D. Energy Baseline Assessment

Transcription

1 D. Energy Baseline Assessment D.1. INTRODUCTION Erie International Airport is a publicly owned, primary commercial service airport that serves the aviation needs of Erie County, PA and its surrounding areas. As part of the Master Plan Update, McFarland Johnson performed an Energy Baseline assessment of the existing Passenger Terminal Building, the U.S. Customs and Border Control Building, the Airfield Maintenance and Fire Station Building and the Electrical Vault. The passenger terminal building is the primary transition point from surface to air transportation for the airport. The original building was constructed circa 1956 and there have been several additions and renovation projects since. At its current configuration the terminal building occupies approximately 47,6 ft 2. It is a steel frame, concrete block and face brick construction building with primarily double pane windows and skylights and a flat EPDM, gravel ballast roof. The U.S. Customs and Border Control Building is an approximately 2,2 ft 2 masonry / face brick construction building, with double pane windows and a flat EPDM roof. It was constructed in The Airfield Maintenance and Fire Station Building is a 16,5 ft 2 building. The building is a steel structure and concrete block with a brick facade and a flat built-up roof construction. The original portion was constructed at the same time that the passenger terminal building was built, in 1956, and has since had two additions added to it. A three-vehicle bay addition was constructed in 1988 on the south end of the building to accommodate the Airport s ARFF vehicles, and two vehicle bays were constructed on the north end of the building for housing maintenance equipment. The Airport is currently supplied water by the City of Erie Water Authority. A six-inch diameter water line serves the terminal complex from a water main running along West 12th Street. The passenger terminal complex is served by a six-inch diameter sanitary sewer line connected to the city s trunk line. Natural gas is supplied to the terminal building by National Fuel Gas; a natural gas line runs from West 12th Street to the meter room on the basement floor of the terminal. GPU supplies electric power to the airport via above-ground power lines running from West 12th Street to Grant Avenue, then underground to the weather bureau, terminal building, and the remaining areas on the Airport. D.2. PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING D.2.1. Electrical Systems Description Most of the lighting within the terminal has been upgraded to energy efficient T8 and compact fluorescent. There are still some incandescent lamps installed in downlights (café) and T12 linear D-1

2 fluorescent lamps being used in some areas in the front and back-of-house spaces (kitchen, baggage handling, airline supply spaces, offices, stairwells, cove lights behind ticketing, linear fixtures above the drop ceiling outside passenger screening). T5 fixtures have been installed in the ceiling in the area after passenger screening. The basement lighting is a mix of T12 and T8 lamp linear fixtures (4 and 8 lengths) and ceramic light bases with compact fluorescent and LED bulbs installed in them. Second floor lighting is a mix of T8 and T12 recessed troffers with acrylic lenses. All lighting is controlled with manual switching except for the two restrooms in the secure side of the terminal. These lights are controlled with motion sensors w/timers. Exterior lighting is accomplished with a mix of metal halide downlights, surface mounted metal halide, and pole mounted metal halide and high pressure sodium. There are no exterior LED light fixtures. Exit signage throughout the terminal is LED. Some of the fixtures have halogen emergency light heads installed on them, some have LED heads. Not all exit signs have emergency lighting installed. Battery tests indicated that not all of the exit signs have batteries that will operate during a power outage. Not all exit signs have battery back-up. Emergency lighting is accomplished with stand-alone emergency units and emergency ballasts installed in recessed fixtures. Emergency lighting and exit signage is powered from a Life Safety power panel which is fed from a back-up generator. D.2.2. Mechanical Systems Description The basement level of the terminal houses the terminal s controls, telephone, and electrical equipment. The heat for the passenger terminal building is provided by a combination of low pressure steam boiler (Weil-McLain Model 88) and one hot water boiler (Weil-McLain Model Ultra 31). Both boilers use natural gas as the primary energy source. An third, older boiler (Weil-McLain Model LGB-9) has been abandoned in place. The energy management system consists of a combination of electric controls (FAA offices) and pneumatic controls. The air compressor for the pneumatic controls as well as the electric controls terminal are located in the basement mechanical room. There is a wide assortment of thermostats throughout the facility characteristic of the era that they were installed, ranging from programmable thermostats to temperature sensors and traditional mercury type thermostats. The main floor of the terminal building is served by a number of roof mounted units and is supplemented in select areas by unit heaters, cabinet unit heaters, air curtains, low intensity gas fired infrared heaters, unit ventilators and thru the window packaged air conditioning units. The roof top units (RTU) serving the original 1956 portion of the building are providing heat by means of steam coils. Several roof top units have been added as part of addition/renovation projects. Heat from these units is provided either through hot water heating coils or natural gas furnaces. All roof top units provide cooling via packed direct expansion cooling coils. Most of the RTUs have far exceeded their useful life expectancy and should be scheduled for replacement with newer more efficient units. D-2

