IV. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT. A. No Action Alternative

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1 IV. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT A. No Action Alternative The No Action alternative assumes that the proposed place of worship would not be constructed on the Site, and that the house, garage, and related residential structures on the Property would remain. JMC Figure IV.A, Site Alternative A: No Action depicts the existing conditions on the Property as they would remain. The Upper Westchester Muslim Society, a not-for-profit organization, would not be able to provide for its growth or to continue its activities at the Property, outgrown their currently leased space in Thornwood, NY. The UWMS is the owner of the 130 Pines Bridge Road Property, and would need to continue renting the existing home to residential tenants and not be able to use their Property as a center for prayer, Islamic education, and social gatherings, as well as for religious rites and ceremonies. The UWMS would not be able to use the Property to serve the Muslim community, and build bridges with their neighbors of other faiths. The UWMS would not be able to establish a place of worship in this residential neighborhood as other places of worship of other faiths have done within residential neighborhoods in the Town of New Castle. With No Action there would be no benefit of the proposed action in the short term, including the economic benefit from the construction for this use, which includes the creation of jobs and the expenditure of capital for materials for construction. Longer term, there would be no benefit similar to that provided by other places of worship within the Town by providing religious services, religious education, and community outreach programs. Regarding the benefits to the Town, the No Action alternative would continue to provide property and school tax revenue to the Town and school district because the Property would continue to 392

2 contain a residential use. There would be no increase in traffic over existing conditions, and no change in the existing service patterns for police, fire, and emergency services. B. Alternative Uses Permitted Under Existing Zoning 1. Conventional Single-Family Residential Subdivision Layout The subject Property is currently comprised of two individual lots (Lots 25 & 27) located in the R-2A District. Both lots meet the minimum bulk and dimensional requirements of the Town of New Castle to be developed. However, the overall Property can be re-subdivided into 3 buildable lots while meeting the Town of New Castle bulk and dimensional requirements for the R-2A District and providing as large a separation distance with the 150-foot wetlands buffer as possible. JMC Figure IV.B, Site Alternative B: Residential Subdivision depicts the layout of the subdivision. The three proposed subdivided lots would be accessible via a proposed 50 foot wide dead-end right-of-way, located along the Property s northeastern property line and intersecting Pines Bridge Road slightly offset to the Pines Bridge Road/Hoag Cross Road unsignalized intersection. Lot 1 would be 2.13 acres and is located on the western portion of the Property. A single family residential home would need to be constructed within the 150- foot wetlands buffer. Lot 2 would be 2.10 acres and would be located on the center of the Property. A single-family residential home could be constructed on Lot 2, with a minimal encroachment into the wetlands buffer. Lot 3 would be 3.22 acres and would be located on the eastern portion of the Property. A single family residential home could be constructed outside of the 150-foot wetlands buffer; however, a minimal encroachment into the buffer would be possible as well to place the dwelling closer to the street. All three lots meet the lot frontage, lot width, and lot depth requirements of the R-2A District. 393

3 C. Alternative Site Plan Elements 1. Site Layout That Would Involve No Disturbance Within The Town-Designated 150-Foot Wetlands Buffer Area The 150-foot wetland buffer expands across much of the southwestern and southern portions of the Property, leaving an irregular shaped section to the north and east outside the buffer. This irregularly shaped portion is a maximum of 200 feet at its widest point. It effectively cuts off the southeastern portion of the Property from the remainder of the Site. JMC Figure IV.C, Site Alternative C: No Wetlands Buffer Disturbance depicts the limited buildable area on the Property that is outside of the wetland buffer. A 35-space parking lot is depicted along with a 3,500 square foot (70 feet by 50 feet) place of worship. This facility is approximately 14% of the size of the Proposed Action building. A building of this size would be unable to accommodate the current and future educational, recreational, social, and religious needs of UWMS. As such, this size facility does not meet the needs of the UWMS. 2. Site Layout That Would Eliminate Impervious Surface On Former Tennis Court And Would Restore That Area To A Functioning Wetland Buffer The Proposed Action eliminates the existing impervious tennis court, fence, and four light poles around the perimeter of the tennis court and restores the area as a functioning wetlands buffer. In addition, the Proposed Action connects the isolated wetlands to the east and west of the large wetland with the large wetland centrally located on the Property, and restores and enhances the vegetation. JMC Figure IV.D, Site Alternative D: Removal of Existing Tennis Court and Restoration of Wetlands Buffer depicts the areas that are proposed to be restored as either wetlands or wetlands buffer. 394

