Mechanical Systems Existing Conditions Evaluation. Instructor: Dr. Bahnfleth. November 12, Thesis Building Sponsor s: INOVA Fairfax Hospital

Transcription

1 David J. Peterson Mechanical Option Mechanical Technical Report #3 The INOVA HEART INSTITUTE AT, Falls Church, VA. Mechanical Technical Report #3 Mechanical Systems Existing Conditions Evaluation Instructor: Dr. Bahnfleth November 12, 2003 Thesis Building Sponsor s: and Turner Construction 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA

2 Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 2.0 Background 3.0 Design Conditions 4.0 Major Equipment 5.0 Sequence of Operation 6.0 Systems Cost 7.0 Critique 8.0 References 9.0 Appendix 2

3 1.0 Executive Summary: The purpose of this report is to understand the mechanical systems and equipment selection for the INOVA Heart Institute. is an addition to the existing INOVA Fairfax Hospital. The mechanical systems for the new hospital addition include a combination of constant volume for the majority of the hospital and a variable volume for the entrance and atrium space. The building is served by 13 air handling units 3 of which are stand-by. From these 13 AHU s there are 4 separate systems. Each system supplies air into one common duct which branches out through the respective space that it serves. The hospital receives steam and chilled water from the remote central plant which also serves the existing hospital. Due to restrictions by the owner and hospital, information about the existing chiller and steam plants was unattainable all information on the mechanical systems is based off the design documents for the new addition. In section 2.0 of this report a discussion of the background data and information is included. The information that will be discussed includes the design objectives, design requirements, and site factors that effected the design. In section 3.0 of this report a discussion of the design conditions and information is included. The information that will be discussed includes the indoor and outdoor design conditions, utility rates, cost factors and design loads. In section 4.0 of this report a discussion of the major equipment and corresponding systems within the building are included. The information that will be discussed in this section includes the Air systems, steam systems and hydronic systems. In section 5.0 of this report the sequence of operation of the buildings mechanical air systems is included. The information that will be discussed includes operation the four types of air systems located In section 6.0 of this report a system s cost for the buildings mechanical systems are included. The information that will be discussed includes the total MEP cost break down for the building. In section 7.0 of this report an overall critique of the buildings mechanical systems is included. In section 8.0 of this report a ultimate references used to analyze the buildings mechanical systems are included. In section 9.0 of this report is the appendices that include major equipment schedules and systems schematics. final rendering is shown in the photo below courtesy of Turner Construction and is due to open in the Summer of INOVA Rendering 1: Final Rendering 3

4 2.0 Background: 2.1 Building Information is an addition to the existing Located in Falls Church, Virginia. As stated in its name the new addition will serve as a Cardio- Vascular Institute and provide Operating, Care, Rehabilitation and lab spaces for all issues dealing with the heart. The demand for such facilities is ever increasing with the explosion in population in the Northern Virginia Area. The overall size of the new hospital is approximated at 410,000 sq.ft. and 6 floors. The hospital is broken down into 3 wings and are divided into sections A, B and C. Sections A and B serve the majority of the hospital and serve as recovery, patient, lab, general hospital office, atrium and recreation spaces. The third wing or CVOR (Cardio-Vascular-Operating-Rooms) serves as the critical care and operation wing. The new addition will be located and attached to the rear of the existing facility on the west end of the property. INOVA Photo 1: Existing Hospital 2.2 Design Objectives The design objectives for the mechanical systems for the new INOVA Heart Institute include: 1. Provide round the clock sufficient conditions for patients, workers and visitors with the use of terminal duct reheats, steam humidification and critical sensors throughout. (CO2, Temperature, and Pressure) 2. A variable volume system for variable occupancy in the open areas and atrium space 3. A constant volume system for the typical hospital area 4. A system that ingrates with the existing facilities district chilled water, steam and condensate 5. Provide backup AHU s to each system in order to maintain sufficient conditions 2.3 Design Requirements As stated in section 2.2 the primary objective is to maintain sufficient condition for 24 hours of operation. This requires proper filtration for indoor air quality issues, sufficient temperature, pressure, and C02 levels. These requirements serve to protect the health and well being of the inhabitants of the facility. 2.4 Site Factors The major site factor that influenced the new addition is that the new addition needed to be located on the existing property of the original so that it could tap into the existing central plant located directly north of the existing hospital. The new addition 4

5 receives all its chilled water and high pressure steam from this remote central plant which is fed into the building s sub-basement via existing tunnels adjacent to the existing hospital. Parking Existing Central Plant Water Tower Existing Hospital Garage Relocation New Hospital Location North Parking INOVA Photo 2: Aerial shot of Existing Hospital The west end of the property was the only appropriate direction in which to expand. The north end contains overflow parking a water tower and the central plant. The south end contains limited space due to existing residential housing and is also dedicated to some patient and visitor parking. The existing hospital extends all the way to the property limits on the east end next to Gallows Road, a major thoroughfare. The ultimate choice for selecting location was made on the west end where an existing parking deck would be demolished and relocated further west. This dated photo show the beginning excavation of the new parking deck. The INOVA Heart Institute is currently being constructed between the new parking deck and the existing hospital. 3.0 Design Conditions: INOVA Photo 3: Existing Central Plant 5

