BASEMENT LAYOUT SPRINKLER HEAT DETECTOR SMOKE DETECTOR

Transcription

1 EXAUST EXAUST DN AC PLANT IS A DEVICE TAT DETECTS SMOKE, TYPICALLY AS AN INDICATOR OF FIRE. COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MASS RESIDENTIAL DEVICES ISSUE A SIGNAL TO A FIRE ALARM SYSTEM, ILE OUSEOLD DETECTORS, KNON AS SMOKE ALARMS, GENERALLY ISSUE A LOCAL AUDIBLE OR VISUAL ALARM FROM TE DETECTOR ITSELF. S ARE TYPICALLY OUSED IN A DISK-SAPED PLASTIC ENCLOSURE ABOUT A50 MM (6 INCES) IN DIAMETER AND 25 MM (1 INC) TICK, BUT TE SAPE CAN VARY BY MANUFACTURER OR PRO LINE. MOST S ORK EITER BY OPTICAL DETECTION (POTOELECTRIC) OR BY PYSICAL PROCESS (IONIZATION), ILE OTERS USE BOT DETECTION METODS TO INCREASE SENSITIVITY TO SMOKE. SENSITIVE ALARMS CAN BE USED TO DETECT, AND TUS DETET, SMOKING IN AREAS ERE IT IS BANNED SUC AS S AND SCOOL. S IN LARGE COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ARE USUALLY POERED BY A CENTRAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEM IC IS POERED BY TE BUILDING POER IT A BATTERY BACK. STANDPIPE IS A TYPE OF RIGID ATER PIPING IC IS BUILT INTO MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS IN A VERTICAL POSITION, TO IC FIRE OSES CAN BE CONNECTED, ALLOING MANUAL APPLICATION OF ATER TO TE FIRE. ITIN TE CONTEXT OF A BUILDING, A STANDPIPE SERVES TE SAME PURPOSE AS A FIRE YDRANT. EXAUST LENGENDS: SPRINKLER EAT DETECTOR FIRE EXINGUISER EXIT SIGN PRIMARY SPLY SECONDARY SPLY OSE REEL FIRE ALARM EMERGENCY LIGT SAND BUCKET NORT DRY STANDPIPE EN STANDPIPES ARE FIXED INTO BUILDINGS, TE PIPE IS IN PLACE PERMANENTLY IT AN INTAKE USUALLY LOCATED NEAR A ROAD OR DRIVEAY SO TAT A FIRE ENGINE CAN SPLY ATER TO TE SYSTEM. TE STANDPIPE EXTENDS INTO TE BUILDING TO SPLY FIRE FIGTING ATER TO TE INTERIOR OF TE STRUCTURE VIA OSE OUTLETS, OFTEN LOCATED BETEEN EAC FLOOR IN STAIRELLS IN IG RISE BUILDINGS. DRY STANDPIPES ARE NOT FILLED IT ATER UNTIL NEEDED IN FIRE FIGTING. FIRE FIGTERS OFTEN BRING OSES IN IT TEM AND ATTAC TEM TO STANDPIPE OUTLETS LOCATED ALONG TE PIPE TROUGOUT TE STRUCTURE. E S ET STANDPIPE A "ET" STANDPIPE IS FILLED IT ATER AND IS PRESSURIZED AT ALL TIMES. IN CONTRAST TO DRY STANDPIPES, IC CAN BE USED ONLY BY FIREFIGTERS, ET STANDPIPES CAN BE USED BY BUILDING OCCANTS. ET STANDPIPES GENERALLY ALREADY COME IT OSES SO TAT BUILDING OCCANTS MAY FIGT FIRES QUICKLY. AC PLANT PLENUM PLENUM BASEMENT LAYOUT PLENUM SCALE -1:250 CROOSS MAIN PIPE 3.0 M C/C SOLID STATE CIRCUIT PERFORATIONS IT AS FUSABLE BULB IT 71 C TUS ACTING TE SPRINKLER SYSTEM. REFERENCE CAMBER DEFELECTORS SAMPLING CAMBER ADVANTAGES LAYING A FIREOSE A STAIRELL TAKES TIME, AND TIS TIME IS SAVED BY AVING FIXED OSE OUTLETS ALREADY IN PLACE. TERE IS ALSO A TENDENCY FOR EAVY ET OSES TO SLIDE DONARD EN PLACED ON AN INCLINE (SUC AS TE INCLINE SEEN IN A STAIRELL), EREAS STANDPIPES DO NOT MOVE. TE USE OF STANDPIPES KEEPS STAIRELLS CLEAR AND IS SAFER FOR EXITING OCCANTS. STANDPIPES GO IN A DIRECT AND DON DIRECTION RATER TAN LOOPING AROUND TE STAIRELL, GREATLY REDUCING TE LENGT AND TUS TE LOSS OF ATER PRESSURE DUE TO FRICTION LOSS. ADDITIONALLY, STANDPIPES ARE RIGID AND DO NOT KINK, IC CAN OCCUR EN A FIREOSE IS IMPROPERLY LAID ON A STAIRELL. STANDPIPE SYSTEMS ALSO PROVIDE A LEVEL OF REDUNDANCY, SOULD TE MAIN ATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ITIN A BUILDING FAIL OR BE OTERISE BE COMPROMISED BY A FIRE OR EXPLOSION. FIRE OSE IS A IG-PRESSURE OSE USED TO CARRY ATER OR OTER FIRE RETARDANT (SUC AS FOAM) TO A FIRE TO EXTINGUIS IT. OUTDOORS, IT IS ATTACED EITER TO A FIRE ENGINE OR A FIRE YDRANT. INDOORS, IT CAN BE PERMANENTLY ATTACED TO A BUILDING'S STANDPIPE OR PLUMBING SYSTEM.. FIRE FIGTING LAYOUT-BASEMENT K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R ASMITA C. O. A. FOURT YEAR FLOOOR LEVEL SPRINKLER SYSTEM VARIOUS TYPES OF SPRINKLER EAD SECTION TROUG BUILDING B. A R C SERVICES 2

