JST-JICA Project Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia

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2011.07.13 JPTM2011 Putrajaya Status of JST/JICA Peat and Carbon Management Project Toshihisa HONMA (Hokkaido Univ.

1 JPTM2011 Putrajaya Status of JST/JICA Peat and Carbon Management Project Toshihisa HONMA (Hokkaido Univ.) JST-JICA Project Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia Hokkaido University, The University of Tokyo, JAXA University of Palangka Raya, LAPAN

prediction Fire detection&prediction systems WWW Mobile Phone SMS GIS Firefighters Stakeholder Met.

2 Communication networks of semi-realtime fire detection and alarm systems Hotspots Sensor Network UAV Fire History Topology (SRTM/ASTER) Vegetation (AVNIR2/PALSAR) Regional Met. prediction Fire detection&prediction systems WWW Mobile Phone SMS GIS Firefighters Stakeholder Met. Simulation (MM5 / WRF) Met. data (JMA/NOAA) Researchers static data dynamic data output calculation Inhabitant Designed by Dr.Nakau

3 FF Sub-Group FF1 :Construct wild/peat fire control system FF2: Mapping and modeling the land cover

4 Structure of FF Group FF-1 : Wild/Peat Fire Control System Kazuya Kaku Atsushi Ono Orbita Roswintiarti Aswin Usup FF-1-1 Fire Detection Koji Nakau Masami Tokuno Keiji Kushida Suwarsono, Parwati FF: Fire Detection and Fire Prediction System Toshihisa Honma Agus Hidayat Ratih D. Dimyati FF-1-2Wildfire Local Validation Toshihisa Honma Koji Nakau Aswin Usup General Coordination Hendrik Segah Atsushi Ono Orbita Roswintiarti Aswin Usup FF-1-3 Met. Modeling and Fire Simulation FF-1-4 Peat Moisture Estimation Keiji Kimura Orbita Roswintiarti Wataru Takeuchi Nanin Anggraeni FF-1-5 Fire Information via SMS Nakau Koji Hendrik Segah FF-2 : Mapping and Modeling the Land Cover Hendrik Segah Agus Kristiyono v1 Nagano v2 Kimura v3 Kimura v4 Kimura v5 Orbita v6 Kimura v7 Kimura v8 Segah IT personel on LAPAN: 1. Rubini Jusuf 2. M.Priatna 3. Rossi Hamzah FF2-1 Land Coverage Map FF2-2 Spectrum Library (plant/soil) FF2-3 Carbon Budget Estimation Keiji Kimura Agus Kristiyono Kustiyo, Bambang Trisakti Hiroshi Tani Hendrik Segah Wataru Takeuchi Teguh Prayogo

5 Outcomes in Plan of Operation Improve fire hotspot algorithm Estimate carbon emission by biomass burning among different ecotypes Transfer in-situ fire information to each region Construct prediction model of wildfire occurrence Construct model of water regime Make map of land cover /land use change Establish spectral library ( plant / soil ) in investigation area 11 Project Outputs The fire hotspot algorithms that suitable with Indonesia with levels of accuracy The biomass burning emission estimates from different soil (peat and mineral soil) and land cover types The in-situ fire information (locations and coverage) through the ground-checking validation Trainings programs for the related stakeholder Development of Fire Prediction Model Model of water regime (Soil Moisture) Land cover /land use biophysical/physiological maps Detection of land cover / land use change (quantitative area Spatial estimation) and temporal carbon budget maps Correlation between remote sensing derived land surface spectral parameters with field measurement parameters Establishing of a spectral library (plant / soil) for the investigation area FF1-1 FF1-2 FF1-5 To develop the fire hotspot algorithms derived from Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite data To evaluate the fire hotspot algorithms through local validation To provide Indonesian fire suppression teams and other stakeholder agencies with the accurate fire hotspot information To derive the levels of accuracy of the FF1-3 resulted fire hotspot algorithms FF1-4 FF2-1 To develop the peat moisture content threshold for fire to burn Mapping of land cover / land use attributes in at the landscape scale by means of operationally available satellite data Modeling carbon budget by recovered and FF2-3 growing existing vegetation FF2-2 Project Activities Estimating land use/cover parameters and forest properties at the intermediate and stand scale by means of new high resolution satellite data

6 FF Group Activities in 2010 Activities/ Timeline Ja n Feb Mar Ap r May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Group Meetings 15- Sappor o FF Meeting 17- Tokyo FF Meetin g 26- Tokyo FF Meeting 16- Tokyo FF Meetin g 27- Jakarta FF Meetin g 5- Sappor o FF Meeting JST/JICA Project FF Worksh op Jakarta, P. Jakart Bali & Field Raya, Pare- Jakarta, P. Raya a P.Raya Pare travels FF-2 Jakarta Jakarta, P. Raya Project Outcomes (Mar) Rate of Achievement 1. Improve fire hotspot algorithm ~ 60% 2. Estimate carbon emission by biomass burning among different ecotypes ~ 30% 3. Transfer in-situ fire information to each region ~30% 4. Construct prediction model of wildfire occurrence ~30% 5. Construct model of water regime ~50% 6. Make map of land cover /land use change ~60% 7. Establish spectral library (plant / soil) in investigation area ~40%