6 3.1 Indoor Conditions The indoor air conditions are taken from the mechanical specifications and are represented below. Indoor Air Conditions Indoor design conditions for all areas excluding CVOR s Indoor design conditions for all areas including CVOR s (Cardio- Vascular Operating Rooms): Dry Bulb: 72 F Relative Humidity: 50% Wet Bulb: Relative Humidity: 50% INOVA Table 1: Indoor Air Conditions 3.2 Outdoor Conditions The outdoor air conditions for design match that of the design conditions given in ASHRAE s Fundamentals for Washington, DC (at 0.4%) and are listed in the table below. 65 F Outdoor Air Conditions Design Cooling Temperatures: Design Cooling Temperatures: Evaporating Temperatures: (Summer) Dry Bulb: Mean Wet Bulb (Winter) Dry Bulb: Wet Bulb: Mean Dry Bulb: 95 F 76 F 15 F 79 F 89 F INOVA Table 2: Outdoor Air Conditions 3.3 Utility Rates and cost factors The following utility charges apply to the INOVA Heart Institute. The energy sources for the new addition are electric power from Virginia Electric and Power Company and gas from the Washington Gas and Light Company. Virginia Electric and Power Company Schedule GS-3U Distribution Service Charges Basic monthly: $ or $ annual Distribution Demand on all KW: $2.12 per KW Competitive Trans. On Peak Demand: $2.897 per KW Competitive Trans. On Peak KWH: $ per KWH INOVA Table 3: Electric Rate Summary 6

7 Under this rate schedule there is always a distribution demand on all KW but there are no excess off-peak demand charges like there is for on-peak. Keeping this new facility on the premises of the existing facility takes advantage of the no off- peak demand charge. On-peak hours are as follows: 1. For the period of June 1 through September 30, 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., Mondays through Fridays. 2. For the period of October 1 through May 31, 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., Mondays through Fridays. Washington Gas Commercial and Industrial Service Rate Schedule NO. 2 $196.2 System Charge: /(annual) Distribution Charge: (Per Therm) First: 125 Therms /(mos.) Next: 875 Therms /(mos.) Over: 1,000 Therms /(mos.) INOVA Table 4: Gas Rates Summary Information for the gas boilers located in the central plant is not accessible. Savings is obtained by the use of a central plant which purchases this utility presumably in large quantities to support the needs of the existing as well as the new facilities on the property. 3.4 Design Loads The total design cooling load for the building is estimated at 1875 tons. Mechanical Load Data Total Cooling Load Ft 2 /ton Supply Air 1.06 cfm/ft 2 Ventilation Air cfm/ft 2 INOVA Table 5: Mechanical Load Data Mechanical Design loads Heating Loads Total Quantity Btu/hr Tons Constant Volume Terminal Reheat Coils: Variable Volume Terminal Reheat Coils: Secondary Reheat Coils for CVORs: Air Handling units preheat Coils: Fin tube radiation units Unit Heaters Hydronic Radiant Ceiling Panels: Fan coil units Totals:

8 Cooling Loads Total Secondary Cooling Coil: Air Handling Cooling Coils: AC Units Cooling Coils: Fan coil units Totals: INOVA Table 6: Mechanical Design Loads Broken Down The systems mechanical equipment supplying heating and cooling loads are represented in the table above. The values represent design conditions at peak capacity and are not an accurate representation of performance in non-peaking conditions. 4.0 Major Equipment: 4.1 Air Systems Schematics of each air system are located in the appendices section 9.2. Sketch 1: 3-D Sketch of the AHU s Serving Area (Not to Scale) Air Handling Units Section A: Units 1,2,3,4: Serve patient rooms and general hospital Area (Constant Volume System). They are located on the 5 th floor of the building in the upper Penthouse. The contents include min/max OA dampers, re-circulated air with variable frequency drive, pre-filter (30% efficiency), post-filter (60% efficiency), pre-heat, steam humidification, cooling coil, a variable frequency drive supply fan (operated by a static pressure controller down stream), sound attenuators, a post filter (95% efficiency). For clean work spaces and labs further upstream there are constant volume re-heats, humidification, and final filter (99.95% efficiency). Each AHU is 8

