GOFC/GOLD Fire IT Strategic Planning. Day 1 - Break Out Group Discussion

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Janice Bishop
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1 GOFC/GOLD Fire IT Strategic Planning Day 1 - Break Out Group Discussion

2 Aims of the Fire IT refining and articulating the international requirements for fire related observations making the best possible use of fire products from the past, current and future satellite observing systems, for fire management, policy decision-making and global change research ensuring the provision of long-term, systematic satellite observations necessary for the production of the full suite of recommended fire products.

3 The primary observing system for fire includes: Polar orbiters with fire monitoring capability to provide operational moderate resolution long-term global fire products (e.g. active fire, burned area, fire radiative power, fire danger) and distributed ground stations providing enhanced regional products.. An operational global geostationary fire network providing observations of active fires in near real-time. Operational high resolution data for targeted observations of fire events of major importance, post-fire assessments and systematic validation of products from moderate resolution sensors.

4 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals Current Emphases Meet fire user needs by developing: an increased Understanding of the utility of satellite fire products improved Uptake and Use for global change research, resource management and policy (UN, Regional, National, Local) and facilitate user Feedback on product improvements Strengthening the GOFC/GOLD Regional Fire networks Continuing partnership with UN Global Wildfire Network Contributing to development of fire observation training programs Securing fire information management and delivery capabilities (including Archive and Decision Support Systems) Increasing attention to the UN global fire information needs (e.g. FAO, UNEP, OOSA, WMO) Increasing attention to demonstrating societal benefit of the observing systems and establishing operational fire monitoring capabilities (GEOSS)

5 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals Current Emphasis Establish a geostationary global fire network providing operational high temporal resolution standard, systematically generated fire products of known accuracy Increasing involvement of the geostationary satellite community beyond US and Europe - especially with the recent/near-term launch of FY-2C, MTSAT-1R, INSAT-3D, GOMS Electro N2.

GOFC-GOLD Fire Geostationary Network Initiative -160-120 -80-40 0 40 80 120 160 80 60 40 20 0-20 -40-60 -80 GOES-W GOES-E MSG MTSAT (GOES-9 at 155 E) GOMS (76E), INSAT (83E), FY-2C (105 E) Global

6 GOFC-GOLD Fire Geostationary Network Initiative GOES-W GOES-E MSG MTSAT (GOES-9 at 155 E) GOMS (76E), INSAT (83E), FY-2C (105 E) Global Geostationary Active Fire Monitoring Capabilities Satellite View Angle Satellite Active Fire Spectral Bands Resolution IGFOV (km) SSR (km) Full Disk Coverage 3.9 µm Saturation Temperature (K) Minimum Fire Size at Equator (at 750 K) (hectares) GOES-12 Imager 1 visible 3.9 and 10.7 µm (8.0) hours ~335 K 0.15 GOES-9 & GOES-10 Imager 1 visible 3.9 and 10.7 µm (8.0) hour (G-9) 3 hours (G-10) ~324 K (G-9) ~322 K (G-10) 0.15 MSG SEVIRI 1 HRV 2 visible 1.6, 3.9 and 10.8 µm minutes ~335 K 0.22 FY-2C SVISSR (Fall 2004) 1 visible, 3.75 and 10.8 µm minutes ~330 K (?) MTSAT-1R JAMI (2005) 1 visible 3.7 and 10.8 µm hour ~320 K 0.03 INSAT- 3D (2006) 1 vis, 1.6 µm 3.9 and 10.7 µm ? 2.3? 30 minutes GOMS Electro N2 MSU-G (2006) 3 visible 1.6, 3.75 and 10.7 µm 1.0 km 4.0 km 30 minutes

7 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals Current Emphasis Secure operational polar orbiters with adequate fire monitoring capability providing operational moderate resolution long-term global fire products to meet user requirements and serving a network of distributed ground stations Securing operational fire monitoring capabilities from NPOESS VIIRS and METOP providing improved operational fire products (fuel moisture content/active fire/burned area/fire characterization) in a timely fashion Establishing operational provision of standardized global products providing operational high resolution acquisition allowing active fire, burned area, fire characterization and post-fire assessments Securing fire monitoring capabilities from operational Landsat Class Sensors e.g. NPOESS OLI