4 3. Site Layout That Would Provide For Increased Separation And/Or An Increased Buffer Between Proposed Parking Facilities And The Neighboring Property Lines. In achieving an increased separation and buffer between the parking and the neighboring property to the northeast, this alternative shifts the building, drive aisle, and parking area on the northern face of the building approximately 40 feet to the southwest. This alternate layout is depicted on JMC Figure IV-E, Site Alternative E: Increased Separation Between Parking and Neighbors. The proposed site driveway intersection with Pines Bridge Road remains in the same location as the Proposed Action. This layout contains a total of 170 parking spaces, which is an increase of 26 parking spaces, to the same as the 170 total spaces studied as part of the Proposed Action. Three of the parking spaces located along the eastern property line are within the archeological prehistoric site area. A total of 22 parking spaces are proposed in the front of the building, which is an increase of six parking spaces in this area as compared to the 16 spaces proposed in the Proposed Action. This alternate layout results in a minimum distance of 57 feet from the northeastern property line to the parking area and 98 feet to the building. These distances represent large increases over the Proposed Action, in which the layout provides 20 feet of separation from the northeastern property line to the parking area and 61 feet from the property line to the building. However, this alternate layout results in a greater disturbance of the wetlands buffer area, and disturbance to the prehistoric site area. Under this layout, the wetland located on the southwestern portion of the Property is reduced to 28 feet from the development, whereas under the layout of the Proposed Action, this distance is 54 feet. 4. Site Layout That Would Provide For Connection Of The Proposed Use To The Sewer Line In Pines Bridge Road And Use Of The Ossining Sewage Treatment Plant Instead Of The Proposed On-Site Subsurface Sewage Disposal Area In establishing a connection the sanitary sewer force main located within Pines Bridge Road, this alternative eliminates the proposed septic system and 100% expansion area that was to be located within the parking area located to the northwest of the proposed building. The other elements of the layout (building location, parking areas, driveway location) remain unchanged 395

5 from the layout of the Proposed Action. This alternate layout is depicted on JMC Figure IV-F, Site Alternative F: Sanitary Sewer Connection into Pines Bridge Road Force Main. The proposed two-inch sanitary sewer will exit the southern face of the building, in the same location as the Proposed Action. After exiting the building, the sanitary sewer will travel southwestward around the proposed retaining wall, then travel northwestward towards the force main within Pines Bridge Road and tie into the force main at a force main manifold manhole. A total of 286 linear feet of two-inch pressurized PVC pipe is proposed for this purpose. 5. Site Layout That Would Demonstrate Maximum Practicable Application Of Sustainable Site Design Practices And "Green/Low Impact" Development Techniques And Components (Beyond Those That May Already Be Included In Proposed Action), Including But Not Limited To The Highest Possible Reduction Of Impervious Surfaces, The Use of "Green" Stormwater Practices (e.g. Rain Gardens, Bioretention, Curb Cuts) The Use Of Infiltration Instead Of Ponds For Stormwater Management, The Use Of Proposed Design And Construction Methods And/Or Long-Term Operational Practices Reflecting The Use Of Green Building Technology, And Application Of Measures To Achieve LEED Certification On A Conceptual Basis And Further Reduction Of The Proposed Action's Carbon Footprint. Practices And Techniques To Be Reflected In This Alternative Site Layout Need Not Be In Compliance With Existing Codes And Regulations, But The Alternative Site Layout Shall Incorporate Elements That Reflect Consistency With Prevailing Community Character Sustainability is defined as the consumption of natural resources in a manner that ensures that the resource will not be permanently depleted or damaged. The goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The Project design already incorporates a number of "green/low impact" features, as explained below. However, there are additional "green/low impact" practices which provide a "greener" Alterative as requested by the adopted Scoping document in Section 4.0.C.5 (Appendix C). 396

6 Additional "green/low impact" practices include the following, which are not proposed for the Project (Figure IV.G): A green roof, with plantings on the roof of the facility to utilize rainwater; Super-insulating the building exterior above and beyond the insulation proposed to further mitigate building heating and cooling needs; A geothermal heat pump system which draws its efficiency by utilizing the constant temperature of the sub-ground, which at this latitude is approximately 55 degrees; Occupancy sensors to control lighting to reduce energy consumption; Roof photovoltaic panels for partial electric creation for the building; Solar thermal panels for heating water; No-flow toilet fixtures for water savings; Solar powered parking lot lighting where solar collectors on each lighting fixture collect energy during the day and stores it in a battery, for use at night; 100% use of pervious pavement throughout all parking lots and driveways for rainwater infiltration; Rainwater harvesting for the collection and reuse of rainwater for landscaping and irrigation; Reuse of "grey water", which is any water that has been used in the facility, except water from toilets. Grey water may be used for landscape irrigation. With regard to the Proposed Action, a number of "green/low impact" practices are proposed. The Project will: 1) incorporate sustainable site techniques including: deconstruction of existing buildings for recycled content as well as storm water design, light pollution mitigation, and minimize building/site development footprint; 2) feature water efficiency through both selection of landscape material and low flow plumbing fixtures; 3) include energy efficient mechanical and electrical systems; 4) select materials that are produced regionally, contain high recycled material content, and no VOC s; and 5) utilize natural light and natural ventilation enhanced by high ceiling spaces, and orientation to maximize comfort while minimizing fossil fuel energy needs. 397