2 mm SPRINKLER RUBBER OSE IT mm. BORE EAT DETECTOR RA BOLT FOR FIXING AU AU STOP VALVE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FLR LVL NOZZLE OSE GUIDE 25MM SPLY PIPE STOP VALVE FIRE EXINGUISER EXIT SIGN PRIMARY SPLY SECONDARY SPLY OSE REEL MALE MENS FEMALE AU ELEVATION SECTION OSE REEL DETAIL OSE REELS They are located to provide a reasonably accessible and controlled supply of water to combat a fire risk. The length of a full extended fire hose is 36 meters with a diameter of 19mm (outside diameter). A control nozzle attached to the hose enables the operator to control the direction and flow of water to the fire. Various types of reels are available to meet your specific requirements. FIRE ALARM EMERGENCY LIGT SAND BUCKET S A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Smoke detectors consist of a sensing chamber, alarm sounding device and a means of electrical power transmission. There are two kinds of residential smoke detectors: ionization and photoelectric. AU STORE IT TE AU EAT DETECTORS A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. eat detectors have two main classifications of operation, "rate of rise" and FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT SCALE-1:250 FLAME DETECTORS There are several types of flame detector. The optical flame detector is a detector that uses optical sensors to detect flames. There are also ionization flame detectors, which use current flow in the flame to detect flame presence, and thermocouple flame detectors. FIRE FIGTING LAYOUT:FLOOR PLAN K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 4

3 LINE GOING TO YDRANT LINE GOING TO O..T PUMP SLUICE VALVE ATER METER PUMP 4.2M X 4.2M BREECING POINT GOOSENECK FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM A FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM IS AN ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION MEASURE, CONSISTING OF A ATER SPLY SYSTEM, PROVIDING ADEQUATE PRESSURE AND FLORATE TO A ATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEM, ONTO IC FIRE SPRINKLERS ARE CONNECTED. ALTOUG ISTORICALLY ONLY USED IN FACTORIES AND LARGE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS, SYSTEMS FOR OME AND SMALL BUILDING ARE NO AVAILABLE AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE. IN BUILDINGS COMPLETELY PROTECTED BY FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS, OVER 99% OF FIRES ERE CONTROLLED BY FIRE SPRINKLERS ALONE. TYPES SPRINKLER EAT DETECTOR FIRE EXINGUISER EXIT SIGN MENS FEMALE MALE AU RELIANCE DIGITAL AU STORE IT TE AU AU BIG BAZAR AU LINE GOING TO YDRANT SUBSTATION D.G.SET ET PIPE SYSTEMS BY A IDE MARGIN, ET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS ARE INSTALLED MORE OFTEN TAN ALL OTER TYPES OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. TEY ALSO ARE TE MOST RELIABLE, BECAUSE TEY ARE SIMPLE, IT TE ONLY OPERATING COMPONENTS BEING TE AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS AND (COMMONLY, BUT NOT ALAYS) TE AUTOMATIC ALARM CECK VALVE. AN AUTOMATIC ATER SPLY PROVIDES ATER UNDER PRESSURE TO TE SYSTEM PIPING. DRY PIPE SYSTEM DRY PIPE SYSTEMS ARE INSTALLED IN SPACES IN IC TE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MAY BE COLD ENOUG TO FREEZE TE ATER IN A ET PIPE SYSTEM RENDERING TE SYSTEM INOPERABLE. DRY PIPE SYSTEMS ARE MOST OFTEN USED IN UNEATED BUILDINGS, IN PARKING GARAGES, IN OUTSIDE CANOPIES ATTACED TO EATED BUILDINGS (IN IC A ET PIPE SYSTEM OULD BE PROVIDED), OR IN REFRIGERATED COOLERS. DRY PIPE SYSTEMS ARE TE SECOND MOST COMMON SPRINKLER SYSTEM TYPE. ADVANTAGES SOME VIE DRY PIPE SPRINKLERS AS ADVANTAGEOUS FOR PROTECTION OF COLLECTIONS AND OTER ATER SENSITIVE AREAS. TIS PERCEIVED BENEFIT IS DUE TO A FEAR TAT ET SYSTEM PIPING MAY LEAK, ILE DRY PIPE SYSTEMS ILL NOT. OEVER, TE SAME POTENTIAL FOR ACCIDENTAL ATER DAMAGE EXISTS, AS DRY PIPE SYSTEMS ILL ONLY PROVIDE A SLIGT DELAY PRIOR TO ATER DISCARGE ILE TE AIR IN TE PIPING IS RELEASED FROM TE PIPE. PRIMARY SPLY SECONDARY SPLY OSE REEL FIRE ALARM EMERGENCY LIGT SAND BUCKET NORT S E DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF USING DRY PIPE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS INCLUDE: EAT DETECTOR L.M.R. LIFT SAFT GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT SCALE-1:500 FIRE OSE REEL AND SIAMESE CONNECTION ET RISER CUM DON COMER O..T. U.G.T. SPRINKLER OSE REEL TYPICAL SECTION TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISER INCREASED COMPLEXITY - DRY PIPE SYSTEMS REQUIRE ADDITIONAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND AIR PRESSURE SPLY COMPONENTS IC INCREASES SYSTEM COMPLEXITY. TIS PUTS A PREMIUM ON PROPER MAINTENANCE, AS TIS INCREASE IN SYSTEM COMPLEXITY RESULTS IN AN INERE NTLY LESS RELIABLE OVERALL SYSTEM (I.E., MORE SINGLE FAILURE POINTS) AS COMPARED TO A ET PIPE SYSTEM. IGER INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS - TE ADDED COMPLEXITY IMPACTS TE OVERALL DRY-PIPE INSTALLATION COST, AND INCREASES MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURE PRIMARILY DUE TO ADDED SERVICE LABOR COSTS. LOER DESIGN FLEXIBILITY - REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS LIMIT TE MAXIMUM PERMITTED SIZE (I.E., 750 GALLONS) OF INDIVIDUAL DRY-PIPE SYSTEMS UNLESS ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS AND DESIGN EFFORTS ARE PROVIDED TO LIMIT TE TIME FROM SPRINKLER ACTIVATION TO ATER DISCARGE TO UNDER ONE MINUTE. TESE LIMITATIONS MAY INCREASE TE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL SPRINKLER ZONES(I.E., SERVED FROM A SINGLE RISER) TAT MUST BE PROVIDED IN TE BUILDING, AND IMPACT TE ABILITY OF AN ONER TO MAKE SYSTEM ADDITIONS. INCREASED FIRE RESPONSE TIME - BECAUSE TE PIPING IS EMPTY AT TE TIME TE SPRINKLER OPERATES, TERE IS AN INERENT TIME DELAY IN DELIVERING ATER TO TE SPRINKLERS IC AVE OPERATED ILE TE ATER TRAVELS FROM TE RISER TO TE SPRINKLER, PARTIALLY FILLING TE PIPING IN TE PROCESS. A MAXIMUM OF 60 SECONDS IS NORMALLY ALLOED BY REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FROM TE TIME A SINGLE SPRINKLER OPENS UNTIL ATER IS DISCARGED ONTO TE FIRE. TIS DELAY IN FIRE SPRESSION RESULTS IN A LARGER FIRE PRIOR TO CONTROL, INCREASING PROPERTY DAMAGE.. FIRE FIGTING SYSTEM-GROUND FLOOR K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 3

4 CLASSES OF FIRE MALE MENS FEMALE AU AU AU SR.NO Class of Fire 'A' : Fires in ordinary combustibles 'B' : Fires in flammable liquids, paints, grease,solvents,etc. 'C' : Fires in gaseous subtances under pressure 'D' : Fires in reactive chemicals, active metals, etc. FIRE SAFETY ASPECTS Suitable Type of Appliances Chemical extinguishers of soda acid, gas/expelled water, anti-freeze and water buckets Chemical extinguishers of foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder type and sand buckets Carbon dioxide and dry powder type Special type of dry powder extinguishers and sand buckets Following aspects are taken care of for in passive fire protection: 1. Internal azards: Internal hazards are the hazards related to the design of the building itself. They depend upon: - Size, shape, height of the building - Materials and design of the construction - Contents of building - Maintenance of building Internal hazards can be countered by : - Fire resistance of structure - Compartmentation - Fire and smoke venting 2. Personal azards : The extent of personal hazards depends on the occupant characteristics or conditions of the occupants in the building which refers to: - Alertness of occupants - Familiarity with the building layout - Mobility 3. Exposure azards : Exposure hazards can be restricted by : - Isolation from neighborhood structures - Access for outside emergency services - Proper site planning SPRINKLER EAT DETECTOR FIRE EXINGUISER EXIT SIGN PRIMARY SPLY SECONDARY SPLY OSE REEL FIRE ALARM EMERGENCY LIGT SAND BUCKET AU STORE IT TE AU OVER FLO PIPE DOMESTIC AND FLUSING DIVISION FIRE FIGTING DIVISION PUMP BAFFLE ALL SECOND FLOOR LAYOUT SCALE-1:250 ET RISER UGT DETAIL - PLAN FROM M..S.L. SR.NO FIRE RATING OF MATERIALS Materials Solid hard harel wood door shutter 30 mm thick. 115 mm thick Brick all 230 mm thick Brick all 350 mm thick Brick all Fire Rating 30 mins 30 mins 1 hour 1 hour 30 mins. INLET PIPE DON COMER PIPE FIRE FIGTING DIVISION IN TANK DRINKING DIVISION IN TANK FLUSING DIVISION IN TANK OVER FLO PIPE OUTLET PIPE INLET PIPE DON COMER PIPE FIRE FIGTING DIVISION DRINKING DIVISION FLUSING DIVISION IN TANK OVER FLO PIPE OUTLET PIPE OVER FLO PIPE DOMESTIC AND FLUSING DIVISION F R E E B O A R D S P A C E FIRE FIGTING DIVISION PUMP BREACING PIPE GROUND LEVEL FROM M..S.L. BAFFLE ALL FIRE FIGTING LAYOUT:FLOOR PLAN K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R mm thick R.C.C. all 200 mm Thick R.C.C. all 1 hour 2 hours OT DETAIL - PLAN OT DETAIL - SECTION UGT DETAIL - SECTION F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C