3 There are several, natural gas fired, domestic water heaters spread out throughout the terminal building to serve the facility s domestic hot water needs. Public bathrooms have sensor type faucets on the lavatories and sensor flush valves on toilets and urinals. General exhaust is provided through a number of roof exhaust fans. The Control Tower staircase is pressurized by multiple fans which are part of the smoke control system and are activated through the fire alarm panel. The restaurant kitchen is served by a commercial range hood. There are several air curtains at the passenger departure/arrival gates intended to reduce energy loss through the open doors during these times that passengers are boarding or exiting the aircrafts. All of the air curtains are either out of order or have been disabled for various reasons. The boiler and natural gas meters are both located on the basement level of the complex. The fire pump room and associated fire sprinkler risers and air compressor are also located in the basement in their own separate fire pump/sprinkler riser room adjacent to the mechanical room. Refer to Table D-1 for a more detailed listing of the equipment in the Passenger Terminal Building as well as the U.S. Customs and Border and Maintenance Buildings. Equip. No Area Served Table D-1: Passenger Terminal Building Equipment List Manufact urer Model No. Serial No. Condition Capacity Notes ERAA - Restaurant 38AE F Fair/Poor 17, BTU/HR* ERAA - Main Lobby ERAA - South ERAA - Finance Area ERAA - Car Rental Hall ERAA - Baggage Claim ERAA - Center Boarding ERAA - West Boarding 48PMMM16BR- 5-S8 48TJE5-51GA 48SS G G1497 Good Poor 25, BTU/HR Failing duct insulation 92, BTU/HR Failing duct insulation 3394G118 Fair 4, BTU/HR 48TJE G217 Fair/Poor 92, BTU/HR York D2CG18N322 5E 48TJE24-51QA 48DRO14-52AA NFHM82611 Fair 32, BTU/HR 3494F1261 Fair 216, BTU/HR Y79737 Fair/Poor 216, BTU/HR Rusted exposed duct ERAA - West 48TJE12-9 Ticketing 51GA 2494G3235 Fair/Poor 144, BTU/HR ERAA - East 48TJE12-1 Ticketing 51GA 3194G3656 Fair/Poor 144, BTU/HR ERAA - Main FAA 5AK- 11 Unit 2QAQ611HQ 337U2551 Fair AC unit ERAA - Radar 48TEF8-A- 47G5496 Good 92, BTU/HR D-3

4 12 Equipment Room Backup 511HQ ERAA - West FAA 4, BTU/HR UNKNOWN UNKNOWN Poor 13 Wing (not confirmed) 32, BTU/HR ERAA - Delta Ops 48DJE G38939 Poor (not confirmed) ERAA - Third Floor 48TJE5-16 Break Room 51GA 1694G1488 Poor 92, BTU/HR 17 ERAA - Tower Cab 48TJE G1399 Poor 74, BTU/HR ERAA - Third Floor 48TJE7-18 Equipment Room 51GA 1994G2111 Fair 92, BTU/HR ERAA - Police 19 Office 48SS G11237 Fair 33,3 BTU/HR ERAA - US Airways 2 Ops 38CK E , BTU/HR ERAA - Steam Weil 21 Boiler McLain 988R n/a Fair 2,, BTU/HR US Customs and 74, BTU/HR Trane YCD48A3LAB F414222D Borders Building (not confirmed) US Customs and 74, BUT/HR Trane YCD4ASLAB F D Borders Building (not confirmed) ERAA - FAA HW Weil- 24 Boiler McLain ULTRA 31 CP Fair 3, BTU/HR Roberts 6, BTU/HR Sidewalk Heaters Gordon CTH2-8 n/a Good 25 each Vantage II ERAA - East Commuter Walkway ERAA - West Commuter Walkway ERAA - Continental Express Ops ERAA - Control Room Restaurant Manager ERAA - Hot Water Boiler West Jetway PC Air Center Jetway PC Air York York Lennox D6CG6N992 5C DC6GO6N992 5C CG29M-21/26-1P NKEM125Y NKE M3756 Fair Fair Fair 92, BTU/HR (not confirmed) 92, BTU/HR (not confirmed) 33,3 BTU/HR (not confirmed) Liebert MMD36EPHED AC unit Liebert PFC37A-YLO 43N AC unit Weil- McLain LGB-9 n/a Poor 1,4, BTU/HR NOT IN SERVICE n/a n/a n/a -- Electric n/a n/a n/a -- Electric East Jetway PC Air n/a n/a n/a -- Electric TSA Job Trailer -1 North n/a MAC36A-AB 58N Electric D-4