7 Site Design is the first step to a sustainable project. As stated, UWMS intends to deconstruct the existing buildings (instead of demolition), so that materials that can be recycled are separated from the general disposed material. This will generate less waste that needs to be deposited into land fill. The proposed building has been designed to take advantage of the Site contours and be compact with minimal space for circulation and most rooms designed to have multiple functions. The Greeting Hall and Social Hall are primary examples of careful design that maximizes available space. The Greeting Hall functions as 1) the reception area before and after services, 2) display and circulation hallway to the educational area, and 3) expanded worship area during holy day services. The Social Hall functions as 1) a dining hall for potluck dinners and receptions, 2) a gymnasium for athletic activities, and 3) expanded worship area during the holy days. In lieu of expanding the building footprint, the design also utilizes the site grade and orientation exposure to create a lower level for educational purposes (out of a basement) which gains light and egress due to the sloping site. The landscape and plumbing design is intended to limit water consumption on campus. Landscape material selection will be indigenous. Once established over the first year, will require no or minimal irrigation. The selection of water efficient fixtures will reduce internal consumption by up to 30% of water usage by incorporating low flow water toilet/urinal fixtures and sensor activated sinks. Reduction of energy usage is critical for a sustainable building. UWMS will take a holistic approach to building and system design. This includes the building envelope or exterior wall construction and the heating / cooling and lighting/power systems. The base plan is to use an augmented building enclosure by incorporating a thicker mass of insulation than is Code required, as well as utilizing low-e insulated glazing to reduce heat gain and maximize R-value. Highly efficient mechanical systems, which utilize the returning hot and cool air to temper the new supply (heat recovery) and programmable intelligent mechanical systems, are planned. The use of natural daylight has been focal to the conceptual design. Daylighting takes into account sun angles, orientation, and proposed hours of operation to maximize the sun s energy and minimize the need for artificial lighting. Clerestory fenestration and skylights will draw in 398

8 natural light further into the building than perimeter windows alone. The natural light will be augmented with energy efficient lighting fixtures. The building will also be designed with regional building materials wherever possible, a high level of recyclable building materials and no volatile organic compounds (VOC s). Each building product that is specified will be reviewed within these criteria. Fortunately, the construction industry has modified many of their practices in the past decade, so that not only are there many more products that have green attributes, but they are also cost effective. 6. Alternative Traffic Impact Analysis Complete And Describe The Results Of A "Sensitivity Analysis" That Reflects A Different Distribution Of Site-Generated Traffic For Use Of The Proposed Facility On Weekday And Weekend Peak Hours And On High Holy Days. As An Alternative To The Trip Distribution Examined Under The Proposed Action, The Alternative Analysis Shall Assign The Anticipated Number Of Families And Students Expected To Use The Facility By 2018 According To The Following Distribution Patterns: 399

9 Roadway Segment Used Percent Of Total Taconic Parkway Northbound To Pines Bridge Road Westbound 15 Taconic Parkway Southbound To NY Route 134 Westbound 11 Pines Bridge Road Eastbound 30 Pines Bridge Road Eastbound (East Of Parkway) 15 NY Route 134 Eastbound From NY Route 9A 29 Total 100 The "Sensitivity Analysis" Shall Be Modeled After Subsections 3.7.B.1.D Through 3.7.B.1.I Of The Scope (Appendix C) Inclusive And Shall Also Include Capacity Analyses For The Following Intersections In Addition To Those Identified Under Subsection 3.7.A.1.B Of The Scope: Croton Dam Road (NY Route 134 At Taconic State Parkway Ramps (Four Intersections) Manual turning movement counts were conducted on Friday, February 8, 2008, and Saturday, February 9, 2008, which are the same dates as the counts performed for the primary analysis. All counts were conducted from 11:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Schools were in session and there were no holidays during the count dates. Fridays and Saturdays were chosen as count dates because they are typically the highest traffic volume days of the week, and Fridays and Saturdays have the highest anticipated site-generated volumes for the facility. Based on a manual traffic volume survey that was performed at the Pines Bridge Road/Hoag Cross Road intersection on Monday 6/7/2010 from 9:00-10:00 AM, the Monday and other weekday volumes along Pines Bridge Road resulting from the ATR counts were found to be generally similar to and/or lower than the volumes occurring between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm. The manual count conducted on 6/7/2010 is consistent with ATR counts. The DEIS superimposed the holiday site generated peak hour volumes on the volumes counted at the 400

