Developing Guidelines for Energy and Climate. A new Planning Instrument for Adapting

Transcription

1 Developing Guidelines for Energy and Climate Efficient Urban Structures A new Planning Instrument for Adapting Ho Chi Minh City to the Impacts of Climate Change Ronald Eckert 1, Christian Voigt 1 & Truong Trung Kien 2 1 Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Design, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/ Germany 2 Department of Urban Developing Planning Guidelines and Architecture, for Energy and Municipality Climate Efficient of Ho Urban Chi Structures Minh City/ Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City An emerging megacity (VN Express News 2009) (DigitalGlobe 2001/ Tran Thi Van/ Ha Duong Xuan Bao 2007) Transition from a centrally planned economy to a free market economy Growth Main target area of foreign direct investments Encouragement of rural-urban migration (up to 200,000 per year) Population growth: 60% %from 3.9 mill. (1989) to 6.3 mill. (2007) and additional 2 mill. non registered it migrants Almost triplication of settlement area & Demand Urban area 1989 (GSO HCMC 2007/ HoREA 2008) Urban area 2006 Population growth and projection

2 Climate change risks and vulnerability (Carew-Reid 2008 /SIUP South 2007) Impacts & Adaptation Inundation by 1m SLR Urban Land Industrial Land Impacts by seal level rise & tidal flooding, fluvial flooding, urban drainage flooding, heat waves and building subsidence 43% of HCMC s administrative and 11% of urban area affected Need for adaptation Spontaneous adaptation measures: e.g. uplifting ground floor level Context: Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi Minh Impacts & Adaptation Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Programme Research for Sustainable Development of the Megacities of Tomorrow Action Field Urban Environment will evaluate the local impacts of climate change as well as their spatial manifestation within the region of HCMC Action Field Urban Development will develop strategies for adapting the built environment on all spatial levels of urban development planning (region/ city/ neighbourhood/ building/ household and users) Joint consortium from German research institutions as well as Vietnamese research and admi- nistrative institutions, NGOs etc.

3 Focus: Mainstreaming of adaptation into the planning system Research questions How to mainstream adaptation in a country which focuses on a growth-first strategy that prioritizes economic growth and private capital investment over other concerns? How to implement planning guidelines and building codes as adaptation strategies into the Vietnamese planning system which is characterized by a low grade of planning regulations? How to manage an effective utilization of planning regula- tions during the permission i process for construction and development projects in an overburdened administration? Approach: Guidelines as a new planning instrument (DPA 2008) Pioneer HCMC: Development and implemen- tation of design guidelines for the first time in Vietnam Design guidelines refer to a prestigious area of four blocks in the inner city of HCMC Development criteria derived from current Master Plan is very simple Guidelines provide specific criteria, e.g. to limit building coverage, to limit building volumes, specify set-backs of buildings and to ensure architectural requirements Administration is lacking sufficient i capacity to extend the development and implementation of guidelines and to generalize the guidelines

4 Green Agenda HCMC: a multi-level strategy for sustainable development Level 1 Regional & City Level Level 2 Neighbourhood Level Level 3 Building Level Level 1 Guidelines Will be mainly related to environmental vulnerabilities and general urban development concepts on the regional and city level Have to correlate with the zoning categories of the Urban Development Plans Level 2 Guidelines Will be set-up for smaller areas and specific development projects Will focus on urban design, infrastructure, open spaces etc. Level 3 Guidelines Will promote energy efficient and climate conscious housing typologies Will give consideration to aspects like durability, ventilation and openness, thermal insulation and disaster prevention Further research Exemplary development and implementation of Level 2 and 3 guidelines within a specific area (High risk and/ or Urbanization control area) Focus on structural adaptation measures and their integration into the planning system Extension with measures like community-based adaptation to integrate t the affected population and awareness raising concepts

5 Thank you for your kind attention (Volker Martin 2008)