5 LINE GOING TO YDRANT TERRACE M.LVL LINE GOING TO O..T TERRACE M.LVL PUMP LINE GOING TO YDRANT SLUICE VALVE ATER METER PUMP 4.2M X 4.2M SUBSTATION D.G.SET BREECING POINT LINE GOING TO YDRANT GOOSENECK CONSIDERING, ATER CAPACITY IN O..T. = ATER CAPACITY IN U.G.T. CALCULATION OF OVEREAD TANK : CAPACITY FOR O..T. TANK = 1,80,000 LITRE + 25,000LITRE ATER FOR FFT = LITRE TEREFORE CAPACITY OF O..T. SOULD BE LITRE CALCULATION OF OVEREAD TANK : VOLUME OF ATER IN O..T. = REQUIRED AMOUNT OF ATER / 1000 = / 1000 = 205 CUBIC METRE VOLUME OF U.G.T. = AREA X EIGT 205 = L X B X CONSIDERING EIGT OF O.. T = 2.1M ( ERE EIGT OF ATER LEVEL =1.8 M & FREE SPACE = 0.3 M ) AND L = 2 X B / 2.1 = 2(B X B) TUS, B = 6.98M = 7 M AND L = 2 X B = 2X 7 = 14 M CALCULATION FOR FFT PARTITION IN OT: ATER CAPACITY CALCULATION TOTAL BUILT AREA = X 3 SQ.M. = SQ.M. AREA REQUIRED PER PERSON = 3.5 SQ. M. NO. OF VISITORS PER DAY = TOTAL AREA/( AREA REQ./PERSON ) = / 3.5 = i.e. APPROX AMOUNT OF ATER REQUIRED / PERSON / DAY = 45 LITRE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ATER REQUIRED / DAY = TOTAL NO.OF PEOPLE X AMNT. OF ATER REQ. /DAY = 4000 X 45 = 1,80,000 LITRE ATER REQUIRED FOR FIRE FIGTING IS 50,000 LITRE TOTAL ATER CAPACITY OF UGT SOULD BE 1,80, ,000 = 2,30,000 LITRE CALCULATION OF UNDERGROUND TANK : VOLUME OF ATER IN U.G.T. = REQ. AMNT. OF ATER / 1000 = 2,30,000 / 1000 = 230 CUBIC METRE VOLUME OF U.G.T. = AREA X EIGT 230 = L X B X CONSIDERING EIGT OF U.G.T. = 3.5 M ( ERE EIGT OF ATER LEVEL = 3.2 M & FREE SPACE = 0.3 M ) F SPLY RETURN GOOSE NECK ATER METER SLUICE VALVE NON-RETURN VALVE M..S.L. BREACING POINT FIRE YDRANT O..T O..T TERRACE M.LVL SITE PLAN SCALE-1:500 LINE GOING TO YDRANT AMOUNT OF ATER REQUIRED IN FFT SECTION = 25,000 LITRE VOLUME OF FFT TANK = 25 CUBIC M. 25= L X B X 25 = L X 7X 1.8( EIGT OF ATER LEVEL ) L = 1.98 M = 2 M TUS AREA OF FFT SECTION IN U.G.T. = 2 M X 7 M & EIGT = 2.1 M CALCULATION FOR FLUSING SECTION IN O..T: AMNT. OF ATER REQ.FOR FLUSING PER PERSON PER DAY = 25 LITRE TOTAL NO. OF PEOPLE = 4000 TUS NET AMOUNT OF ATER FOR FLUSING SECTION = 4000 X 25 = 1,00,000 LITRE VOLUME OF FLUSING SECTION = 100 CUBIC M. V = L X B X 100 = L X 7X 1.8(EIGT OF ATER LEVEL ) L = 7.93 M TUS AREA OF FLUSING SECTION IN O..T. = 7M X 7.93M CALCULATION FOR DOMESTIC SECTION IN O..T: NO AREA OF DOMESTIC SECTION IN O..T. = AREA OF OT - (AREA OF FFT SECTION + AREA OF FLUSING SECTION) = = SQ. M SQ. M. = L X B /7 = L =4.07M TUS AREA OF DOMESTIC SECTION IN U.G.T. = 4.07M X 7 M AND L = 2 X B 230/ 3.2 = 2(B X B) TUS, B = 5.99M = 6 M AND L = 2 X B = 2X 6 = 12 M CALCULATION FOR FFT PARTITION IN UGT AMOUNT OF ATER REQUIRED IN FFT SECTION = 50,000 LITRE VOLUME OF FFT TANK = 50 CUBIC M. 50 = L X B X 50 = L X 6 X 3.2( EIGT OF ATER LEVEL ) L = 2.6 M TUS AREA OF FFT SECTION IN U.G.T. = 2.6 M X 6 M & EIGT = 3.5 M CALCULATION FOR FLUSING SECTION IN UGT AMOUNT OF ATER REQUIRED FOR FLUSING PER PERSON PER DAY = 25 LITRE TOTAL NO. OF PEOPLE = 4000 TUS NET AMOUNT OF ATER FOR FLUSING SECTION = 4000 X 25 = 1,00,000 LITRE VOLUME OF FLUSING SECTION = 100 CUBIC M. V = L X B X 100 = L X 6 X 3.2(EIGT OF ATER LEVEL ) L = 5.20 M TUS AREA OF FLUSING SECTION IN U.G.T. = 5.5M X 6 M CALCULATION FOR DOMESTIC SECTION IN UGT NO AREA OF DOMESTIC SECTION IN U.G.T. = AREA OF UGT - (AREA OF FFT SECTION + AREA OF FLUSING SECTION) = 72 -( )= 23.4 SQ. M SQ. M. = L X B 23.4/6 = L =3.9 M TUS AREA OF DOMESTIC SECTION IN U.G.T. = 3.9M X 6 M NORT S E ATER METER ROAD FOOTPAT TO UG TANK COVER GOOSE NECK MUNICIPAL ATER SPLY SECTION TROUG TE MUNICIPAL MAIN GOOSE NECK FIRE FIGTING LAYOUT: SITE PLAN GOOSE NECK COMPOUND ALL TO UG TANK K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R 1 MUNICIPAL ATER SPLY ATER METER NICE FOR ATER METER PLAN SOINGS ATER SPLY INTO TE UG TANK ATER METER SLUICE VALVE BREECING POINT F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C