5 MISC 1 MISC 2 MISC 3 MISC 4 MISC 5 TSA Job Trailer -2 South Fire Bay Overhead Tube Heaters (Typ. 4) Airfield OPS Work Area (Installed 214) Airfield Equipment Bay Tube Heaters (Typ. 4) Airfield Storage Bays Tube Heaters (5) Sand Salt Storage Tube Heaters (Typ. 2) Baggage claim tube heaters (Typ. 2) Terminal Domestic Hot Water Restaurant Hot Water Tanks 2 (8 Gallon) US Customs Hot Water Tank 4 Gallon Airfield Hot Water Tank (4 Gallon) Maintenance Building Tank (4 Gallon) n/a MAC36AAB N Electric n/a n/a n/a -- 6, BTU/HR each LENNOX KGA48S4Ds 5614P , BTU/HR n/a n/a n/a Fair n/a n/a n/a Fair n/a n/a n/a Fair n/a n/a n/a Good Bradford White Defender MI4T6FBN GL Fair n/a n/a n/a -- Bradford White MI4T6FBN KH Good n/a n/a n/a -- Whirlpool M4T Fair Source: Chief Ian A. Bogle, Erie Regional Airport Authority * Capacity information from manufacturer s catalog D.2.3. Recommendations 6, BTU/HR each 6, BTU/HR each 6, BTU/HR each 6, BTU/HR each 4, BTU/HR Input 4 Gallon Tank 4, BTU/HR Input 4 Gallon Tank 4, BTU/HR Input 4 Gallon Tank 4, BTU/HR Input 4 Gallon Tank In order to conserve energy, it is recommended that all light fixtures utilizing incandescent, T-12, and T-8 lamps be replaced with energy efficient LED light fixtures. LED lighting utilizes approximately 2% the energy of the existing light fixtures and will provide noticeable savings to the airport. Exterior lighting on the apron and in the parking lot can also be changed out to LED light fixtures to provide additional savings. Install low flow aerators on all lavatory faucets. A faucet aerator can be simply screwed onto the faucet head. Because the aerator limits the water flow through the faucet, water use is reduced by an average of 5% as compared to a faucet without an aerator. D-5

6 In interviewing facility personnel, it was discovered that due to maintenance issues a number of steam traps get stuck either in the open or the closed position. This results in either condensate backing up when the trap is stuck closed, therefore inhibiting the transfer of latent heat, or steam blowing through the trap when it's stuck open, leading to heating issues and waste of energy. A stuck or failed open steam trap can also cause issues with the remainder of the steam traps in the system as it may pressurize the condensate return line, therefore preventing condensate from the other traps from draining properly. Facility personnel also mentioned that whenever any major maintenance is needed the work is contracted to an outside firm or contractor. Regular equipment maintenance has a significant effect on both life expectancy and maintaining peak efficiency of equipment. It is suggested that a regular maintenance schedule is implemented and that maintenance personnel is trained in the required maintenance tasks. The building automation system (BAS) consists of multiple iterations of various manufacturers, some parts of it original to the building. As a result, the airport is far from realizing the full potential energy savings that a properly implemented control system would offer the capability for. A complete replacement of the energy management system could prove very costly. Factoring in the age of most of the air handling equipment, that would also need to be replaced or upgraded, this type of upgrade could only be viable as part of a capital project. D.3. U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER CONTROL BUILDING D.3.1. Electrical Systems Description The Custom s building light fixtures are T12, recessed light fixtures (2x4 and 2x2), T-12 surface wraparound (bathrooms), with a few metal halide recessed downlights. Light fixtures are all manual control with single pole light switches. Exit signs are old lamp style fixtures with no battery back-up. Emergency lighting is accomplished with stand-alone lighting units and battery tests indicate that these fixtures will operate during a power outage. D.3.2. Mechanical Systems Description The building is conditioned by a pair of gas fired RTUs and miscellaneous electric terminal units, and through the window AS units. The two RTUs are controlled by programmable wall mounted thermostats. Domestic hot water is generated by a Bradford White Model MI4T6FBN, 4 gallon, 4, btu/hr natural gas fired water heater. There are manual flush valves for toilets and urinals. The lavatory faucets are in fair shape and do not appear to be the low flow type. On the building exterior it was observed that the west and south exposure window caulking has disintegrated. There are also signs of water leakage within exterior block walls, possibly from water pooling on the roof. D-6