10 area intersections on Friday at 1:15-2:15 pm. Since the Monday morning volumes are consistent with the Friday afternoon volumes, no additional counts are believed to be necessary for determining the holiday traffic impact on the area intersections. The Tables, ATR counts and the manual turning movement count data are included in Volume III Appendix L. a. Vehicle Trip Distribution The Sensitivity Analysis Site Generated Distributions reflect additional trips utilizing local roads such as Hoag Cross Road and Pines Bridge Road to access the Site instead of utilizing the arterial Taconic State Parkway, which was the anticipated travel route of the majority of site generated trips as outlined in Section 3.7.B.1.d above. The Sensitivity Analysis Distributions are depicted on Figure 11A in Appendix L. The traffic counts for the additional intersections that are included in the Sensitivity Analysis were conducted on Friday, February 1, 2008 and Saturday, February 2, The Sensitivity Analysis Site Generated Distributions are unrealistic given the roadway network in the vicinity of the Site. Such a large percentage of vehicles travelling to the Site from NY 9A would likely not continue eastward on Croton Dam Road (NY 134) up to subsequently travel southwestward on McDonald Road/Hoag Cross Road to access Pines Bridge Road. Vehicles could also use Grace Lane, which connects Croton Dam Road (NY 134) to Pines Bridge Road less than one mile to the south of the Site. Grace Lane provides a more direct route to the Site from Croton Dam Road (NY 134). Therefore, the Sensitivity Analysis Distributions are considered conservative for intersection operations at the Hoag Cross Road/Pines Bridge Road intersection. b. Build Traffic Volume Projections Multiplying the overall Site Generated Volumes by the Sensitivity Analysis Site Generated Distributions results in the Sensitivity Analysis Site Generated Volumes for each intersection. The Sensitivity Analysis Site Generated Volumes are depicted on 401

11 Figures 12A, 13A, and 14A in Appendix L. Addition of the Sensitivity Analysis Site Generated Volumes with the 2018 No-Build Volumes results in the 2018 Sensitivity Analysis Build Volumes. The 2018 Sensitivity Analysis Build Volumes are depicted on Figures 15A, 16A, 17A, and 18A in Appendix L. In addition to the intersections included in the primary traffic analysis above, the Sensitivity Analysis includes the Croton Dam Road (NY 134) and Taconic State Parkway Ramps as additional intersections to evaluate operations as well. These additional intersections have minimal site generated traffic as compared to the originally studied intersections. c. Capacity Analyses The 2018 Sensitivity Analysis Build intersection operations are summarized in Table 4A, Sensitivity Analysis Intersection Operations Friday, 1:15-2:15 PM, Table 5A, Sensitivity Analysis Intersection Operations Saturday, 12:00-1:00 PM, and Table 6A, Sensitivity Intersection Operations Saturday, 1:15-2:15 PM, located in Appendix L. The Capacity Analyses are provided in Appendix L. The Capacity Analyses for the three hours (Friday, 1:15-2:15 PM; Saturday, 12:00-1:00 PM; and Saturday, 1:15-2:15 PM) indicate that the intersections under consideration operate with excess capacity and excellent Levels of Service during the Sensitivity Analysis Build conditions. Similar to the primary traffic analysis above, delays are expected to be minimal in all directions at each intersection. d. Findings & Discussion The Capacity Analyses for all three hours under consideration indicate that there is excess capacity and there are minimal delays for all intersections during the 2008 Existing, 2018 No-Build, and 2018 Sensitivity Analysis Build conditions. The overall intersection delays 402

12 and Levels of Service for the 2008 Existing, 2018 No-Build, and 2018 Sensitivity Analysis Build conditions are summarized in the Tables below: TABLE IV.C-1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY FRIDAY, 1:15-2:15 PM INTERSECTION 1. Pines Bridge Road & Proposed Site Driveway 2. Pines Bridge Road & Hoag Cross Road 3. Pines Bridge Road & T.S.P. Southbound Ramp 4. Pines Bridge Road & T.S.P. Northbound Ramp 5. Pines Bridge Road & Shingle House Road 6. Croton Dam Rd/Kitchawan Rd (NY 134) & McDonald Rd 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (TYPICAL DAILY ACTIVITIES) 2018 BUILD (HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) N/A N/A 2.8 A 6.1 A 0.7 A 0.7 A 1.6 A 2.8 A 1.8 A 1.9 A 1.7 A 1.3 A 2.5 A 2.5 A 2.4 A 2.1 A 3.4 A 3.5 A 3.3 A 3.0 A 0.6 A 0.7 A 1.3 A 2.7 A 403

13 TABLE IV.C-1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY FRIDAY, 1:15-2:15 PM INTERSECTION 7. Croton Dam Road/Kitchawa n Road (NY 134) & Illington Road/Grant Lane/T.S.P. Southbound On-Ramp 8. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Southbound Off-Ramp 9. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Southbound Off-Ramp 10. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Northbound Off-Ramp 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (TYPICAL DAILY ACTIVITIES) 2018 BUILD (HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) 1.0 A 1.1 A 1.1 A 1.1 A 1.9 A 1.9 A 1.9 A 1.8 A 1.2 A 1.3 A 1.3 A 1.2 A 1.5 A 1.6 A 1.6 A 1.5 A 404