8 VIIRS Sensor Subsystems Separately Mounted Electronics Module FPIE Solar Diffuser Blackbody Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor 4-Mirror Anastigmat All Reflective Aft Optics Imager 3-Mirror Anastigmat All reflective Rotating telescope Half-angle Mirror Cryoradiator Pixel resolution: 375 and 750 (<2.2 km at swath edge!) Overpass time: 5:30, 9:30, 13:30 Spectral bands: 22 Swath width: 3000 km Starting: ~2010 Cold FPA Dewar Assembly

9 VIIRS Spatial Resolution vs Scan Angle HSI for imaging bands (aggregation in scan direction) Track HSI (no aggregation) Horizontal Sample Interval (m) m Scan HSI Nadir: Aggregate 3 in-scan 1014 km from nadir: Aggregate 2 in-scan 606 m 1500 km from nadir: No aggregation 800 m m 388 m 388 m 776 m 789 m Scan angle from nadir (degrees)

10 NPOESS VIIRS Fire Issues The VIIRS thermal band (M15; 11 microns) saturation is too low for routine fire characterization (343 K vs. 400 K for MODIS). Temperature and area retrieval cannot be performed with saturated M15. VIIRS onboard M15 aggregation does not set a flag when one or more of the pre-aggregated detectors saturates. Current M13-M15 coregistration will yield retrieval errors exceeding spec Fire temperature and area retrieval requires good band to band registration Within 10% (Shephard and Kennelly, 2003)

11 Band # NPOESS Operational Land Imager 2009/10 OPERATIONAL LANDSAT Current Spectral / Spatial Specifications Spectral Region Wavelen gths (nm) Center Lower Upper Edge Edge Grou nd Sample Distance (m) 1 Blue Blue Green Red NIR SWIR SWIR Pan SWIR Assessing Specifications from A Fire Perspective

12 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals Current Emphasis Determine Fire Product Accuracies operational network of fire validation sites and protocols established providing accuracy assessment for operational products and a test bed for new or enhanced products leading to standard products of known accuracy continuity of high resolution (Landsat Class) sensor data for burned area validation; continuity of high resolution sensors with proper specifications for active fire validation (e.g. DLR BIRD, Japan/US ASTER) ; development of a burned area product inter-comparison program and creation of a shared burned area validation database with the participation of regional network scientists; development of a generic multi-platform active fire validation protocol.

of a new generation of infrared array sensors with an adaptive radiometric dynamic range Detection and

13 Quellenangabe BIRD launch on 22 October 2001 with an Indian PSLV- C3 launcher BIRD: Bi-spectral InfraRed Detection mission Optical Information Systems BIRD Objectives: Test of new small satellite technologies Test of a new generation of infrared array sensors with an adaptive radiometric dynamic range Detection and quantitative characterisation of hightemperature events: vegetation-, peat- and coal seam fires and of volcanic activity 13

MODIS BIRD 1 2 3 4 5 6 Quellenangabe Optical Information Systems 7 1 100 10000 MW

2003. Colour coded Fire Radiative Power (in MW) of hot spots is projected on the 3.

14 MODIS BIRD Quellenangabe Optical Information Systems MW Fragments of forest fire images at Baikal obtained by MODIS and BIRD on 16 July 10 km Colour coded Fire Radiative Power (in MW) of hot spots is projected on the 3.9 µm MIR band. The white arrows in the left image fragment indicate possible false alarms 14

Quellenangabe ESA s Work Plan for FUEGOSAT Consolidation Phase Step 2 the IR-Element: The dedicated fire-detecting and monitoring IR sensors will be specialized sensors derived from: # European