9 designed to serve section A (see sketch 1, above and constant volume schematic for units 1,2,3,4 located in the Appendices) and are balanced at: 33,567 CFM, SA and 10,610 CFM, OA. The spaces in section A are served by this constant volume system which is equipped with terminal reheat units used to maintain supply temperature at 55 F to each space. For design conditions three air handlers are used to supply air into a common duct, which then splits into two major shafts that run down the entire length of the building. The fourth unit (AHU-4) is connect to the same system and is for back up purposes only. Each air handling unit is typical with a maximum supply CFM of approximately 40,000 and balanced with 30% outdoor air. The back-up unit provides and extra level of safety in this section of the building insuring appropriate supply air conditions to each space Air Handling Units Section A (Atrium): Units 5,6: Serve the atrium and lobby areas (Variable Volume System). The contents include min/max OA dampers, re-circulated air with variable frequency drive, pre-filter (30% efficiency), post-filter (60% efficiency), pre-heat, steam humidification, cooling coil, a variable frequency drive supply fan (operated by a static pressure controller downstream), and sound attenuators. Each AHU serve the section in front of A (see sketch 1, above and constant volume schematic for units 5,6 located in the Appendices section 9.2) and are balanced at: 35,310 CFM, SA and 10,593 CFM, OA. The space in front of section A called the atrium is served by this variable volume system which is equipped with terminal reheat units used to maintain supply temperature at 55 F to each space. For design conditions the two air handlers are used to supply air into a common duct and supply air to the front entrance atrium. Each air handling unit is typical with a maximum supply CFM of approximately 40,000 and balanced with 30% outdoor air Air Handling Units Section B: Units 7,8,9,10: Serve patient rooms and general hospital Area (Constant Volume System). They are located on the 5 th floor of the building in the upper Penthouse. The contents include min/max OA dampers, re-circulated air with variable frequency drive, pre-filter (30% efficiency), post-filter (60% efficiency), pre-heat, steam humidification, cooling coil, a variable frequency drive supply fan (operated by a static pressure controller down stream), sound attenuators, a post filter (95% efficiency). Each AHU is designed to serve section B (see sketch 1, above and constant volume schematic for units 7,8,9,10 located in the Appendices section 9.2) and are balanced at: 32,295 CFM, SA and 9,689 CFM, OA. The spaces in section B are served by this constant volume system, which is equipped with terminal reheat units used to maintain supply temperature at 55 F to each space. For design conditions three air handlers are used to supply air into a common duct, which then splits into two major shafts that run down the entire length of the building. The fourth unit (AHU-10) is connect to the same system and is used for back up purposes only. Each air handling unit is typical with a maximum supply CFM of approximately 40,000 and balanced with 30% outdoor air. The back-up units provides and extra level of safety in this section of the building insuring appropriate supply air conditions to each space. 9

10 Air Handling Units Section C: Units 11,12,13: Serve Cardio Vascular Operating Room (CVORs) spaces and areas directly above (Constant Volume System with Isolation Dampers). They are located on the 4 th floor of the building in the lower Penthouse. The contents include min/max OA dampers, re-circulated air with variable frequency drive, pre-filter (30% efficiency), post-filter (60% efficiency), preheat, steam humidification, cooling coil, a variable frequency drive supply fan (operated by a static pressure controller down stream), sound attenuators, a post filter (95% efficiency). For the CVOR spaces, a secondary chilled water loop is incorporated along with balancing isolation dampers (operated by pressure controller down stream), re-heat, humidification, and final filter (99.95% efficiency). Each serve in section C (see sketch 1, above and constant volume schematic for units 11,12,13 located in the Appendices section 9.2) and are balanced at: 30,973 CFM, SA and 9,292 CFM, OA. The spaces in section C are served by this constant volume system, which is also equipped with terminal reheat units used to maintain supply temperature to the non operating spaces at 55 F. For design conditions two air handlers are used to supply air into a common duct which only drops down two floors. The third unit (AHU-13) is connect to the same system and is for back up purposes only. Each air handling unit is typical with a maximum supply CFM of approximately 40,000 and balanced with 30% outdoor air. The back-up unit provides and extra level of safety in this section of the building insuring appropriate supply air conditions to each space. 4.2 Steam Systems Schematics of the steam system are located in the appendices section 9.2. Note that information regarding the central plant is unattainable so steam boilers that provide High Pressure Steam will not be discussed Basement Steam This system brings in High Pressure Steam (HPS) from the central plant through the existing mechanical tunnel to the new addition. This system converts HPS into Medium pressure steam (MPS) and Low Pressure Steam (LPS) through a network of Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV). The conversion to LPS is used to serve duct mounted humidifiers around the building and kitchen dish washers. The MPS is used to serve domestic water heaters and steam/heating-water-converters or heat exchangers. The basement houses a condensate pump return which is used to return condensate back to the central plant via the same mechanical tunnel The Fifth Floor Steam System This system like the basement brings in HPS supplied by the central plant from the tap off of the existing 14 pipe located in the mechanical tunnel entering the basement. This system is identical in the manner of converting the HPS to MPS and LPS. The purpose of the steam system on the fifth floor is to provide a future tap for equipment requiring MPS and to supply the AHU s located in the penthouse (fifth floor) with LPS to the humidifiers in the supply air systems. Like the basement system the fifth floor system returns condensate to the same duplex condensate pump return which the returns it back to the central plant via an existing pump condensate return pipe in the mechanical tunnel The Fourth Floor Steam System