7 D.3.3. Recommendations The existing RTUs are past their useful life expectancy. It is recommended that funds are appropriated for the replacement of the units. Though operations and maintenance costs will be reduced, there is not a significant payback from energy savings to justify the replacement of the units before they are rendered inoperable. Replacement decision should be based on facility importance and the potential of having no heat in the building during the cold winter months if the units fail. Replace existing lavatory faucets and shower heads with low flow fixtures to conserve water and energy. Typical payback for this type of replacement is less than a year, depending on use time of the plumbing fixtures. This is a relatively low cost measure that can be easily implemented. It is recommended that the existing fluorescent and metal halide light fixtures be replaced with energy efficient LED fixtures. It is also recommended that automatic lighting controls be added to the offices and bathrooms. The existing exit signage shall also be replaced with LED type exit signage with battery backup. D.4. AIRFIELD MAINTENANCE AND FIRE STATION BUILDING D.4.1. Electrical Systems Description The Airfield Maintenance and Fire Station Building has T8 recessed troffers in the office area and T12 linear fixtures (4 and 8 lengths) in the truck and maintenance bays. The old salt storage area, which is now used as a two-bay truck area has 4W metal halide light fixtures. 25W and 4W high pressure sodium fixtures are installed on the exterior of the building. Interior lighting is controlled with manual switches. Exterior lighting is controlled by photocell. Exit signage throughout the AARF/Maintenance Garage is LED with battery back-up. Battery tests indicate that these fixtures will operate during a power outage. Emergency lighting is accomplished with standalone emergency fixtures with a mix of halogen and LED lamping. Battery testing indicated that some of these fixtures will not operate during a power outage. A 4kw generator was installed in 28 to supply power for life safety. D.4.2. Mechanical Systems Description The Airfield Maintenance and Fire Station Building is primarily served by multiple low intensity, gas-fired infrared heaters which are typical for this type of building use. The office area and employee is served by a packaged gas-fired RTU. The RTU and infrared heaters are controlled by programmable wall mounted thermostats. There is a partial sprinkler system serving the mezzanine area in the building but there were no alarm devices observed, which is inconsistent with NFPA standards and International Fire Code. There is an air compressor for used for maintenance on the stored vehicles and an emergency generator. D-7

8 The vehicle storage bays are also served by multiple exhaust fans controlled by wall mounted switches. The fans are intended to exhaust heat in the warm summer months. No carbon monoxide (CO) or nitrogen oxides (NOx) sensors were observed which are typically utilized for exhausting vehicle storage bays when potentially hazardous concentrations of CO and/or NOx are detected. A 4 gallon, 4, btu/hr, natural gas fired water heater (Whirlpool Model M4T91-43) provides the domestic hot water for the facility. D.4.3. Recommendations It is recommended that the existing T12 and T8 light fixtures be replaced with energy efficient LED fixtures. It is also recommended that the existing metal halide and high pressure sodium light fixtures be replaced with LED type fixtures. Automatic lighting control should be added to bathrooms and break rooms to turn lighting off when the rooms are not occupied. Emergency lighting throughout the building should be verified to be operational and nonworking units should be replaced to ensure operation during times of need. It is recommended that a CO / NOx detection system is provided for the facility and tied to the existing exhaust fans. The existing exhaust fan capacity should be reviewed for adequacy of exhaust volume capabilities. D.5. ELECTRICAL VAULT D.5.1. Electrical Systems Description The vault houses all of the constant current regulators (CCR s) for the airfield lighting. Airfield lighting has been upgraded in certain areas and is original in other areas. Runway 6/24 has all new incandescent lighting, new cable, new conduit, and new transformers and cans. Runway 2/2 is all original equipment. Taxiway A edge lighting is LED for the extended part of the taxiway. This was done in The balance of taxiway A s lighting is original (transformers, cans, cable, conduit). Taxiway C lighting between Taxiway A and Runway 2/2 is new LED and transformer utilizing original cable and cans. Taxiway D lighting between Runway 6/24 and Runway 2/2 is new LED and transformer utilizing original cable and cans. Signage on the airside is currently being changed out to LED. Twenty-three of the existing signs have yet to be changed out to LED. Existing cabling is being utilized except those signs associated with the runway. The cable feeding these signs was changed out during the runway extension project. The light fixtures in the vault building utilize T8 lamps. D.5.2. Mechanical Systems Description N/A D.5.3. Recommendations The airport is currently undertaking the replacement of some of the signage light fixtures to energy efficient LED type fixtures. It is recommended that the airport continue to replace D-8

