Fundamental and Applied Agriculture Vol. 4(1), pp : 2019 doi: /faa.13554

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1 Fundmentl nd Applied Agriulture Vol. 4(1), pp : 219 doi: /f Crop Siene ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hydrogen peroxide priming llevites hilling stress in rie (Oryz stiv L.) by enhning oxidnt svenging pity Sony Afrin 1, Md Thjib-Ul-Arif 2*, Md Arif Skil 2, Abdullh Al Mmun Sohg 2, Mohmmed Arif Sdik Polsh 3, M Afzl Hossin 2 1 Deprtment of Soil Siene, Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh 222, Bngldesh 2 Deprtment of Biohemistry nd Moleulr Biology, Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh 222, Bngldesh 3 Deprtment of Crop Botny, Bngldesh Agriulturl University, Mymensingh 222, Bngldesh ARTICLE INFORMATION Artile History Submitted: 2 Ot 218 Revised: 19 Nov 218 Aepted: 29 Nov 218 First online: 7 De 218 Ademi Editor M Abdul Hnnn *Corresponding Author Md Thjib-Ul-Arif thjib@bu.edu.bd ABSTRACT Chilling is substntil stressor for plnts. In ft, some biohemil retions involved in growth nd development of plnt re sensitive to temperture. In prtiulr, hilling stress represents severe issue for plnt growth nd produtivity nd strtegies to llevite the stress is n importnt gol for griulturists. While, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) ts s signlling moleule nd its role in preventing severl bioti stresses like het, slinity, drought et. is well understood. Thus, the present study tested the effets of H 2 O 2 priming in mitigtion of hilling stress t germintion nd seedling stge of rie. The rie seeds were treted with H 2 O 2 (5, 1 nd 15 mm H 2 O 2 ) solution for 24 h nd exposed to hilling stress either for 6 h d 1 or 12 h d 1 for 7 dys. Results reveled tht hilling stress seriously impeded germintion indies (germintion perentge, germintion rte index, oeffiient of veloity of germintion nd men germintion time), morphologil prmeters (shoot length, root length nd fresh weight), totl hlorophyll ontent nd ntioxidnt enzymes (tlse nd sorbte peroxidse) tivity. On the other hnd, priming with H 2 O 2 (5 mm, 1 mm nd 15 mm) displyed protetive effets on germintion indies nd growth prmeters nd onferred signifint tolerne ginst hilling stress. Priming with H 2 O 2 lso signifintly proteted hlorophyll from hilling-indued degrdtion. Our results provide strong foundtion tht priming with H 2 O 2 onfers positive physiologil effet by enhning ntioxidnt enzymes pbility (inresed tlse nd sorbte peroxidse tivity) of hilling stressed rie plnt. Among the onentrtions, 1 mm H 2 O 2 performed reltively better in hilling stress llevition. Therefore, this tehnique n be used for improved rie seedling prodution in northern prt of Bngldesh under low temperture ondition. Keywords: Antioxidnt enzymes, hilling stress, old injury, germintion indies, rie seedling, Bngldesh Cite this rtile: Afrin S, Thjib-Ul-Arif M, Sohg AAM, Polsh MAS, Hossin MA Hydrogen peroxide priming llevites hilling stress in rie (Oryz stiv L.) by enhning oxidnt svenging pity. Fundmentl nd Applied Agriulture 4(1): doi: /f.13554

2 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , Introdution Almost hlf of the humnkind of the erth onsumes rie (Oryz stiv L.) s stple food (Firhurst nd Dobermnn, 22). Mostly, Asin people solely ets greter thn 9% of this rie (Mohnty et l., 213). Bngldesh is the fourth-lrgest rie grower in the world where bout 34.7 million metri tons of rie is produed nnully nd round 75% of the rble lnd is utilized for its prodution (BBS, 217; Ahmed et l., 217). Feeding the ever-inresing popultion using the indequte resoures is one of the mjor hllenges tht present griulturlists nd plnt sientists of Bngldesh re fing. Reently the ountry hs ttined food self-suffiieny but to sustin the sttus is the foremost tsk beuse due to the limti hnge rie ultivtion is being hmpered by different bioti stresses suh s drought, slinity, flooding nd extreme or low temperture (Osmni et l., 216; Amin et l., 215). Among these bioti stresses, old stress is minor stress in Bngldesh, but reently beuse of severe old wve during winter seson it beomes problemti for some rops inluding rie (Rshid nd Ysmeen, 218). Due to globl limti hnge the intensity of old stress inresing dy by dy. Importntly, this yer lowest ever temperture in history t 2.6 C ws reorded in northern distrits (Bngldesh Meteorologil Deprtment 218). Before trnsplnting the Boro rie seedlings in min field, rie seeds re sown in seed bed in