11 This system is again similar to the previous two when converting HPS by the central plant to MPS and LPS in the building. This system receives HPS from the same tap as the previous two and converts it for use in steam/heating-water-converters for the CVOR wing, which require MPS. It also converts it to LPS for supplying the AHU s located on that floor with humidification. Like the basement system the fourth floor system has its own duplex condensate pump return and returns pump condensate bask to the existing 14 pump condensate pipe located in the basement, which will then return it back to the central plant. 4.3 Hydronic systems Schematics of the respective hot and cold water systems are located in the appendices. Note that the chillers for the major chilled water loop are also located in the central plant and will not be discussed. However there are two 50 Ton chillers in the building that serve the purpose of sub-cooling air to six operating (CVOR) spaces on floor two of section C Hot water Hot water is provided to the building through a self-contained loop, which uses steam/heating-water-converters or heat exchangers to produce hot water to re-circulate through the building. The heat exchangers are supplied with MPS as stated in the previous section and are located both in the basement as well as on the fourth floor and serve all three sections of the building. The purpose of the hot water loop is to provide reheat water to the constant and variable volume terminal reheat units and unit heaters located throughout the facility. Also this hot water is used to serve preheat water to all the air handlers and radiant panels throughout the building. There are seven hot water pumps, which performed the task of delivering the hot water throughout the building Chilled Water As stated in the beginning of this section chilled water is provided by the remote central plant through the subterranean mechanical tunnels to the new addition. Through analysis of the design documents it is assumed that primary secondary pumping occurs at the plant, as there are no major chilled water pumps in the new building (there are chilled water coil recirculation pumps at the air handlers). The purpose of the chilled water is to provide cooling for coils located within the air handlers and fan coil units. The secondary chilled water loop in section C of the building is supplied by two secondary air-cooled chillers located in section C. The evaporators are located on the fourth floor and two remote air cooled condensers located on the roof of the directly above the fourth floor of section C. A mixture of 20% propylene glycol is used as the refrigerant to the condenser. The chillers have a total capacity of approximately 50 tons each and are in parallel to each other with in line pumping. The cooling coils here are used to supply a dry bulb temp of 42.3 F at an entering water temperature of 38 F to the operating spaces. 5.0 Sequence of Operation: 5.0 Systems Operation The systems in this facility use direct digital control with a combination of electronic and pneumatic actuation that control the variable frequency drive supply fans, dampers, and return air fans. There are 4 total air systems in the INOVA Heart Institute. 11

12 5.1 Air Systems Section A (Constant Volume): AHU Units 1,2,3,4 and Return Fans 1,2,3: The total maximum airflow for the system is 120,000 CFM and the leaving air dry bulb temperature is 50.5 F. Normal Mode: Three interconnected AHU s shall operate, while the fourth remains on standby. Two interconnected return fans shall operate, while the third remains on standby. Smoke Detection: Smoke detectors located in the supply air discharge, when detecting smoke, shall shut down the supply fan and close supply, return, and outside air dampers. Smoke Purge Mode: One of the three operating AHU s shall be deenergized, such that only two interconnected AHU s remain operational. Two interconnected return fans shall operate, while the third remains assigned as the standby fan Start/Stop: When AHU is commanded to run through the central control monitoring system or CCMS using a direct digital controller DDC logic controller, the supply fan will run continuously, it will not run until the limit switch indicates smoke damper is open. The CCMS will not turn on the AHU supply fan until such safeties requirements as the freeze stat (set at 38 F), high discharge pressure safety switch (set at 6 wg), supply duct smoke detector regardless of the variable frequency drive VFD mode requirements are met. The CCMS will control the speed of the VFD (all fans in unison) to maintain the supply duct static pressure setpoint, which is used to meet the minimum pressure required at the static sensing station down stream. On start and stop the VFD will ramp to speed and slow down within adjustable acceleration and deceleration limits. The speed of each supply fan will be limited if necessary to maintain a maximum discharge pressure. The CCMS will control the output of both operating return fans in unison to maintain a return flow setpoint equal to the supply flow design minimum CFM. When supply fan is deenergized the return damper will stay open and outside air dampers will stay closed. When the supply fan is energized the min OA damper opens. The economizer mode will be active while the AHU supply fan is energized and when the OA temperature falls below the return air temp. The economizer mode will be activated before the chilled water cooling in the coils. In general supply and return fans will run continuously. The system static pressure sensing station located down stream through the DDC system will control the variable frequency drive on the supply fan to maintain its setting. When cooling mode is activated the discharge sensor through the DDC system will modulate chilled water valves associated with the respective AHU to maintain a discharge air temp of 65. The preheat coil pump and steam humidifier will be deenergized and the preheat coil valve and humidifier isolation valve will be shut. When the unit is operating in heating mode the discharge temp sensor through the DDC system will modulate the preheat coil valve to maintain a discharge temp of 45 and the humidifier isolation valve will be open and the cooling coil valve will be closed. 5.2 Air Systems Section B: Units 7,8,9,10 and Return Fans 6,7,8: This constant volume system operates in the same manner as the previous. 5.3 Air Systems Section A (Atrium): Units 5,6 and Return Fans 4,5: The total maximum airflow for the system is 80,000 CFM and the leaving air dry bulb temperature is 51.0 F. 12