6 EXAUST EXAUST AREA OF BASEMENT = i.e. APPROX SQ.M TEREFORE VOLUME OF BASEMENT = X 4.2 = CUBIC M. = CUBIC FT RETURN AIR SPLY AIR DN CUBIC FT i.e. APPROX CUBIC FT = AC PLANT EXAUST PROVIDING 12 AIR CANGES / R. VOLUME OF / 60 MIN. = CFM REQUIRED FOR ONE AIR CANGE / 60 = i.e TOTAL CFM REQUIRED = X 12 AIR CANGES = CFM TEREFORE PROVIDE FANS OF CAPACITY CFM DIVIDING PLENUM AND EXAUST % TEREFORE, PLENUM FAN CAPACITY CFM EXAUST FAN CAPACITY CFM CONSIDERING 5 CENTRIFUGAL FANS OF C.F.M. EAC AND STARTING VELOCITY OF 1200 FT/MIN, CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF AT START = 36000/1200 =30 SQ.FT CONSIDERING RECTANGULAR S IT SIDES A & 1.5A, 1.5AXA = 30 A = 4.47 FT ENCE, 1.5X4.47 = 6.7 FT STARTING SIZE = 6.7 FT X 4.5 FT TOTAL AREA OF PLANT : TOTAL AREA TO BE TREATED OF MALL BUILDING = X 3 = SQ. M. NORT TOTAL AREA OF A.C. PLANT IS 3 % OF TOTAL AREA TO BE SERVED IT A/C. E AC PLANT TOTAL AREA OF A.C. PLANT = SQ.M TOTAL AREA OF COOLING TOER IS 3 % OF TOTAL AREA OF A/C PLANT S PLENUM PLENUM TOTAL AREA OF COOLING TOER =27 SQ M. TOTAL AREA OF A..U. IS 3 % OF TOTAL AREA TO BE SERVED IT A/C. AREA TO BE TREATED AT GROUND FLOOR LEVEL = SQ.M. PLENUM BASEMENT PLAN SCALE-1:250 TOTAL AREA OF A..U. = SQ.M. AREA TO BE TREATED AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL = SQ.M. MOUNTING OF MULTIPLE S ON TRAPAZE ANGER D U C T S A N D F I T T I N G R.C.C. SLAB METAL STRAPS FIXED TO TE CEILING RUBBER PADDING STEEL SECTION 7D MOUNTING OF TO RCC SLAB D 2=X R.C.C. SLAB 7X METAL STRAPS FIXED TO TE CEILING RUBBER PADDING STEEL SECTION 7D' 7D/7 4D/4 D= 2 D' 2X D= 2 METAL STRAP FIXED TO R.C SLAB IT DOELS PLUGGED AT REGULAR INTERVALS PLENUM R.C.C. SLAB FIXING DETAILS OF S TO SLAB TOTAL AREA OF A..U. = SQ.M. AREA TO BE CALCULATED AT SECOND FLOOR LEVEL = SQ.M. TOTAL AREA OF A..U. = SQ. M. TOTAL VOLUME TO BE CONDITIONED X4.2=1,29, CU.MT. SO TOTAL TONNAGE= = CU.FT. TEREFORE,ONE FLOOR TONNAGE= /3= TOTAL TONNAGE REQUIRED, 1528 TONNES SPREAD ACROSS 5 AU'S MECANICAL VENTILATION-BASEMENT K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 1

7 FAN MOTOR AU AU SPLY AREA RETURN AIR SPLY AIR ACCESS PANEL A..U FIXING CLEATS MALE MENS FEMALE BIG BAZAR VIE OF AIR ANDLING UNIT AU FAN COIL UNIT 150MM TK SLAB M.S ANGLE SECTION M.S STRAP OR ANGER ALUMINIUM FOIL BNIDING TAPE GLASS OOL IRE MES G.I GLASS OOL RELIANCE DIGITAL FIELD INSTALLED INLET ARM ATER PIPING ARM MOIST AIR OUT AC INSULATION ALUMINIUM OR REINFORCED AXIAL DRIVEN GEAR MOTOR FAN CYLINDER AU STORE IT TE MEDICAL STORE AU` GALVANISED STEEL COLD ATER BASIN OVERFLO AND DRAIN COLD ATER TO PUMP SECTION LOUVERS CLOSE PACKET FILM TYPE FILL P.V.C SPORT ON 2 STEEL BEAM FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT SCALE- 1:250 COOLING TOER EXPANTION TANK DRAIN COOLING TOER A..U. FRES AIR IT DAMPER DAMPER DETAIL FINIS FLOOR LINE STEEL ANGLE AS REQUIRED fresh air inlet fresh air damper out in chilled water from plant distribution pipe fan fine spray head expanded polysterene COMPRESSOR CILLED ATER PUMP AIR CONDITIONED EVAPORATOR A. C. PLANT TERMOSTATIC EXPANTION VALVE CILLED ATER COOLING COIL CONDENSER ATER PUMP SCEMATIC SECTION SOING CENTRAL CILLED ATER. BEAM EXPANSION BOLT CONNECTION OF TE FROM CEILING return air damper mixing chamber pre filter return air duct AIR ANDLING UNIT... supply air damper fine filter (optional) heating coil (optional) drain point cooling coil supply air duct rcc slab COOLING TOER louvers cooling tower from condenser to condenser rockwool insulation pipe double layer felt SECTION TROUG CILLED ATER PIPE MECANICAL VENTILATION:FLOOR PLANS K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 3

8 AIR SIDES OF S AU LINE GOING TO O..T AU PUMP SLUICE VALVE ATER METER PUMP 4.2M X 4.2M SUBSTATION GOOSENECK A..U. CONSIDERATION: IT SOULD BE LOCATED AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO TE AREA TO BE AIR CONDITIONED, SO AS TO REDUCE TE LENGT & MAXIMIZE COOLING EFFICIENCY & ALSO SAVE ON COST FACTOR. A PROVISION FOR VENTILATION TO BE PROVIDED. A..U. SOULD BE ACOUSTICALLY TREATED. IN CASE OF TALL BUILDINGS VERTICAL SAFTS SOULD BE PROVIDED TO ANDLE FRES AIR & ATER PIPES. ACCESS DOOR TO A..U. SOULD BE SINGLE LEAF,ACOUSTICALLY TREATED,SOULD AVE A SILL & SOULD OPEN OUTARD. FLOOR DRAIN REQUIRED TO CARRY AAY ASTE ATER. FLOOR OF SOULD BE LIGT COLORED & SMOOT FINISED. F SPLY RETURN GOOSE NECK ATER METER SLUICE VALVE NON-RETURN VALVE AIR