Life Safety Damper Installation ASHRAE St Louis Chapter Feb. 9,2015. Peter McDonnell, PE, LEED AP BD+C McClure Engineering

Transcription

1 Life Safety Damper Installation ASHRAE St Louis Chapter Feb. 9,2015 Peter McDonnell, PE, LEED AP BD+C McClure Engineering

2 UL DAMPER TEST STANDARDS UL FIRE DAMPERS UL555S SMOKE DAMPERS UL555C CEILING DAMPERS UL2043 DAMPER ACTUATORS (Plenums)

3 UL CERTIFICATION The Label Certifies the Product meets stringent testing and performance requirements Covered by UL s Follow Up Service Indicates Damper Type & Rating/s Assembly Temp.

4 Types of Dampers Fire Damper UL555 Smoke Damper Combination Fire & Smoke Damper

5 FIRE TEST VIDEO

6 Fire Dampers How do they work? Curtain Type Style A, B, C Multi-Blade Type V-Grove or Airfoil Static Vs. Dynamic

7 Curtain Type Style A Fire Damper

8 FIRE DAMPER FRAME STYLES A B C R O G

9 Dynamic Closure Rating HVAC system fire dampers are rated for: static (fans off) or dynamic (fans on) It is a matter of airflow through the damper.

10 Smoke Dampers How do they work? Multi-Blade Type V-Grove or Airfoil Static Vs. Dynamic

11 Airfoil Blade V-groove Blade Round

12 Smoke Damper Selection The process of selecting a smoke damper involves the following considerations: 1. Leakage Rating Classes 1, 2, or Elevated Temperature Rating 250 F or 350 F 3. Operational Ratings 2,000 fpm, 3,000 fpm or 4,000 fpm and 4 in. w.g., 6 in. w.g. or 8 in. 4. Blade Design Airfoil or triple v groove.

13 Leakage Rating UL Standard 555S identifies four leakage classes as follows: Maximum Leakage in CFM/Sq. Ft. Leakage w.g. Class I Class II Class III

14 Typical Smoke Damper Application & Installation Actuator Smoke Barrier Smoke detector 24 max. from wall

15 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES (Which Damper Type Do I Use?) Exterior Walls Fire Damper Fire Walls Fire Smoke Damper Fire Barriers Fire Smoke Damper Shaft Enclosures - Fire Smoke Damper Elevator Lobbies - Fire Smoke Damper Fire Partitions Fire Smoke Damper Corridors Fire Smoke Damper Smoke Barriers - Fire Smoke Damper Smoke Partitions - Smoke Damper Horizontal Assemblies Fire Damper / CFD

16 Combination Fire/ Smoke Dampers How do they work? Multi-Blade Type V-Grove or Airfoil Static Vs. Dynamic

17 Typical Combination Fire & Smoke Damper Application & Installation Sleeve Break away connections Damper within the plane of fire barrier Fire barrier EFL (Electronic Fuse Link) Actuator Mounting angles

18 Typical Combination Fire & Smoke Damper Application & Installation Sleeve Break away connections Damper in fire barrier EFL (Electronic Fuse Link) Mounting angles

19 Fire/Smoke Damper Selection The process of selecting a FSD damper involves the following considerations: 1. Fire Resistance Rating or 3 hours based on code requirements. 2. Leakage Rating Classes I, II & III (IBC requires minimum Class II). 3. Temperature Rating 250 F or 350 F 4. Operational Ratings Min w.g. or higher. 5. Blade Design Airfoil, triple v-groove and low-profile aerodynamic design.

20 FIRE SMOKE DAMPER RATINGS Leakage Class I or II Rated 1 ½ Hr & 3 Hr Assembly Rating 250⁰F or 350⁰F

21 Temperature and Operational Ratings

22 DAMPER INSTALLATION Fire & Fire/Smoke

23 Installation Good or Bad?

24 Installation Good or Bad?

25 Typical Framed Wall Partition Steel or Wood Stud Framing Openings MUST be framed Framing Details shown on damper Installation Instructions

26 FD or FSD in Rated Wall Opening The FSD stops the passage of flame and smoke at opening and maintains barrier integrity FSD shown in rated steel stud gypsum wallboard opening

27 FD or FSD in Rated Wall Opening Retaining angle fastened to ONE side of wall/floor only Size 90 x 48 and smaller Barriers rated less than 3 hr Fasteners are attached through both wall and damper sleeve 90 x 48 and larger requires

28 Opposite Side of Wall Shown Opening Clearance No FILL material required Retaining Angle/s secure damper in opening and cover clearance gap

29 FD or FSD in plane of Rated Wall Sleeve length depends on application, damper size & components Closed blade MUST stay within the plane of barrier 17 and 20 sleeve length are standard Actuator side sleeve length up to 16 max. Non-actuator side 6 max.