13 Normal Mode: One AHU and one return fan will be commanded to run at all times. The second AHU will be commanded to run based on load of the space. The AHU and return fan with the most runtime will be selected for lead operation. On a rise in supply fan speed signal (based on a 10 minute running average) to 100% the lag AHU will be turned on. On a fall in total system supply air flow to 30,000cfm the AHU with the most runtime will be turned off. On a rise in return fan speed signal (based again on 10 minute running average) to 100% the lag return fan will be turned on. On a fall in total system return air flow to 26,000 CFM the return fan with the most runtime will be turned off. Smoke Detection: Smoke detectors located in the supply air discharge, when detecting smoke, shall shut down the supply fan and close supply, return, and outside air dampers. Atrium Smoke Evacuation Mode: If two AHU s are running, one of the two operating AHU s will be deenergized, such that only one AHU remains operational. If only one return fan is running, the second return fan will be turned on, such that both will be running. Start/Stop: When AHU is commanded to run through the central control monitoring system or CCMS using a direct digital controller DDC logic controller, the supply fan will run continuously, it will not run until the limit switch indicates smoke damper is open. The CCMS will not turn on the AHU supply fan until such safeties requirements as the freeze stat (set at 38 F), high discharge pressure safety switch (set at 6 wg), supply duct smoke detector regardless of the variable frequency drive VFD mode requirements are met. The CCMS will control the speed of the VFD (all fans in unison) to maintain the supply duct static pressure setpoint, which is used to meet the minimum pressure required at the static sensing station down stream. On start and stop the VFD will ramp to speed and slow down within adjustable acceleration and deceleration limits. The speed of both supply fan will be limited if necessary to maintain a maximum discharge pressure. The CCMS will control the output of the return fan to maintain a return flow setpoint equal to supply flow minus the limits of system exhaust make-up air CFM and the design minimum CFM to maintain an return air CO2 setpoint of 700 ppm. In smoke evacuation mode CCMS will control the output of the return fan to maintain a return flow setpoint of 56,000 CFM. When supply fan is deenergized the return damper shall stay open and outside air dampers will stay closed. When the supply fan is energized the min OA damper opens. The economizer mode shall be active while the AHU supply fan is energized and when the OA temperature falls below the return air temp. The economizer mode will be activated before the chilled water cooling in the coils. In general supply and return fans will run continuously. The system static pressure sensing station located down stream through the DDC system will control the variable frequency drive on the supply fan to maintain its setting. When cooling mode is activated the discharge sensor through the DDC system will modulate chilled water valves associated with the respective AHU to maintain a discharge air temp of 65. The preheat coil pump and steam humidifier will be deenergized and the preheat coil valve and humidifier isolation valve will be shut. When the unit is operating in heating mode the discharge temp sensor through the DDC system will modulate the preheat coil valve to maintain a discharge temp of 45 and the humidifier isolation valve will be open and the cooling coil valve will be closed. 5.4 Air Systems Section C (CVOR): Units 11,12,13 and Return Fans 11,12,13: The total maximum airflow for the system is 80,000 CFM and the leaving air dry bulb temperature is 50.5 F. 13

14 Normal Mode: Three interconnected AHU s shall operate, while the third remains on standby. Two interconnected return fans shall operate, while the third remains on standby. Smoke Detection: Smoke detectors located in the supply air discharge shall, on the detection of the products of combustion, shut down supply fan and close supply, return and outside air dampers Smoke Purge Mode: One of the two operating AHU s shall be deenergized, such that only two interconnected AHU s remain operational. Two Interconnected return fans shall operate, while the third remains assigned as the standby fan Start/Stop: When AHU is commanded to run through the central control monitoring system or CCMS using a direct digital controller DDC logic controller, the supply fan will run continuously, it will not run until the limit switch indicates smoke damper is open. The CCMS will not turn on the AHU supply fan until such safeties requirements as the freeze stat (set at 38 F), high discharge pressure safety switch (set at 6 wg), supply duct smoke detector regardless of the variable frequency drive VFD mode requirements are met. The CCMS will control the speed of the VFD (all fans in unison) to maintain the supply duct static pressure setpoint, which is used to meet the minimum pressure required at the static sensing station down stream. On start and stop the VFD will ramp to speed and slow down within adjustable acceleration and deceleration limits. The speed of each supply fan will be limited if necessary to maintain a maximum discharge pressure. The CCMS will control the output of both operating return fans in unison to maintain a return flow setpoint equal to the supply flow design minimum CFM. When supply fan is deenergized the return damper will stay open and outside air dampers will stay closed. When the supply fan is energized the min OA damper opens. The economizer mode will be active while the AHU supply fan is energized and when the OA temperature falls below the return air temp. The economizer mode will be activated before the chilled water cooling in the coils. In general supply and return fans will run continuously. The system static pressure sensing station located down stream through the DDC system will control the variable frequency drive on the supply fan to maintain its setting. When cooling mode is activated the discharge sensor through the DDC system will modulate chilled water valves associated with the respective AHU to maintain a discharge air temp of 65. The preheat coil pump and steam humidifier will be deenergized and the preheat coil valve and humidifier isolation valve will be shut. When the unit is operating in heating mode the discharge temp sensor through the DDC system will modulate the preheat coil valve to maintain a discharge temp of 45 and the humidifier isolation valve will be open and the cooling coil valve will be closed. Once entering the secondary cooling loop before entering the operating spaces the air will pass through a manual balancing isolation damper which is controlled by CCMS through a down stream air monitoring device. Seconaday cooling will be modulated by a 3 way valve and will be reheated if needed (reheat coils are the next component down stream). When cooling mode is activated the preheat coil pump and steam humidifier will be deenergized and the preheat coil valve and humidifier isolation valve will be shut. When the unit is operating in heating mode the humidifier isolation valve will be open and the cooling coil valve will be closed. 6.0 Systems Costs: The building is a new facility, hence has no operating history. The following mechanical system costs, supply actual values for the all three wings of the hospital combined and they are 14