BOTTOM OF S AIR AT TE END OF S DIFFUSER END DIFFUSER PRIMARY EXAUST DIFFUSER METAL STRAPS FIXED TO CEILING MENS FEMALE MALE RELIANCE DIGITAL AU AU M.LVL STORE IT TE MEDICAL STORE AU` BIG BAZAR M.LVL BREECING POINT D.G.SET TYPICAL A.. U. COMPONENTS : 1. SPLY 2. FAN COMPARTMENT 3. FLEXIBLE CONNECTION 4. EATING AND/OR COOLING COIL 5. FILTER COMPARTMENT 6. RETURN AND FRES AIR AIR DESIGN : a. AIR SOULD BE CONVEYED AS DIRECTLY AS POSSIBLE TO ECONOMIZE ON POER,MATERIAL & SPACE. b. SUDDEN CANGE IN DIRECTION SOULD BE AVOIDED.EN BENDS ARE ESSENTIAL, TURNING VANES SOULD BE USED TO MINIMIZE TE PRESSURE LOSS. c. AIR VELOCITIES IN S SOULD BE ITIN PERMISSIBLE LIMITS TO MINIMIZE NOISE. d. DIVERGING SECTIONS SOULD BE MADE GRADUAL & TE ANGLE OF DIVERGENCE SOULD NOT EXCEED 20 DEG. e. RECTANGULAR S SOULD BE MADE AS NEARLY SQUARE AS POSSIBLE. TIS ILL ENSURE MINIMUM SURFACE, & ENCE COST,FOR TE SAME AIR CARRYING CAPACITY. AS ASPECT RATIO OF 4 :1 OR LESS SOULD BE MAINTAINED. f. S SOULD BE MADE OF SMOOT MATERIALS SUC AS GALVANIZED IRON OR ALUMINUM SEET METALS. g. DAMPERS SOULD BE PROVIDED IN EAC OUTLET FOR BALANCING TE SYSTEM. M..S.L. BREACING POINT FIRE YDRANT NORT E S EXAUST GRILL EXAUST GRILL AT SKIRTING LEVEL TERTIARY SECONDARY DETAIL SOING CONNECTION BETEEN EXAUST S R.C.C. COLUMN (600 MM DIA) EXTRACT / OUTLET FIXING MEMBERS INLET ISOMETRIC VIE SECTION RECTANGULAR LOUVERED FACED DIFFUSER VERTICAL GUIDE STRIPS GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT MAIN TRANSITION ELBO TYPICAL BRANCING OF S MAIN BRANC FAN COIL UNIT : 1. TE FAN COIL UNIT IS A SEET METAL CABINET TAT OUSES A CILLED ATER COIL CONSTRUCTED OUT OF COPPER TUBES AND ALUMINUM FINS, A BLOER IT MOTOR AND AIR FILTER. 2. FAN COIL UNITS ARE GENERALLY USED ERE MULTIPLE AREAS ARE TO BE COOLED INDEPENDENTLY, USING A CENTRAL AIRCONDITIONING PLANT. 3. TE ATER IS CILLED CENTRALLY AND PUMPED TO VARIOUS PARTS OF BUILDING TROUG INSULATED PIPES. 4. TE CILLED ATER ENTERS TE F.C.U. ERE EAT EXCANGE TAKES PLACE BETEEN TE AIR & TE CILLED ATER IN TE COIL. 5. AIR IS PASSED OVER TE COILS USING A TREE SPEED BLOER MOTOR, MOUNTED IN TE F.C.U. 6. TE AIR SPEED CAN BE CONTROLLED BY COOSING TE BLOER MOTOR SPEED FROM SELECTOR SITC IN TE CONDITIONED SPACE. TYPES OF BLOER FANS : 1. PROPELLER TYPE 2. AXIAL TYPE 3. CENTRIFUGAL TYPE MECANICAL VENTILATION: GROUND FLOOR K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R 2 FIXING OF TO ALL / COLUMN ROUND LOUVERED FACED DIFFUSER CEILING DIFFUSERS IN ORIZONTAL S STANDARD ELBO BRANC F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C

9 COMPRESSOR refrigerant under high pressure AU AU EVAPORATOR COIL heat is absorbed CONDENSOR COIL heat is given off RETURN AIR SPLY AIR A..U low pressure EXPANEION VALVE MALE MENS FEMALE BIG BAZAR DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEM... OUTDOOR INDOOR AU condenssor coil evaporator coil electric strip heater supply air return air condensate drip& drain tray filter RELIANCE DIGITAL AXIAL FAN housing AU STORE IT TE MEDICAL STORE AU` spin baffle centre plate SECOND FLOOR LAYOUT SCALE- 1:250 scroll side PUMPING CILLED ATER TO AU TO A U FROM A U C C C TO COOLING TOER FROM COOLING TOER AIR DISTRIBUTION OUTLETS bearing support inlet collar back plate blades inlet cone inlet plate blast area outlet area outlet discharge scroll supports MECANICAL VENTILATION:FLOOR PLANS K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 4

10 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO BRICK ALL IT AIR CAVITY DEFECTS REASONS / CAUSES REMEDY OR RECTIFICATION INTERNAL ALL PLASTER 18 MM 1. EXCESSIVE REVERBERATION TIMBER SKIRTING It is the prolongation of sound. Optimum reverberation time is very much desired. Excessive reverberaton time becomes an acoustical defect. Optimum ratios are asfollows: 1. Speech: sec 2. Music: sec3. Multipurpose: 2 sec 2. ECO It is the repetition of sound. Echo may occur twice, thrice, four times and so on.echo is noticed when difference between direct sound and reflected sound is heard bylistener. If difference exceeds 20m, then echo is heard Excessive reverberation will occur if, a). Volume of the auditorium is very much in excess b). Absorption of the auditorium or the hall is