30 FD or FSD Duct Connections Duct connects to damper sleeve (Break-away or Rigid) Typical ducted application

31 OPTIONAL SEALANT

32 OPTIONAL FIRESTOP CLIPS USED IN LIEU OF RETAINING ANGLES

33 OVER-SIZED OPENINGS What happens when opening exceeds largest UL damper size? Example: Wall opening is 20 X 8 FSD 120 x 96 max. UL assembly (vertical) Rated structural member (by others) required to separate (or sub-divided) the TWO damper assemblies into TWO openings Qty x 96

34 Shaft Applications PNC Tower (downtown) Pittsburgh, PA

35 CEILING DAMPER INSTALLATION Ceiling membrane CFD2

36 SURFACE MOUNT CFDR7T

37 LAY-IN CEILING

38 CORRIDOR INSTALLATION

39 CONTROL & ELECTRICAL INTERFACE

40 Smoke Dampers Control damper which is activated when smoke is detected Fire Alarm System Remote Sensor Actuators must be factory installed to meet UL Typically specified with control dampers in division 25

41 Test Results Certified Letter from Manufacturer

42 Active Smoke Control Systems Smoke Control / Management Systems Atrium An opening connecting 2 or more stories (IBC says 2-story atrium is an exception) Design fire size and plume height dictate quantity of exhaust Smoke interface layer required to be 6 above top occupied floor Makeup Requirements < 200 FPM High Rise Buildings (~75 tall) Require either smoke management or breakout windows Maintain pressure differentials across smoke barrier ( ) Exhaust involved floor, Pressurize floors above and below

43 Active Smoke Control Systems Stairwell & Elevator Pressurization High rise buildings are required to have this Pressurize egress stairs to keep smoke out Inject air every 3 floors to evenly pressurize and counteract buoyancy of air

44 Smoke Dampers and Fire Alarm Control Applicable Codes IMC Smoke Damper actuation methods NFPA Smoke Detectors for Control of Smoke Spread NFPA Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems. NFPA 90A 6.4 Smoke Detection for automatic control

45 Smoke detector placement IMC Smoke Damper actuation methods The smoke damper shall close upon actuation of a listed smoke detector or detectors in accordance with one of the following methods, as applicable Where a damper is installed within a duct, a smoke detector shall be installed in the duct within 5 feet with no air outlets or inlets between detector and damper. Other than in mechanical smoke control systems, dampers shall be closed upon fan shutdown where local smoke detectors require a minimum velocity to operate. Where a damper is installed within an unducted opening in a wall, a spot type detector listed for releasing service shall be installed within 5 feet horizontally of the damper. Where a total coverage smoke detector system is provided within all areas (corridor) served by an HVAC system, dampers shall be permitted to be controlled by the smoke detection system.

46 Smoke Dampers Control methods Duct smoke detector with integral relay. Programmable versus non-programmable Separate fire alarm system control relay

47 HVAC system interface Smoke evacuation Coordinate end switches and control wiring of equipment affected by the damper operation and fire alarm panel. Manual override of damper required at fire alarm panel

48 Smoke Control System Damper

49 Typical Enlarged Damper Override Detail

50 Integration with Smoke Control Systems Monitored dampers need to be a part of the Fire Fighters Smoke Control Station (FSCS). These are required for high-rise buildings. FSCS is part of the fire alarm system that details a diagram of the building elevation. Each fan, damper, or other device is indicated on diagram with indicator lights and override switching for Fireman control.

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52 Atria Refer to NFPA 92. Atrium detection is typically accomplished by beam smoke detectors. Manual override for dampers is required at the Smoke Control Station. Coordinate with Architect and Mechanical Engineer for any requirements for door control.

53 TAKE AWAYS: (1) Basic Requirements Behind Fire/Smoke Separations in Buildings (from Tech Session) (2) When Fire and Smoke Rated Dampers are Required in these Separations (Tech Session) (3) Applications/Requirements of Fire and Smoke Dampers (4) Interface Between Fire/Smoke Dampers and the Electrical Systems.

54 Acknowledgements My Thanks to the following: Josiah Wiley Michael Knipple Members of TC 5.6 STL Chapter Program Committee

55 Questions??