15 further broken down into three main costs Mechanical/ Plumbing/Med.Gas (combined), Sprinklers and Electrical. The system cost represented show that the Mechanical overall cost is the most expensive per square foot of the building. This makes sense due to all the specialty equipment needed to maintain safety with in the critical care environment. System's Cost Type Cost ($) Cost/sq.ft. ($) Sprinkler 836, *Mechanical 17,200, Electrical 9,200, Total: 27,236, *(Includes all Mech., Plumbing, and Med. Gas ) INOVA Table 7: System s Cost The excluding ducting and piping the majority of the mechanical equipment is mainly located in the basement and penthouse floors. The Chiller and Steam Boilers are not located within the building but are on the property and are located in an existing central plant The mechanical systems for the INOVA Heart Institute can be characterized as non-typical and specialized and have higher amount of safety associated with them. The Overall cost for the building was $80 million per square foot the mechanical systems make up approximately 21% of the overall cost of the entire building. 7.0 Critique: I believe the system is very well organized and serves its purpose for maintaining sufficient and safe conditions in a hospital environment. Indoor air quality issues, which are of most importance in this type of facility, are satisfied with high filtration and pressurization in each system. The use of a common duct system for each air systems allows for constant supply air to all spaces this insures that every space will get served. This is critical for maintaining safe and healthy conditions within a hospital. This common duct system also allows for extra AHU s to be added and used as back-ups in the event of failure of one of the on-line AHU s. Back up AHU s were used in all 3 constant volume systems which serves the majority of the hospital. The variable volume system is meant for the front entrance and is dependent and varies with load. Occupancy would be the major source of load in this system. I do think that conditioning air to such extremes is somewhat redundant and wasteful. An example of this is when looking at total heating load, depending on OA conditions air is brought into the system preheated humidified and then cooled to a LAT of about 51 F dry bulb then it is sent down the shaft and before entering each space is terminally reheated to a room supply temperature of 55 F dry bulb. I believe this is done to always maintain a constant entering room air temp. The hospital runs reheat water to over 600 terminal (constant and variable volume) units. This does not include the various unit heaters and radiant panels. This method uses a lot of energy as was shown in the heating load estimate and might want to be reconsidered. The benefit of using a centralized plant that provides steam and chilled water to multiple facilities reduces operating cost significantly for the INOVA Health System (owners of the new INOVA Heart Institute). 15

16 8.0 References: 9.0 Appendix: 1. ASHRAE Standard , Energy Standards for Buildings. 2. Penn State Architectural Engineering Department, Thesis Advisors Mechanical Option. 3. Turner Construction, Construction Drawings, Shop Drawings and Specifications. 4. Virginia Power, Schedule GS-3U /customer/pdf/va/vags3u.pdf 5. Washington Gas Light Company, Commercial and Industrial Service Schedule No. 2 16

17 9.1 Appendix: Equipment Schedules Appendix

18 Equipment Schedules Fan Schedule Filter Schedule Design Service Cfm Sp in Approx BHP HP motor Wheel Nom Approx Ban No. Cartridge Face Media Area Maximum Efficiency H20 RPM Size Dia in Desig Type CFM Dimesion Cartridges Size Vel. Per Initial RF-1 RA AHU-1 32, LxHxD LxHxD FPM Cartridge PD In Wg % RF-2 RA AHU-2 32, F-1-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % RF-3 RA AHU-3 32, F-1-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % RF-4 RA AHU-4 32, F-1-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % *RF-5 RA AHU-5 28, F-1-4 D 3,000 48"x24"x "24"12" % *RF-6 RA AHU-5 28, F-1-5 D 3,000 48"x24"x "24"12" % RF-7 RA AHU-7 32, F-2-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % RF-8 RA AHU-8 32, F-2-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % RF-9 RA AHU-9 32, F-2-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % RF-10 RA AHU-10 32, F-3-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % EF-1 TB EXH 9, F-3--2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % EF-2 TB EXH 9, F-3-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % EF-3 TB EXH 8, F-4-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % EF-4 TB EXH 8, F-4-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % EF-5 TOILET EXH 5, F-4-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % EF-6 TOILET EXH 5, F-5-1 A 32, "x120"x 20 24"24"2" % EF-7 TOILET EXH 10, F-5-2 B 32, "x120"x 20 24"24"12" % EF-8 TOILET EXH 4, F-5-3 C 32, "x120"x 20 24"24"12" % EF-9 TOILET EXH 7, F-6-1 A 32, "x120"x 20 24"24"2" % EF-10 GEN EXH 1, F-6-2 B 32, "x120"x 20 24"24"12" % EF-11 GEN EXH 1, F-6-3 C 32, "x120"x 20 24"24"12" % ***EF-12 KITCHEN EXH 1, F-7-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % EF-13 DISH EXH F-7-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % VF-1 BASEMENT MECH 12, F-7-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % VF-2 ELEC ROOM 7, F-8-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % VF-3 PENTHOUSE 25, F-8-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % GF-1 GARAGE 30, F-8-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % SPF-1 STAIR PRESS'ZN SO 13, F-9-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % SPF-2 STAIR PRESS'ZN NO 11, F-9-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % VF-4 F-9-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % VF-5 TUNNEL VENT 6, F-10-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % VF-6 FAN RM VENT /25 10 F-10-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % RF-11 RA AHU-11,12,13 32, F-10-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % RF-12 RA AHU-11,12,13 32, F-11-1 A 7,000 72"x48"x "24"2" % RF-13 RA AHU-11,12,13 32, F-11-2 B 7,300 72"x48"x "24"2" % EF-14 GENERAL EXH 4, F-11-3 C "x12"x "24"2" % VF-7 CVOR MECH RM 20, F-12-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % F-12-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % F-12-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % F-13-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % F-13-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % F-13-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % F-14-1 A 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"2" % F-14-2 B 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % F-14-3 C 40, "x120"x 25 24"24"12" % F-OR-1 D 3,440 48"x24"x "24"12" % F-OR-2 D 3,440 48"x24"x "24"12" % F-OR-3 D 3,440 48"x24"x "24"12" % F-OR-4 D 3,420 48"x24"x "24"12" % F-OR-5 D 3,420 48"x24"x "24"12" % F-OR-6 D 3,420 48"x24"x "24"12" % page 1