14 TABLE IV.C-1 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY FRIDAY, 1:15-2:15 PM INTERSECTION 11. Croton Dam Road/Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Northbound On- Ramp 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD Notes: (1) Delay is average seconds delay per vehicle (2) LOS represents level of service 2018 BUILD (TYPICAL DAILY ACTIVITIES) 2018 BUILD (HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) 1.7 A 1.8 A 1.9 A 2.1 A 405

15 TABLE IV.C-2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY SATURDAY, 12:00-1:00 PM INTERSECTION 1. Pines Bridge Road & Proposed Site Driveway 2. Pines Bridge Road & Hoag Cross Road 3. Pines Bridge Road & T.S.P. Southbound Ramp 4. Pines Bridge Road & T.S.P. Northbound Ramp 5. Pines Bridge Road & Shingle House Road 6. Croton Dam Rd/Kitchawan Rd (NY 134) & McDonald Rd 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (TYPICAL DAILY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) N/A N/A 5.3 A 0.9 A 3.0 A 3.9 A 1.4 A 0.7 A 0.6 A 2.9 A 3.1 A 3.1 A 4.0 A 4.4 A 3.9 A 0.4 A 0.4 A 1.6 A 406

16 TABLE IV.C-2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY SATURDAY, 12:00-1:00 PM INTERSECTION 7. Croton Dam Road/Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & Illington Road/Grant Lane/T.S.P. Southbound On- Ramp 8. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Southbound Off- Ramp 9. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Southbound Off- Ramp 10. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Northbound Off- Ramp 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (TYPICAL DAILY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) 1.0 A 1.1 A 1.1 A 2.2 A 2.3 A 2.3 A 1.2 A 1.2 A 1.2 A 1.3 A 1.4 A 1.4 A 407

17 TABLE IV.C-2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY SATURDAY, 12:00-1:00 PM INTERSECTION 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (TYPICAL DAILY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) 11. Croton Dam Road/Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. 3.1 A 3.2 A 3.4 A Northbound On- Ramp Notes: (1) Delay is average seconds delay per vehicle (2) LOS represents level of service 408

18 TABLE IV.C-3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY SATURDAY, 1:15-2:15 PM INTERSECTION 1. Pines Bridge Road & Proposed Site Driveway 2. Pines Bridge Road & Hoag Cross Road 3. Pines Bridge Road & T.S.P. Southbound Ramp 4. Pines Bridge Road & T.S.P. Northbound Ramp 5. Pines Bridge Road & Shingle House Road 6. Croton Dam Rd/Kitchawan Rd (NY 134) & McDonald Rd 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) N/A N/A 6.8 A 1.0 A 3.0 A 4.2 A 1.4 A 0.7 A 0.6 A 3.2 A 3.3 A 2.9 A 3.1 A 3.8 A 3.2 A 0.6 A 0.6 A 2.7 A 409

19 TABLE IV.C-3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY SATURDAY, 1:15-2:15 PM INTERSECTION 7. Croton Dam Road/Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & Illington Road/Grant Lane/T.S.P.Southbo und On-Ramp 8. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Southbound Off- Ramp 9. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Southbound Off- Ramp 10. Croton Dam Road/ Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Northbound Off- Ramp 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) 1.4 A 1.6 A 1.5 A 2.3 A 2.4 A 2.3 A 0.9 A 1.0 A 0.9 A 1.3 A 1.5 A 1.5 A 410

20 TABLE IV.C-3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS INTERSECTION LEVELS OF SERVICE SUMMARY SATURDAY, 1:15-2:15 PM INTERSECTION 11. Croton Dam Road/Kitchawan Road (NY 134) & T.S.P. Northbound On- Ramp Notes: (1) Delay is average seconds delay per vehicle (2) LOS represents level of service 2008 EXISTING 2018 NO-BUILD 2018 BUILD (HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) DELAY(1) LOS(2) 2.7 A 2.7 A 3.1 A The proposed development of the Property is expected to have marginal, if any, increases on delays for all approaches as compared to the 2018 No-Build conditions and even the 2008 Existing conditions. The roadways have relatively low existing volumes which contribute to their ability to handle both the general growth and the site generated traffic. e. Analysis None of the traffic impacts of the Sensitivity Analysis are considered significant based upon the criteria outlined the Scope. No Levels of Service deteriorate from A, B, C to D, E, or F. In fact, the largest deterioration is from an A to a B. No volume to capacity (v/c) ratios approach 1.0 in the No-Build or Build scenario, as the highest ratio during the Build condition for any of the hours under consideration is 0.25 (for the proposed Site Driveway during the 2018 Build (Holiday) Friday hour). No intersections under consideration have dedicated turning lanes, as they are all unsignalized intersections with low volumes of traffic. Therefore, the queue length requirements do not apply. 411