the month of Deember. Beuse of the extreme low temperture the growth of rie seedlings is being hmpered during Deember- Jnury in northern region of Bngldesh (BRRI, 217; Rshid nd Ysmeen, 218). As well s the qulity of rie seedling hmpered whih ultimtely uses lower rop yield. Sometimes, frmers do not get dequte seedlings for trnsplnting beuse of the seedling deth due to old injury (BRRI, 216; Rshid nd Ysmeen, 218). Thus, rie prodution being hmpered minly in northern prt of Bngldesh due to old stress. Prtiulrly, the low temperture leds to poor germintion, disolortion nd swllowed seedling, eventully mkes unhelthy seedlings during the seedling stge (Ye et l., 28; Luktkin et l., 212). In this stge, the old injury usully ppers on the leves s symptom of wilting, disolortion nd inhibition of growth t the 3rd to 4th lef stge (Hyun et l., 216). At the erly growth stge in rie, the low temperture stress ffets the newly emerging leves to be lk of hlorophyll (Tewri nd Tripthy, 1998). Ultimtely, low temperture potentilly redues the rte of growth nd the estblishment of plnts nd dereses the photosyntheti re, upon whih ontinued growth is dependent (Ydv, 21; Hussin et l., 218). Plnts re subjeted to oxidtive stress when exposed to bioti stresses inluding hilling (Hussin et l., 216, 218). Chilling stress imposed exess retive oxygen speies (ROS) prodution nd umultion in plnt s tissue whih ultimtely leds to oxidtive dmge t ellulr nd sub-ellulr level, impired the membrnes of ell, ioni blne disruptions, nd detivtion of enzymes nd proteins (Hussin et l., 218; Trhoune et l., 21). Moreover, the over-umulted ROS interrupts different ellulr mromoleules inluding DNA, lipids et. whih re linked with vrious physiologil nd biohemil disorders in plnts (Ds nd Royhoudhury, 214). Plnts usully hve very ompetent nd dvned ntioxidnt defene mehnism to regulte the over-umultion of ROS (Arif et l., 216) whih omprised of different enzymti (e.g., tlse, CAT; sorbte peroxidse, APX) nd non-enzymti (e.g., sorbi id, rotenoids nd glutthione) ntioxidnts (Gill nd Tutej, 21; Chen et l., 215). The effiient ROS svenging pity hs been llied with tolerne of plnts to different environmentl stresses inluding hilling (Gill nd Tutej, 21). In order to elerte the effiieny of oxidnt svenging systems under stressful ondition sientists re finding different pprohes nd seed priming n be n effetive one. Priming is possibly vitl mens to provoked tolerne in plnts ginst environmentl stresses (Hossin et l., 215). Among different priming gents, the priming with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) my metbolilly prepre plnt to fight ginst the hilling stress beuse H 2 O 2 is signl moleule tht overexpress stress relted genes (Hossin et l., 215). It hs been previously shown tht pre-tretment of Zoysi mtrell plnts with low onentrtions of H 2 O 2 indued hilling tolerne (Wng et l., 21). H 2 O 2 tretments improved osmoti stress resistne of two uumber vrieties by tivting ntioxidnt system (Liu et l., 29). Terzi et l. (214) lso observed tht exogenous pplitions of H 2 O 2 t low onentrtion llevited membrne dmges nd signifintly deresed lipid peroxidtion of mize plnts under osmoti-stressed onditions. Low doses of H 2 O 2 n inrese mss nd length of roots (Korystov nd Nrimnov, 1997). Exogenous H 2 O 2 lso medites the growth of primry root, lterl roots, nd root hirs (Jing et l., 212) nd signifintly promote the formtion nd growth of dventitious roots of uumber (Li et l., 27). H 2 O 2 s stress signlling moleule ould trigger the tivtion of ntioxidnt pity in plnts to llevite the oxidtive dmge nd leding to improve physiologil ttributes of the plnt under stress (He nd Go, 29; Goud nd Khole, 211). From the bove disussion it is ler tht, H 2 O 2 priming n modultes ntioxidnt tivities under hilling stress. So this tehnique ould be used to mitigte the hilling effet in rie seedlings in the northern region of Bngldesh. Therefore, the present experiments were on-