19 Equipment Schedules Steam Humidifier Desig Service CFM Face Vel Steam Capacity Duct Casing Number of FPM Pressure LBS/HRs Size Size Manifolds Steam WxH SH-1 AHU-1 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-2 AHU-2 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-3 AHU-3 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-4 AHU-4 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-5 AHU-5 32, PSI "x96" 6 SH-6 AHU-6 32, PSI "x96" 6 SH-7 AHU-7 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-8 AHU-8 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-9 AHU-9 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-10 AHU-10 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-11 EP LAB Ass 3, PSI "x24" - 2 SH-12 AHU-11 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-13 AHU-12 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-14 AHU-13 40, PSI "x120" 6 SH-15 CVOR-1 3, PSI 58 54"x30" 120"x120" 6 SH-16 CVOR-2 3, PSI 58 54"x30" - 2 SH-17 CVOR-3 3, PSI 58 54"x30" - 2 SH-18 CVOR-4 3, PSI 57 54"x30" - 2 SH-19 CVOR-5 3, PSI 57 54"x30" - 2 SH-20 CVOR-6 3, PSI 57 54"x30" - 2 Air Handling Unit Schedule Fan Section Cooling Section Heating Section Desig Duty cfm min OA TSP in. Motor RPM Wheel EAT (F) LAT ( Total Sens GPM: Max MIN TOT MAX Min EAT LAT Max MIN TOT MAX cfm H20 BHP HP Dia. in. DB WB DB WB MBH MBH 42 F E H20 PD Face Face Vel Rows F F 190 F 30 F H20 PD Face Face Vel 57 F LWT FT H2O (SQFT) (FPM) EWT Delta T FT H2O (SQFT) (FPM) AHU-1 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-2 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-3 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-4 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-5 Atrium 32,000 8, AHU-6 Atrium 32,000 8, AHU-7 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-8 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-9 Patient FL 40,000 12, AHU-10 Patient FL 40,000 12, MAHU-1 Kitchen AHU-11 CVOR 40,000 12, AHU-12 CVOR 40,000 12, AHU-13 CVOR 40,000 12, Air Conditioning Unit Schedule Design ACUService Fan Data DX cooling coil data Humidifer Electrical Air Cooled Condenser Unit Data CFm Esp in. Motor EAT F Total Sense Min Tot Max famin LBS/HR KW V/PH/HFLA Design OutDoor Fan Outdoor Coil H20 Hp DB WB MBH MBH Face AreVel FPRows CFM Motor OutdooTotal Face (ft^2) size Temp FArea ACU-1 OOPA /3p 8.4 ACCU ACU-2 OOPA /3p 8.4 ACCU ACU-3 OOPA /3p 7.2 ACCU ACU-4 OOPA /3p 8.4 ACCU ACU-5 OOPA /3p 4.8 ACCU ACU-6 OOPA /3p 8.4 ACCU EL-ACU-1 O5PC / /1p 1.6 CU EL-ACU-2 O5PC @ 1/ /1p 2.6 CU EL-ACU-3 O5PC @ 1/ /1p 2.6 CU page 2