7 FF Group Activities (JFY ) FF Group Meeting ( ) Tokyo JST-JICA Working Meeting ( ) Hokkaido University, Sapporo FF Group Meeting ( ) Tokyo FF Group Meeting ( ) Palangka Raya The 3 rd Sentinel Earth Symposium ( ) Hokkaido University, Sapporo FF Group Meeting ( ) Hokkaido University, Sapporo

- Stable network - Stable electricity - Safe space FF1-5 Fire

8 Structure of FF1 Subgroup FF1-4 Water Regime FF1-3 Expansion Simulation FF1-1 Detection We need to set up 5 servers for FF-1 - Stable network - Stable electricity - Safe space FF1-5 Fire Alert to Fire Fighter FF1-2 Ground Observation JAXA EORC, Koji Nakau 8

9 Phase 1: Making prototype in JAPAN Indonesia Japan JAXA Web Semi- Real time Firefighters in Palangka Raya (automatic) 手動配信 Analysis (Validation) Visualization(GIS) Japan Indonesia Terra & Aqua (MODIS) ALOS (PALSAR/PRISM/ AVNIR2) (on demand) Data storage Hokkaido Univ. Analysis: Fire detection & fire expansion simulation From JFY2009 to JFY2010

10 Operation Schedule in JFY2010 (2 nd year) Making prototype systems in Hokkaido University Test of mobile terminal (mobile phone or short message service: SMS) for firefighters Incorporating fire detection methods into the system Incorporating the fire expansion simulation into the system Preparation to transfer the system from Hokkaido University to LAPAN Ground truth

11 Phase 2:Transfer of Technique Analysis LAPAN Semi- Real time Validation Visualization (GIS) On demand Data storage Indonesia Japan JAXA (automatic) Web Hokkaido Univ. Firefighters Transfer Japan Indonesia Terra & Aqua (MODIS) (on demand) ALOS(PALSAR/PRISM/AVNIR2) From JFY2011 to JFY2012

12 Operation Schedule in JFY2011 (3 rd year) Examination of transfer system from Hokkaido University to LAPAN Test of mobile terminal (SMS) for firefighters Demonstration of the system in the field Blush up of fire detection methods and the fire expansion simulation Finding the problems to improve Establishment of the transfer the system in Indonesia Ground truth

13 Matters to consider our system (since JFY2009) 1. Transportation of data and information 2. Management and maintenance of the system in Indonesia 3. The corporation with firefighters in Palangka Raya. 4. The mobile terminal for firefighters 5. The relationships with other projects

Palangka Raya, carbon flux data in some points observed by other group, and so on.

14 Polygon Data FF2 Data Layers on GIS Line Data Point Data Raster Data On the same projection It consists of gathering various kinds of distribution data around Palangka Raya, carbon flux data in some points observed by other group, and so on. With GIS analysis, the 3. carbon Building inventory database will be provided for other groups.

15 Results of land cover analysis We can analyze the land cover every 46-days with ALOS-PALSAR imagery. Water Dense forest Thin forest Thin bush Burnt forest Burnt bush Bare ground Town July 9, 2007 August 24, 2007 October 9, 2007

16 Map of detected burnt areas affected by fire in 1997 and 2002 using MPCA method Burnt Area in 1997 fire event Burnt Area in 2002 fire event Source: Segah et al., 2010

17 Step 3 FF Group: Fire Detection and Fire Prediction DEFORESTATION FROM 2005 to 2010 DEFORESTATION : Forest 2005 to (Fire event/el-nino) (Fire event/el-nino) Source: Kustiyo/LAPAN

Landsat 2006 Landsat 2007 + Hotspot 2006

18 Landsat 2006 Landsat Hotspot 2006 Landsat Hotspot 2007 and 2008 Step 4 FF Group: Fire Detection and Fire Prediction Deforestation Overlay Deforestation and Hotspot Deforestation caused by Hotspot Deforestation without Hotspot

19 16day s Enhance Vegetation Index MODIS (1kmx1km) NATURAL FOREST SWAM BURNING NATURAL FOREST PLANTATION : Hotspot

20 Step 5 FF Group: Fire Detection and Fire Prediction Estimation of CO 2 emission from Ex-MRP area Non-forest (8tC/ha/year emission) 413,000 ha 1.65 MtC Thin Forest (15-40%) (6tC/ha/year emission) 1,670,000 ha MtC Thick Forest (40%-) (4tC/ha/year emission) 19,000 ha MtC Total: 11.7 MtC from 2,100,000 ha by the soil respiration around the Ex MRP area in Central Kalimantan Japanese annual emission of Carbon is about 341 MtC (2005). This area emits the 3.4% of CO 2 from Japan. Original data by POSTEL(2008)

21 FF1 sub-group needs Mile Stones of Sub-Group Fire prediction (fire weather index and soil moisture), fire detection, and fire expansion simulation of the primary version in JFY2011. Fire validation with observation by field survey, unmanned air vehicle (UAV), and wireless sensor network (WSN) in FY2011. The improvement of fire analysis until FY2013. FF2 sub-group needs To gather GIS and satellite imagery data until FY2013. To gather carbon flux data from other group and provide estimated distribution data to other groups until FY2013. To arrange the spectrum library data in FY2013.

24 Green

FOREST FIRE GROUP Current Status & Planning

2010.07.07 JPTM Manila FOREST FIRE GROUP Current Status & Planning JST-JICA Project Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia Hokkaido University, The University of Tokyo, JAXA University