inadequate c). Shape is unsuitable Reflecting surfaces situated far away fromlistener causes echo.a. Distant reflecting surfaces.b. Unsuitable shapes in designs a). Design of the auditorium with acoustical materials of required sound absorption and of required area. b). Design auditoriums of optimum ratio of volume By medical operation: a). By converting distant sound reflecting surface with a material having very high b). By covering such surfaces with dense foliage.surgical operations a). This method includes making alterations in such a manner that distant reflecting reflecting surfaces are avoided. b). Avoid curvilinear interiors as far as possible. Double Glaze Silica Gel Glass ool 280mm 25 MM OOD OOL SLABS 50 X 50 MM TIMBER BATTENS FLOOR S 25 MM TK. AIR GAP INSULATING QUILT RCC FLOOR SLAB 100 MM TICK CEILING PLASTER SECTION - DETAIL OF OOD RAFT ON CONCRETE 19 MM PLASTER C A V I T Y FELT 3. SOUND FLUTTER In sound flutter sound dies in steps of diminishing intensity [reducing loudness].ence, there is neither reverberation nor echo. Sound flutter produces unusual effectfor a momemt such as thrilling or cracking sound. a). Ceilings, floors parallel to each other and they are hard reflecting surfaces. This defect is noticed.b. Long corridors, parallel walls and ceiling floors. Causes noticeable defect. a). Avoid parallel surfaces In form of two walls, floors or ceilings as far as possible. b). Provide surfaces, which are highly absorbent materials. c). Treat such surfaces in splay or convex forms, so that sound is diffused and parallel deflection avoided. PARTITION DETAIL 12 MM PLASTER BRICK ALL 4. SOUND FOCI PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO In an auditorium the shape of which is so arranged that number of reflections are.brought at one place. ence a loud spot iscreated. In an auditorium sound is said tobe uniformly diffused or distributed.curvilinear interiors result into un-uniformdistribution of sound in an auditorium. 5. DEAD SPOTS 6. INSUFFICIENT SOUND 7. INTERFERENCE [ LOSS OF CLARITY ] a). Concave interior forms in architecture b). Unsuitable shapes in design in plan and in section.c). Projecting beams below the slab. a). Reflecting surfaces are not properly arranged. b). Unsuitable shapes in design. a. Excessive absorption.b. Volume of auditorium is over optimum value c. Lack of reflectors close of source of sound. a. Excessive reverberations.b. Inadequate absorptive material. a). Avoid curvilinear shapes as far as possible.b). Treat such curvilinear surfaces with materials having very high absorption power. This treatment is medical treatment. c). Treat such surfaces in splay or convex forms of smaller shape. This is surgical treatment so that focusing will be eliminated. d). Surgical treatment: making alterations of the auditorium d in such a manner that original of the auditorium is changed.e). Treat beams with absorptive materials or provide splayed false ceiling. a). Avoid unsuitable shapes in designs.b). Avoid deep balcony overhangs. c). Provide sound reflecting surface such that sound distribution is uniform.if required adjustable sound reflecting surfaces to ceiling are recommended. a. Provision of sound reflectors of calculated area around the stage.b. Provide amplified sound system. a. Control of reverberation time.b. Avoid excessive volume ratio. c. Provide sound absorbing material of calculated area. ACOUSTICAL CONCRETE FLOOR GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF GOOD ACOUSTICAL DESIGN: SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING DIMENSIONS SAPE SEATS AND SITTING ARRANGEMENT REVERBERATION AND SOUND ABSORPTION LIST OF MATERIALS FOR ACOUSTICAL PURPOSES: CELLOTAX CANETILES ACOUSTILITES ACOUSTICAL BLANKETS GYPSUM PLASTER CARPET PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO 8. IG BACKGROUND NOISE Poor sound insulation, badly fitting doors and windows or noisy air conditioning system. Provide requisite sound insulation; provide proper door and window of adequate insulating value. Reduce noise of airconditioning equipment by isolating the machine. ACOUSTICAL BLANKETS: ALL FORMS OF RUGS,CARPETS,CURTAINS ARE CATEGORIZED UNDER ACOUSTICAL