x 250 cm = 0.60 m pc x 300 cm = 0.72 m pc x 350 cm = 0.84 m pc x 400 cm = 0.96 m pc x 450 cm = 1.08 m pc x 500 cm = 1.20 m pc x 50 cm = 0.18 m pc x 60 cm = 0.22 m pc x 80 cm = 0.29 m pc x 100 cm = 0.36 m pc x 150 cm = 0.54 m pc x 200 cm = 0.72 m pc x 250 cm = 0.90 m pc x 300 cm = 1.08 m pc x 350 cm = 1.26 m pc x 400 cm = 1.44 m pc x 450 cm = 1.62 m pc x 500 cm = 1.80 m pc x 50 cm = 0.24 m pc x 60 cm = 0.29 m pc x 80 cm = 0.38 m pc x 100 cm = 0.48 m pc x 150 cm = 0.72 m pc x 200 cm = 0.96 m pc x 250 cm = 1.20 m pc x 300 cm = 1.44 m pc x 350 cm = 1.68 m pc x 400 cm = 1.92 m pc PU Piece 53

53 6 ARTICLE LIST Grids climasystem - heating and cooling grids with oxygen barrier. with single entry fusion connection (incl. respective number of wall clamps.fixing rails and fixing clamps with plug) new Art.-No. old Art.-No. Dimension x 450 cm = 2.16 m pc x 500 cm = 2.40 m pc x 50 cm = 0.30 m pc x 60 cm = 0.36 m pc x 80 cm = 0.48 m pc x 100 cm = 0.60 m pc x 150 cm = 0.90 m pc x 200 cm= 1.20 m pc x 250 cm = 1.50 m pc x 300 cm = 1.80 m pc x 350 cm = 2.10 m pc x 400 cm = 2.40 m pc x 450 cm = 2.70 m pc x 500 cm = 3.00 m pc Special dimensions on request PU Piece Dry wall panels The dry wall system is composed of 12,5 mm thick system elements made of gypsum fibre with oxygen-tight climasystem grids. climasystem - dry wall heating element oxygen-tight, with pipe nozzle for welding connection Art.-No. Dimension x 50 cm 20 2 pc x 100 cm 20 2 pc PU Piece x 200 cm 20 2 pc Connection: PP-R 16 mm, weldable climasystem - corrugated connecting pipe oxygen-tight, weldable, for Art.-No Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup Productgroup cm 20 1 pc with twosided 90 elbow PU Piece 54

54 ARTICLE LIST 6 Dry wall panels climasystem - dry wall heating element oxygen tight, with SHT connection Art.-No. Dimension x 50 cm 20 2 pc x 100 cm 20 2 pc x 200 cm 20 2 pc Connection: SHT- sliding sleeve technology PU Piece climasystem - joint adhesive for climasystem - dry wall heating element Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup for 310 mm cartouche 20 1 pc The Fermacell-joint adhesive and further Fermacell products (drywall screws etc.) may be purchased directly at wholesale. PU Piece 55

55 6 ARTICLE LIST Accessories and grids climasystem - fixing rail for wall heating for heating and cooling grids Art.-No. Dimension Length = 24 cm pc PU Piece climasystem - wall bracket for heating and cooling grids Art.-No. Dimension pc PU Piece climasystem - fixing clamp with wall plug for ceiling installation Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup pc PU Piece climasystem - heating and cooling grids for ceiling panel with oxygen barrier: with sidewise plugconnection Art.-No. Dimension for panels 62.5 x 62.5 cm pc for panels 60 x 60 cm pc Special dimensions on request PU Piece climasystem - corrugated connecting pipe in ring, with oxygen barrier Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup pc for connection weldable with Art.- No , separable each 25 cm. PU Piece climasystem - corrugated connecting pipe with oxygen barrier, for Art-.No and Art.-No Dimension Length = 57 cm, double-sided pushfit connection Length = 57 cm, one-sided pushfit connection/ one-sided SHT 16 mm Length = 57 cm, one-sided pushfit connection/ one-sided PP-R 16 mm, weldable Productgroup Productgroup PU pc pc pc Piece 56

56 ARTICLE LIST 6 Accessories and grids climasystem - adapter one-sided pluggable / one-sided PP-R 16 mm weldable Art.-No. Dimension mm pc PU Piece climasystem - T-adapter Passage PP-R 16 mm weldable / branch pluggable Art.-No. Dimension x 16 x 25 mm pc PU Piece climasystem - 45 elbow-adapter one-sided pluggable / one-sided PP-R 16 mm weldable Art.-No. Dimension Productgroup Productgroup Productgroup Productgroup mm pc PU Piece 2 climasystem - sealing plug for wall and ceiling grids Art.-No. Dimension mm pc Welding tool for sealing plug Art.-No PU Piece 57

57 6 Notes NOtizen 58

58 AGB`s Our General Conditions of Sale and Delivery (Date: 02/09) Theyare printed completely on our homepage we will send them to you on demand! Subject to technical changes. aquatherm GmbH, This technical information is protected by copyright. Any reproduction will be prosecuted.