21 f. Impacts On Pedestrian And Bicycle Circulation In The Vicinity Of The Site As mentioned previously, there was minimal pedestrian and bicycle activity observed in the vicinity of the Site. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed facility s traffic under the Sensitivity Analysis would have minimal impact on pedestrian and bicycle circulation as there is minimal pedestrian and bicycle activity under existing conditions. 412

22 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT Table IV.1 Comparison of UWMS Alternatives PROPOSED ACTION Alternative "B" Uses Permitted Under Existing Zoning (Residential Subdivision) Alternative "C" No Wetland Buffer Impact Alternative "D" Removal of Tennis Court Impervious Surface ALTERNATIVES Alternative "E" Increased Neighbor Buffer Alternative "F" Sewer Connection Alternative "G" "Green/Low Impact" Parcel Size (acres) 8.33 Acres 8.33 Acres 8.33 Acres 8.33 Acres 8.33 Acres 8.33 Acres 8.33 Acres Project Type Place of Worship Residential Place of Place of Worship Place of Worship Place of Worship Place of Worship Worship No. of Buildings Total Square Footage Of Buildings # of Dwelling Units Type of Dwelling Units # of Bedrooms Per Unit Steep Slopes ( 15%) Total on Site % of Site 24,690 N/A 0.63 acres 8% 4,500/Each (minimum) 3 Single-Family Detached acres 8% 3,500 24,690 24,690 24,690 24,690 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.63 acres 8% 0.63 acres 8% 0.63 acres 8% 0.63 acres 8% 0.63 acres 8% Total Disturbed % Disturbed Wetlands, Watercourses And Waterbodies Total on Site % of Site 0.17 acres 27% 0.57 acres 6.90% 0.16 acres 25% 0.57 acres 6.90% 0.03 acres 5% 0.57 acres 6.90% 0.18 acres 29% 0.57 acres 6.90% 0.17 acres 27% 0.57 acres 6.90% 0.17 acres 27% 0.57 acres 6.90% 0.17 acres 27% 0.57 acres 6.90% Total Disturbed % Disturbed 0 acres 0% 0 acres 0% 0 acres 0% 0 acres 0% 0 acres 0% 0 acres 0% 0 acres 0% 150-Foot Wetland Buffer 4.68 acres 4.68 acres 4.68 acres 4.68 acres 4.68 acres 4.68 acres 4.68 acres Total on Site 56% 56% 56% 56% 56% 56% 56% % of Site Total Disturbed % Disturbed % % 0 0% % % % % Proposed Impervious Surfaces (%) 12.7% (1) 6.2% 5.5% 12.7% (1) 12.7% (1) 12.7% (1) 5.6% (1)

23 Table IV.1 Comparison of UWMS Alternatives PROPOSED ACTION Alternative "B" Uses Permitted Under Existing Zoning (Residential Subdivision) Alternative "C" No Wetland Buffer Impact Alternative "D" Removal of Tennis Court Impervious Surface ALTERNATIVES Alternative "E" Increased Neighbor Buffer Alternative "F" Sewer Connection Alternative "G" "Green/Low Impact" Peak Hour Vehicular Trips Including Credit for Existing Trips AM N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A PM (See Note 3) SAT Holiday 216 N/A Land Use, Planning and Zoning Uses Permitted Use Place of Worship 1-Family Detached Dwellings (3) Subsurface Sewage Treatment System Site Disturbance (Acres) Provided; maximum 1,580 gallons per day discharge; 7,854± s.f. of wetland buffer disturbance 3 Separate Systems, Combined 1,320 gallons per day discharge; no wetland buffer disturbance Place of Worship Place of Worship Place of Worship Place of Worship Place of Worship Provided; maximum 1,580 gallons per day discharge; no wetland buffer disturbance Provided; maximum 1,580 gallons per day discharge; 7,854± s.f. of wetland buffer disturbance Provided; maximum 1,580 gallons per day discharge; 7,854± s.f. of wetland buffer disturbance Not Needed; 287 linear feet by 10 feet wide (2,870± s.f.) of construction disturbance with permanent installation of sanitary piping Provided; maximum 1,580 gallons per day discharge; 7,854± s.f. of wetland buffer disturbance -Total -Vegetation -# of Trees Removed Water Usage (gpd) ,580 (See Section III.F.2.b.i)) Air Quality and Noise Impact Imperceptible(17) Less additional traffic noise than Proposed Action; no air quality impact ,320 1,580 1,580 1,580 1,580 Less than 1,580 (17) Imperceptible (17) Imperceptible (17) 37 feet of increased separation from northerly property line helps reduce minor noise from student outside breaks (17) Imperceptible Number of Children Entering Public School System (17) Imperceptible