20 Equipment Schedules Secondary Heating Water Coil Schedule Desig Duty CFM Heating Max Air Min EAT F LAT F Sensible Max H20 Max Face PD in H20 Rows Expansion Tank Schedule DB DB MBH 190 F EWTFT-H2O Vel FPM Fin/ in Desig Duty Tank type Dimesion Dry Remarks HWC-1 CVOR Volume Dia Height Weight HWC-2 CVOR Gal HWC-3 CVOR ET-1 Re-Heat H Diaphragm 48"ph Vertical HWC-4 CVOR ET-2 Pre-Heat H2 528 Diaphragm 48"ph Vertical HWC-5 CVOR ET-3 Pre/Re-Hea 119 Diaphragm 24"ph Vertical HWC-6 CVOR ET-4 ndary chilled 37 Diaphragm 20"ph Vertical Duplex Condensate Return Unit Schedule Desig Service Capacity GPM Head ft Reciever Pump Motor Sqft EDR Water Size Discharge SHP CRU-1 Base Mech GAL 4"ph 7 1/2 CRU-2 Kitchen Dis GAL 1 1/4"ph 1/2 CRU-3 CVOR Mec GAL 1 1/4"ph 3/4 Unit Heater Desig Nominal Cap F Maximum Motor HP Rpm Electrical CFM 190 F EWT Delta T H20 H20 PD FT H20 UH / /3ph/60 Constant Volume RA Terminal Unit Schedule UH / /3ph/60 Desig CFM Outlet Inlet Stat PressMax Noise Service UH / /3ph/60 Size in. Size in. Drop in W1.5 in H20 UH / /1ph/60 inlet SP "x18" 24"x16" CVOR 1 Fin Tube Radiation Schedule "x18" 24"x16" CVOR 2 Desig heating element Average Nominal "x18" 24"x16" CVOR 3 Tube Dia Fin Size Fin Spacing Element water Capcity "x18" 24"x16" CVOR 4 fin/ft Length temp F BTU/HR "x18" 24"x16" CVOR 5 1 1" 2 3/4 "x3" 48 6'-0" "x18" 24"x16" CVOR 6 2 1" 2 3/4 "x3" 48 8'-0" " 2 3/4 "x3" 48 3'-0" Hydronic Radiant Ceiling Panel Schedule Desig CAP Mean H20 GPM Delta P Dimesion Type MBH Temp F (ft) LxW in. RP x16 Linear RP x24 Modular Roof Ventilator Schedule Design Duty CFM Max Air Pd Throat Throat AreApprox in H20 Vel FPM Sqft Weight RV-1 RF-11, RF RV-2 Exst AHU page 3

21 Equipment Schedules Sound Attenuator Schedule Design Duty No Size Capcity Max PD Face Vel Minimum DB Reduction by Octave Band Pump Schedule Atten LxHxW in CFM In. H20 FPM Desig Duty Type GPM Head Suction x HP RPM Efficiency SA-1-1 AHU x48x Feet H2O Discharge SA-1-2 RF-1,2,3 4 36x48x HWP-1 Re-Heat H20 A x % SA-1-3 RF-1,2,3 4 36x48x HWP-2 Re-Heat H20 A x % SA-2-1 AHU x48x HWP-3 PRe-Heat H20 A x % SA-3-1 AHU x48x HWP-4 PRe-Heat H20 A x % SA-4-1 AHU x48x HWP-5 PRe-Heat H20 A x % SA-5-1 AHU x48x FP-1 Fire Pump B x % SA-5-2 RF-4,5 4 36x48x CRP-1 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-6-1 AHU x48x CRP-2 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-7-1 AHU x48x CRP-3 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-7-2 RF-6,7,8 4 36x48x CRP-4 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-7-3 RF-6,7,8 4 36x48x CRP-5 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-7-4 RF-6,7,8 4 36x48x CRP-6 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-8-1 AHU x48x CRP-7 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-9-1 AHU x48x CRP-8 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-10-1 AHU x48x CRP-9 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-11-1 AHU x48x CRP-10 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-12-1 AHU x48x CRP-11 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-13-1 AHU x48x CRP-12 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-14-1 CVOR RF 2 120x48x CRP-13 Recirc Pump AH C x % SA-14-2 CVOR RF 2 60x42x HRP-1 Water Recircula C x % HRP-2 Water Recircula C x % HRP-3 Water Recircula C x % HRP-4 Water Recircula C x % BP-1 mestic Water Boo x % BP-2 mestic Water Boo x % Steam/Heating Water Converter Schedule BP-3 mestic Water Boo x % Desig Approx Capacity HWP-6 CVOR Re- Heat A x % GPM EWT FLWT F Tube Vel Max Press No Heati Fouling Steam Sat SteaCond Size BTUH HWP-7 CVOR Re- Heat A x % Drop in H2 Pass Surfa Factor Pressu Temp Load SCHP-1 econd Chilled H2 A x % HE PSI 298 F 6650 L16"x48" SCHP-2 econd Chilled H2 A x % HE PSI 298 F 6650 L16"x48" HE PSI 298 F 6680 L18"x36" HE PSI 298 F 6680 L18"x36" HE PSI 298 F 6680 L18"x36" HE S PSI 298 F 2244 L12"x36" HE S PSI 298 F 2244 L12"x36" HE S PSI 298 F 2244 L12"x36" Fan Coil Unit Schedule Design Service Fan Data Cooling Coil Data Heating Coil Data CFM Motor Esp in EAT LAT Total Sens H20No EAT MBH Max H20 Min HP H20 DB WB MBH MBH 42 F EWPD FT Rows F 190 F EWTPD FT Rows F F 57 F LWH F LWTH20 FCU-1 Stairwell FCU-2 Stairwell FCU-3 Stairwell FCU-4 Stairwell FCU-5 Stairwell FCU-6 Stairwell FCU-7 Stairwell FCU-8 Stairwell FCU-9 Stairwell FCU-10 Stairwell page 4