15 Quellenangabe ESA s Work Plan for FUEGOSAT Consolidation Phase Step 2 the IR-Element: The dedicated fire-detecting and monitoring IR sensors will be specialized sensors derived from: # European Commission (EC) Fuego and # German BIRD developments - as elaborated in FUEGOSAT Consolidation Phase A preliminary IR element design (as a reference for the accommodation studies) is shown Optical Information Systems on the right. 15

16 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals Current Emphasis Develop a global fire danger/susceptibility product combining meteorological data, remote sensing, and ground based information developing a conceptual framework for a global fire danger system and regional implementation (Recognizing that some regions have established systems) Develop fire emissions product suites providing annual emission estimates of known accuracy with the associated input data developing of consistent validated multi-year burned area product. developing and validating dynamic multiyear global fuel load product

17 GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals Current Emphasis Develop long term science quality fire data records Combining data from multiple satellite sources Establish commitment for long-term data record generation Establish enhanced user products and data access Operational multi-source Fire/GIS products, Web based data access, Near real-time data access, Improved fire characterization, Improved national fire reporting, Continued emphasis on data availability and access Develop workarounds to Internet limitations (e.g. text messaging) Promote experimental fire observation systems and related research in new areas focused on meeting current information gaps (e.g. BIRD Class of instruments for fire characterizing, Sensor Web Technology onboard tasking) Develop Global Fire Energy Measures (aka. Fire Power) Develop Fire Intensity Measures

18 Long Term Data Records Polar Orbiting Moderate Resolution N07 N09 N11 N09 N14 N16 N17 11 MODIS Terra Aqua AVHRR METOP VIIRS NPP NPOESS Investigations on Fire LTDR s initiated ACTIVE FIRES BURNED AREA Other Systems TRMM DMSP

19 Top Priorities for GOFC/GOLD-Fire International Space Agency coordination of global high resolution data acquisition and availability Stage 3 Global Burned Area Validation will need c. 300 High resolution scenes 05/06 (Image pairs 4 6 weeks apart not composited data) Continued fire assessment will need c. 100 scenes pa. - targeted fires for NRT and Post Fire assessment GOFC/GOLD Needs a Strategy for Gap Filling TBD Proposed BREAKOUT Session? Meteorological Agencies Support for the Global Geostationary Fire Network GOFC/GOLD Request to individual agencies Request assistance from NOAA and EUMETSAT to help engage E. Asia Partners (CGMS)

20 Top Priorities for GOFC/GOLD-Fire Ensure operational fire monitoring capabilities on NPOESS and METOP providing data continuity (MODIS and Landsat (NPOESS), AVHRR (METOP)) Input to Integrated Program Office (IPO) through NASA NPP Science Team Formal request to EUMETSAT re. METOP 3.9 micron channel Submit GOFC GOLD requirements for OLI (instrument and acquisition) Development of an international collaborative program on Global Burned Area Product Validation In Process w. ESA/NASA Workshop planning Provide operational global near real time fire alert capabilities Move current MODIS capabilities to Operational Agencies e.g. NOAA, FAO Ensure continuity in capabilities with VIIRS

21 Top Priorities for GOFC/GOLD-Fire Support for running the Regional Fire Networks and developing capacity building programs on the use of satellite fire data TBD Proposed Breakout? Establishing GOFC/GOLD Fire as a coordination mechanism for securing the necessary fire observations through GEOSS TBD - Define role of GOFC/GOLD in GEOSS Proposed Breakout? IDENTIFY RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND GAPS TBD for the Strategic Document Fire Affected Area rather than just burned area needs fleshing out

22 GOFC/GOLD - Fire IT Web Site Examples of regional fire network sites South America Southern Africa

Recent Developments and Prospects for Innovative Remote Sensing of High-Temperature Events and Vegetation Fire Impacts

Recent Developments and Prospects for Innovative Remote Sensing of High-Temperature Events and Vegetation Fire Impacts by D. Oertel, E. Lorenz, B. Zhukov German Aerospace Center, (DLR-OS) Berlin Adlershof