24 Table IV.1 Comparison of UWMS Alternatives Alternative "B" Uses Permitted PROPOSED Under Existing ACTION Zoning (Residential Subdivision) Impact on Town Recreational Facilities None Use by 3 additional families Alternative "C" No Wetland Buffer Impact Alternative "D" Removal of Tennis Court Impervious Surface ALTERNATIVES Alternative "E" Increased Neighbor Buffer Alternative "F" Sewer Connection Alternative "G" "Green/Low Impact" None None None None None Fiscal Impacts Tax-Exempt but minimal use of Town Services Pay Property Taxes for 3 single-family homes Tax-Exempt but minimal use of Town Services Tax-Exempt but minimal use of Town Services Tax-Exempt but minimal use of Town Services Tax-Exempt but minimal use of Town Services Tax-Exempt but minimal use of Town Services Visual Impacts Construction Impacts Screened view of building from roadway (222 feet distant) and northerly property line (61 feet distant)(see Volume I, Section III.M.2.b, and Figures III.M-3, a, b, c) Temporary noise and land disturbance from construction (see Volume I, Section III.N for discussion) Smaller residential structure but 137 feet closer to roadway than Proposed Action; 125 feet to northerly property line Construction time extended with phasing of roadway and home construction; temporary noise and land disturbance impacts Smaller building at 226 feet from roadway and 98 feet from northerly property line reduces visual impact Smaller building and parking area reduces extent and time of construction; temporary noise and land disturbance impacts Screened view of building from roadway (222 feet distant) and northerly property line (61 feet distant), same as Proposed Action Temporary noise and land disturbance from construction, same as Proposed Action Screened view of building from roadway (222 feet distant) and increased northerly neighbor buffer with northerly property line 98 feet distant, helps reduce visual impacts Temporary noise and land disturbance from construction; 0.4 additional acres of site disturbance than Proposed Action Screened view of building from roadway (222 feet distant) and northerly property line (61 feet distant), same as Proposed Action Temporary noise and land disturbance from construction (insert sf. for trench for pipe), same as Proposed Action Screened view of building from roadway (222 feet distant) and northerly property line (61 feet distant), same as Proposed Action Temporary noise and land disturbance from construction, same as Proposed Action Notes: 1. Impervious Surface Percentages do not include areas of proposed pervious pavement. For Proposed Action and Alternatives D, E, and F, pervious pavement accounts for a total of 0.94 acres (11.3% of total property area). For Alternative G, pervious pavement area accounts for a total of 1.48 acres (17.8% of total property area). 2. The Peak PM Hour for the Place of Worship use is 1:15-2:15 PM; the Peak PM Hour for a residential subdivision would be between 4:00 and 6:00 PM. 3. Other principal permitted uses within the R-2A zoning district are: 1. Public School. 2. Private School.*

25 3. Public library, museum or art gallery not operated for profit.* 4. Municipal use of the Town of New Castle. 5. Monastery or private club, not operated for profit.* 6. Plant nursery.* 7. Day nursery or day play school operated and conducted in accordance with recognized standards and practices in the field of child training or education.* 8. College, seminary or university having a curriculum approved by the State Board of Regents.* 9. Summer theater for presentation of plays between June 1 and October 1.* 10. Gas and electric power transmission lines and transformers and switching stations.* 11. Nursing homes.* 12, For religious (other than places of worship and monasteries as permitted above), charitable or other similar nonprofit uses, referred to as institutional uses. * 13. The farming of crops and/or the raising of poultry, livestock, chinchillas or rabbits, subject to the issuance of a special use permit by the Town Board.* 14. Utility structures for the transmission, storage and/or treatment of water and sewage.** 15. Structurally mounted wireless telecommunication services facility (minor).** 16. Structurally mounted wireless telecommunication services facility (major), monopole and tower, subject to issuance of a special permit by the Planning Board. 17. As described in Volume I, Section III.H.2.a, NYSDOT guidelines use hierarchical criteria to determine whether an air quality analysis is required for a proposed development. For the subject project and all alternatives, applying these criteria has determined that no further air quality analysis is required. As described in Volume I, Section III.H.2.b, noise increases resulting from increased traffic will be imperceptible to most observers. Minor noise generated by short outside breaks from religious school students will be intermittent in nature. * Requires Special Permit Approval from the Zoning Board of Appeals. ** Requires Site Development Plan Approval from the Planning Board. f:\2005\5043\comparison of uwms alternatives Table IV.1.docx

26 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK DATE: 03/11/2011 FIGURE: IV.A SITE ALTERNATIVE A NO ACTION JMC PROJECT: 5043 SCALE: 1" = 80'