9 signage fixtures with LED type to conserve energy. It is also recommended that old taxiway lighting be replaced with LED fixtures to match the new LED lighting along the edge of some of the taxiways. D.6. CURRENT AIRPORT ENERGY AND WATER USE D.6.1. Natural Gas Consumption The natural gas bills provided by Erie Airport were compiled into Table D-2, Figure D-1, and Figure D-2. Table D-2: Natural Gas Consumption (DTH) Meter No. Month TOTAL USAGE (DTH) Cost ($) Dec ,848 Jan ,685 Feb ,34 Mar ,268 Apr ,442 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct ,865 Nov ,328 Dec ,6 Source: National Fuel Resources Inc. energy Bills D-9

10 Cost ($) Cost ($) Master Plan Update Figure D-1: Total Natural Gas Consumption Source: Utility bills. Figure D-2: Natural Gas Cost $12, $1, $9,686 $9,34 $8, $7,849 $7,268 $6, $6,6 $4,328 $4, $3,442 $2, $916 $388 $348 $341 $5 $1,866 $- Source: Utility bills. D-1

11 D.6.2. Electric Consumption The electric bills provided by Erie Airport were compiled into Table D-3, Figure D-3, and Figure D- 4. Month Meter# Total Usage (KWH) Dec- 14 Jan- Feb- Table D-3: Electric Consumption (KWH) Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- TOTAL USAGE (KWH) , , , ,685 4,9 3,29 5,576 3,937 3,758 2,645 2,59 2,192 2,384 2,59 3,14 3,719 39,632,522 16,4 6,565 6,143 6,646 5,754 6,368 3,4 5,517 6,167 7,983 7,916 93, ,648 1,566 1, , ,844 2, 3,487 3,746 3,654 2,81 1,94 1,697 29, , ,8 7,2 174,4 143,6 146, 136, 178, 1,6 16, 142,, 131,6 1,833,2 2,322 1,276 2,74 1, , , , ,2 3,786 28,451 3,233 19,58 2,5,758,421 13,233 14,9,574 17,876 18, ,63 Cost ($) 14,327 14,279 17,597 12,439 13,327 12,895,9 13,687 14,92 12,917 13,364 12, ,184 Source: Penelec Electricity Bills D-11

12 COST Electricity Use (KWH) Master Plan Update 25, Figure D-3: Electric Consumption 2,, 199, , , , ,667 9, , ,658 6, ,62 149,18 147,95 1, 5, - Source: Utility bills. Figure D-4: Electricity Cost $2, $18, $16, $14, $12, $17,597 $,9 $14,327 $14,279 $13,327 $13,687 $14,92 $12,895 $12,917 $13,364 $12,439 $12,346 $1, $8, $6, $4, $2, $- Source: Utility bills. D-12

13 D.6.3. Water Consumption The Water consumption bills provided by Erie Airport were compiled into Table D-4 and Figure D- 5. Table D-4: Water Consumption (cu. ft.) Meter # Month Car Wash FAA-SSC Fire Pump Main Quonset Hut Restaurant Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TOTAL TOTAL Source: Erie Waterworks Bills Figure D-5: Water Consumption Source: Erie Waterworks Bills D-13

14 D.6.4. Metrics Comparison The compiled energy metrics from all the natural gas, electric and water usage were input into US EPA s online energy tracking tool, the Portfolio Manager. Table D-5 below is a summary of the energy use of Erie Airport compared to other facilities of similar size and function. Table D-5: Metrics Comparison Metric Median Property ERAA Source EUI (kbtu/ft 2 ) Site EUI (kbtu/ft 2 ) Source Energy Use (kbtu) 5,642,641 13,137,485 Site Energy Use (kbtu) 2,961,536 1,867,918 Total GHG Emissions (Metric Tons CO2e) ,464.6 Source: Energy Star, Portfolio Manager (portfoliomanager.energystar.gov) Figure D-6: Airport Energy Use by Calendar Month Source: Energy Star, Portfolio Manager (portfoliomanager.energystar.gov) D.6.5. International Trade Center In addition to the buildings and facilities mentioned in the paragraphs above Erie Municipal Airport Authority occupies office space at the International Trade Center (ITC). The ITC also functions as a warehouse and houses commercial leases. Even though this building was not part of energy assessment its energy consumption is outlined in the following tables. D-14

15 Month Meter# Total Usage (KWH) Dec- 14 Jan- Source: Utility bills Feb- Table D-6: ITC Electric Consumption Mar- Apr- May- Jun Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- TOTAL USAGE (KWH) 4,477 4,18 5,17 3,744 3,535 2,466 1,513 1, ,52 2,181 32,629 4,518 4,223 5, 3,785 3,58 2,5 1,549 1, ,185 1,539 2,217 33,75 D-