Urban Green Belts - a way to sustainable urbanisation?
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1 Urban Green Belts Urban Green Belts - a way to sustainable urbanisation? Seite 1
2 Urban Green Belts Urban green belts a way towards sustainable urbanisation? Seite 2
3 Urban green belts 1. Idea and history of green belts 2. Different schemes of green belts 3. How to handle a green belt system? 4. Conclusions and suggestions Seite 3
4 1. Idea and history of green belts Hippodamos 510 B.C. 450 B.C. Ebenezer Howard Patrick Abercrombie Seite 4
5 Hellenistic Ideal City Urban Planning Principles - Par example Milet by Hippodamos 480 B.C.- 1. Functional segregation - but on a small scale 2. Orthogonal rastered ground plan 3. Centralised and emphasised public and commercial facilities 4. Spatial and numeral limit Seite 5
6 Hellenistic Ideal City Homogenous low rise high density housing 6 Seite 6
7 Ebenzer Howard: the Idea of Garden Cities (1898) What are the essentials? 1. Urban Planning Principles a normativ model of settlements spatial and numeral limits of his garden cities system green belts to limit and to structure urbanised spaces functional segregation of uses centralised public + private facilities individual housing low rise high density 2. Social Reforms 3. Project Management Seite 7
8 Abercrombie s Greater London Plan 1944 Seite 8
9 London s Green Belt development ( ) Seite 9
10 Definition of green belt A green belt is a spatial planning instrument, 1. to limit the sprawl of human settlements 2. to structure the settlements on a regional scale 3. to protect spoil and natural ressources 4. to enable agricultural and forestal production 5. to enable recreation nearby human settlements Seite 10
11 2. Different schemes of green belts Seite 11
12 Regional Open Space Concept of the Ruhr District Cities Example for a vrtical and horizontal grid Example for a vertical and horizontal grid Seite 12
13 Regional Open Space System Hannover Region Example for a ring = green belt Seite 13
14 Green net concept City of Hamburg Example for 2 rings and axes Seite 14
15 3. How to handle a green belt system? Seite 15
16 German Territoral Units and Planning Levels BRD Federal Land Land development program Region Regional spatial progam Municipality Part of a municipality Preparatory land-use plan Binding land-use plan Seite 16
17 Administrativ structure of the Hannover Region Seite 17
18 Integrated spatial concept of the Hannover-Region Seite 18
19 Open space protection and development Graphic and textual presentation RROP Priority area for open space functions in and between densely urbanised and havily burdened areas of planning spaces In these areas all significant spatial plannings and measures must be compatible with the priority purpose. In these areas only such publicinstallations or facilities shall be planned which are necessary for the region and can not be realized nearby the settlements and for those within the settlements no suitable areas are available. The open spaces of the regional important open space system shall neither by edifical facilities in the sense of settlement nor by other land uses be affected in their ecolocical and social functions. Seite 19
20 Open Space Functional Areas Ecolocical Functions Economical Functions Social Functions Nature + Landscape Agriculture Species + biotop protection Plants + animals Biotop networking Soil protection Climate Efficiency of the ecosystem Food production Raw material prod. jobs Recreation Protection of rural areas + cultural landscape Open Space Functions Forestry Soil protection Biotop protection Biotop networking Climate Wood production jobs Recreation Recreation Traffic reduction (short ways) Positive regional locational factor jobs Experiencing Nature Communication Protection of Raw materials Potential of subsequent use Extraction of raw materials Existential benefit Protection of Drinking water Water filter Renewal of groundwater Extraction of water Existential benefit Climate Exchange of air Balance of temperature Oxygen supply Positive regional locational factor Reduction of health costs Existential benefit health Settlement structure Ecological networking Better emission balance Traffic reduction Optimal use of infrastructure Identification Social surrounding Seite 20
21 Prof. Eckart Güldenberg Seite 21
22 Conflict of interests: settlement versus green belt? Regional Plan 1996 Regional Plan 2005 Seite 22
23 New settlement and open space concept Seite 23
24 Activities to protect and to develop Green Belts 1. Improvement of agricultural structures + ecological land use 2. Enhancement of forest areas 3. Conservation, preservation + development of nature 4. Improvement of recreation, sport + tourism areas 5. Acquisition of real estate 6. Appropriation by the citizens Seite 24
25 Regional Open Space Concept City of Hamburg Activities to develop open spaces Seite 25
26 Key projects Seite 26
27 Real estate acquisition to protect open space areas Seite 27
28 People taking possession of their green belt Seite 28
29 Conclusions and suggestions 1. Administrativ and legislativ conditions for a regional planning system 2. Integrated spatial regional concept for the settlement and open space structure 3. Open space concept with a green belt and a network of public green within the city 4. Special planning objective with priority for open space areas 5. Informell activities to defend the open space areas Seite 29
30 Thank you very much for your attention Seite 30
31 Conclusions and suggestions for HCMCity? Seite 31
32 Comparison of legends Seite 32
33 Geplantes Baugebiet Hannover In der Rehre (Ausschnitt aus RROP 1996) Seite 33
34 c Erläuterungskarte 3 pdf 34 Seite 34
35 Raum-, Siedlungs- und Freiraumstruktur RROP Hannover 2005 Seite 35
36 Freiraumfunktionen Seite 36
37 Seite 37
38 Seite 38
39 Seite 39
40 Seite 40
41 Comparison of legends HCMCity Masterplan 2025 Seite 41
42 Conflict of interests: settlement versus green belt? Seite 42
43 Seite 43
44 Seite 44
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