27 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK DATE: 03/11/2011 FIGURE: IV.B SITE ALTERNATIVE B RESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISION JMC PROJECT: 5043 SCALE: 1" = 80'

28 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD DATE: FIGURE: IV.C UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK SITE ALTERNATIVE C NO WETLAND BUFFER DISTURBANCE JMC PROJECT: 5043 SCALE: 1" = 80'

29 234 sf STORAGE A4c SOCIAL HALL / ACTIVITY HALL MEETING ROOM BASKETBALL COURT 50x68 4,510 SF A4 CEILING HEIGHT: 25'-6" CENTER, 19'-0" SIDES WARMING KITCHEN 402 sf 472 sf A4b BABY SITTING 234 sf A11 MASJID 231 sf 15 sf A5a MEN A5 VESTIBULE (MEN'S PRAYER HALL) A3 A6 196 sf JAN 135 sf ABLUTION CEILING HEIGHT: 25'-6" CENTER 19'-0" SIDES OFFICE A4a JAN A7a 15 sf WOMEN A7 A6b 2,836 sf 194 sf 177 sf 196 sf 135 sf ABLUTION A8b CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" QUIET ROOM 753 sf A8a GREETING HALL A2 B1 STAIR 1,546 sf 46 sf VESTIBULE A8 (WOMEN'S AREA) A3b STOR A9 ENTRY HALL 230 sf 231 sf CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" DINING 208 sf A10 CORRIDOR A1 CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" DAILY PRAYER 753 sf A6a 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK DATE: 03/11/2011 SITE ALTERNATIVE D REMOVAL OF EXISTING TENNIS COURT AND RESTORATION OF WETLANDS BUFFER JMC PROJECT: 5043 FIGURE: IV.D SCALE: 1" = 80'

30 234 sf STORAGE A4c BASKETBALL COURT 50x68 SOCIAL HALL / 4,510 SF ACTIVITY HALL A4 CEILING HEIGHT: 25'-6" CENTER, 19'-0" SIDES WARMING KITCHEN 402 sf MEETING ROOM 472 sf A11 A4b BABY SITTING 234 sf A4a JAN A7a 15 sf STAIR 177 sf 196 sf WOMEN CEILING HEIGHT: 25'-6" CENTER 19'-0" SIDES MASJID 15 sf A5a MEN A7 135 sf VESTIBULE (MEN'S PRAYER HALL) A3 2,836 sf 194 sf OFFICE A9 196 sf 231 sf JAN A5 A6 135 sf ABLUTION ABLUTION A8b QUIET ROOM 753 sf A6b A8a CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" GREETING HALL 1,546 sf A2 B1 46 sf STOR A3b 230 sf 231 sf VESTIBULE A8 (WOMEN'S AREA) CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" 208 sf DINING A10 CORRIDOR ENTRY HALL A1 DAILY PRAYER 753 sf A6a 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK DATE: 03/11/2011 FIGURE: IV.E SITE ALTERNATIVE E INCREASED SEPARATION BETWEEN PARKING AND NEIGHBORS JMC PROJECT: 5043 SCALE: 1" = 80'

31 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK DATE: 03/11/2011 SITE ALTERNATIVE F SANITARY SEWER CONNECTION INTO PINES BRIDGE ROAD FORCE MAIN JMC PROJECT: 5043 FIGURE: IV.F SCALE: 1" = 80'

32 A11 A9 A4 A4c JAN A5a 15 sf MEN A5 A4b A10 A3b A6b A6 A6a JAN A7a 15 sf 46 sf A2 A1 A4a B1 A3 A7 A8 A8b A8a CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" 402 sf WARMING KITCHEN DINING 208 sf OFFICE 194 sf CORRIDOR CEILING HEIGHT: 25'-6" CENTER, 19'-0" SIDES SOCIAL HALL / ACTIVITY HALL 4,510 SF ENTRY HALL 230 sf BASKETBALL COURT 50x sf MEETING ROOM STOR ABLUTION 135 sf GREETING HALL 1,546 sf VESTIBULE 231 sf BABY SITTING 234 sf DAILY PRAYER 753 sf CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" MASJID 2,836 sf (MEN'S PRAYER HALL) 19'-0" SIDES CEILING HEIGHT: 25'-6" CENTER WOMEN 472 sf 177 sf STAIR (WOMEN'S AREA) VESTIBULE 196 sf 231 sf ABLUTION 135 sf QUIET ROOM 753 sf CEILING HEIGHT: 9'-0" STORAGE 234 sf 130 PINES BRIDGE ROAD DATE: 04/18/2012 FIGURE: IV.G UWMS MASJID & ISLAMIC CENTER SITE ALTERNATIVE G GREEN/LOW IMPACT TOWN OF NEW CASTLE, NEW YORK JMC PROJECT: 5043 SCALE: 1" = 80'