BLANKETS. AUDITORIUM CURTAINS OF 2mx1m OFFERS A COEFFICIENT OF ABSORPTION. TEY ABSORB 50 PERCENT. SEATS REVERBERATION: IN S IC AVE MORE SURFACE TAN, SOUND TENDS TO PROLONG ITS EXISTANCE.TIS PROLONGATION OF SOUND IS CALLED AS REVERBERATION. NOTE: IF REVERBERATION IS KEPT UNDER CECK IT CAN ENANCE TE QUALITY OF SOUND OR IF PLACED BEYOND TE REQUIREMENT IT CAN CAUSE ANNOYANCE OF SOUND. GYPSUM PLASTER IT IS AVAILABLE IN TO VARITIES. READY MIX COMPONENT IC CAN BE DIRECTLY APPLIED TO ALL SURFACES. OR TEY CAN BE DEVELOPED ON SITE. SEPRATE DRY GYPSUM POER CAN BE MIXED IT BINDERS OR ADESIVE AND ADDED IT INFILL MATERIAL.ON ITS ON GYPSUM DOES NOT OFFER ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE,BUT STILL TEY ARE PREFFERED BECAUSE TEY ARE AVAILABLE IN VARIETY OF PASTEL SEETS.TEY READILY COMBINE IT BINDING A AND INFILL MATERIALS TO GIVE ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE. DESIGN OF LECTURE ALLS (UNAMPLIFIED) LECTURE ALLS ARE DESIGNED FOR AUDITORS IT SLIGTLY RAISED CONVERSATION SCALE ie.60-65db. UMAN SPEEC IS FRONTAL IN NATURE IT MAXIMUM AUDIOBILITY IN FRONT. MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM AUDITOR SOULD BE FEET. NORMALLY TIERED SITTING IS NOT REQUIRED FOR AUDIANCE,BUT IF DEEPER TAN FEET TIERS MAY BE INTRODUCED TO IMPROVE ACOUSTICAL CLARITY. ABSORPION COEFFICIENT : EVERY MATERIAL IS CAPABLE OF REFLECTING AND ABSORBING SOUND.TE AMOUNT OF SOUND REFLECTED OR ABSORBED BY MATERIAL DEPENDS ON TE DENSITY AND FINIS.ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FOR DIFFERENT MATERIAL IS GIVEN CONSTANT DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES OF SOUND. FIBRE PANEL ACCOUSTICAL LAYOUT:FLOOR PLAN K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 2

11 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO AUDITORIUM UNDER CONSIDERATION IS FOR LECTURE ALL. AUDITORIUM UNDER TIS CATEGORY SALL BE DESIGNED FOR OPTIMUM TIME OF REVERBERATION OF SECONDS. TE REVERBERATION TIME OBTAINED IS 0.92 SECONDS. ENCE IT IS SUITABLE FOR TIS PURPOSE. CASE 1) EN ENTIRE AUDITORIUM IS EMPTY: surface type surface area in sqm absorption coefficient Aa reverberation time legend incident ray FLOORING CARPET SIDE ALLS T. PANEL TO 1.5M reflected ray projection and sound PANELS GYPSUM PLASTER ON FALSE CEILING FIBRE GLASS T. PANEL TO 1.5M GYPSUM PLASTER ON ALL RARE ALL CEILING LAMINATED PLASTER FIBRE GLASS GYPSUM PLASTER LAMINATED GYPSUM PERFORATED METAL SEET R.T.= 61 X = 0.98 SEC. direct ray GREEN stage OLSTERED DOOR DOORS OLSTERED STAGE BACK ALL GYPSUM PLASTER CAIRS OISTERED CAIRS 260 NO.S 5 39 SECTION A-A SCALE:1:200 CASE 2) EN ENTIRE AUDITORIUM IS FULLY OCCIED: Aa = TOTAL ABSORPTION 1544 TOTAL VOLUME = 9486 CU. M. LAMINATED PLASTER surface type surface area in sqm absorption coefficient FLOORING CARPET Aa 62.4 reverberation time SIDE ALLS T. PANEL TO 1.5M 60 6 FIBRE GLASS LAMINATED PLASTER PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO A GREEN GREEN STORAGE STORAGE STAGE SOURCE D D D ahu ahu projection and sound A OLSTERED SEATS GYPSUM PLASTER ON ALL RARE ALL CEILING DOORS STAGE BACK ALL CAIRS surface FIBRE GLASS GYPSUM PLASTER LAMINATED GYPSUM PERFORATED METAL SEET OLSTERED GYPSUM PLASTER 240 OISTERED CAIRS EN ENTIRE AUDITORIUM IS ALF OCCIED: type Aa = TOTAL ABSORPTION NO.S surface area in sqm absorption coefficient FLOORING CARPET TOTAL VOLUME = 9486 CU. M. Aa 62.4 R.T. = 61 X = 0.95 SEC. reverberation time PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRO OLSTERED DOOR SIDE ALLS T. PANEL TO 1.5M 60 6 D LAMINATED PLASTER FIBRE GLASS RARE ALL GYPSUM PLASTER PLAN OF AUDITORIUM SCALE:1:200 CEILING LAMINATED GYPSUM PERFORATED METAL SEET R.T. = 61 X = 0.98 SEC. DOORS OLSTERED STAGE BACK ALL GYPSUM PLASTER CAIRS OISTERED CAIRS 130 NO.S Aa = TOTAL ABSORPTION TOTAL VOLUME = 9486 CU. M. VOLUME OF AUDITORIUM = AREA X EIGT = 1078 X 8.8 = 9486 CU. M. SABINE'S FORMULA FOR REVERBERATION OF TIME: REVERBERATION OF TIME IN SECOND = 61 X V / Aa R.T. = 6 V / A a ERE, R.T. = REVERBERATION TIME 6 = AUDIO FREQUENCY RANGE (CONSTANT) V = VOLUME OF ALL IN CU. M. A = SURFACE AREA IN SQ M a = COEFFICIENT OF ABSORPTION ACCOUSTICAL LAYOUT:FLOOR PLAN K A U S T U B B. P A L K A R F O U R T Y E A R B. A R C 1