3 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , duted to investigte the bility of exogenous H 2 O 2 priming to promote growth nd stimulte stress ssoited defensive mehnisms of rie under hilling stress. 2 Mterils nd Methods 2.1 Experimentl setup Rie (v. BRRI dhn29, high yielding rie ultivr) seeds were surfe sterilized with 2.5% sodium hypohlorite for 8 minutes nd subsequently wshed severl times with sterilized distilled wter. In the next step, the disinfeted seeds were soked in H 2 O 2 (5, 1 nd 15 mm H 2 O 2 ) solution for 24 h. After tht, bout one hundred H 2 O 2 -treted or untreted seeds were pled on bloting pper per petri dish nd 1 ml of distilled wter ws used dily to ensure wter supply. These petri dishes were pled in growth hmber t 7% reltive humidity in 12 h : 12 h drk - light ondition for germintion. Two temperture onditions (viz. 6 h 4 C/ 24 h nd 12 h 4 C/ 24 h) were mintined to impose the hilling stress. The ontrol seeds were grown t 25±2 C temperture onditions. Therefore, the tretment ombintions were: No hilling stress (CS) (T1, ontrol), 6 h d 1 CS (T2), 12 h d 1 CS (T3), 6 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T4), 6 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T5), 6 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T6), 12 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T7), 12 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T8), 12 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T9). 2.2 Mesurement of germintion indies Seeds were onsidered s germinted when the rdil rehed 2 mm in length. From 2nd dy fter inubtion (DAI), numbers of germinted seeds were reorded up to 4th DAI nd by using these germintion ounts, severl germintion indies were lulted, inluding germintion perentge (GP), germintion rte index (GRI) nd men germintion time (MGT) (Kder, 25), s well s oeffiient of veloity of germintion (CVG) Kder nd Jutzi (24). CVG (% d 1 ) = GP (%) = S g S T (1) GRI (% d 1 ) = N i I N i N i T i 1 (2) (3) MGT (d) = N it i N i (4) Where, GP is germintion (%), S g nd S T re number of seeds germinted nd set for germintion, respetively. N i is the number of seeds germinted on dy i nd T i is the number of dys from sowing. The CVG gives n indition of the rpidity of germintion: it is inresed by inresing the number of germinted seeds nd reduing the time required for germintion. GRI is refleted the perentge of germintion on eh dy of the germintion period, where higher GRI vlues re indited higher nd fster germintion, whih in turn is indited lower MGT. 2.3 Growth performne mesurement At 7th DAI, different growth prmeters were evluted. The growth prmeters were ssessed by mesuring shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh weight (FW). Shoot length ws mesured from shoot bse to the lef tip nd root length ws mesured from root bse to the root tip. Twenty seedlings from eh tretment were weighted for the determintion of FW. Finlly, the FW ws expressed s mg plnt Determintion of hlorophyll ontent Totl hlorophyll ontent (TCC) extrtion ws done by tking.5 g of fresh shoot with 1 ml of 8% etone for 7 dys in drk ondition. The bsorbne of etone superntnt ws reorded t 645 nd 663 nm wve lengths in UV-VIS spetrophotometer (Shimdzu, UV-121, Tokyo, Jpn) to determine the TCC ording to the method developed by Lihtenthler (1987) nd the results were expressed s mg g 1 FW. 2.5 Antioxidnt enzymes tivity ssy The shoots of 7-dy-old germinted rie seeds were used for ntioxidnt enzymes viz. tlse (CAT, EC: ) nd sorbte peroxidse (APX, EC: ) tivity determintion. The CAT tivity ws determined by following the method of Aebi (1974). The tivity of CAT ws lulted from the derese in bsorbne t 24 nm per minute when the extintion oeffiient of H 2 O 2 ws 39.4 M 1 m 1 nd the result ws expressed s mmol min 1 g 1 FW. APX tivity ws determined by following the method of Nkno nd Asd (1981). The tivity of APX were lulted from the hnge in bsorbne t 29 nm per minute when the extintion oeffiient ws 2.8 mm 1 m 1. All the bsorbne ws tken in UV- VIS spetrophotometer (Shimdzu, UV-121, Tokyo, Jpn). The tivity of APX ws expressed s µmol min 1 g 1 FW. 2.6 Sttistil nlysis One-wy nlysis of vrine ws performed by feeding the dt to Minitb 17. sttistil softwre. Different letters denote the sttistilly signifint differenes between tretments t P<.5, ording to

4 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , Fisher s lest signifint differene test. Dt provided s mens ± stndrd errors of three replitions for eh tretment. 3 Results 3.1 Effet on seed germintion Severl seed germintion prmeters, inluding germintion perentge (GP), germintion rte index (GRI), oeffiient of veloity of germintion (CVG) nd men germintion time (MGT) were determined to estimte the detrimentl effets of hilling (6 h, short period nd 12 h, long period) on germintion nd the potentil meliortive effets of H 2 O 2 on hilling stressed rie seedlings (Fig. 1). Under hilling stress onditions, rie seeds showed lower GP fter 76 h ompred to ontrol. Compred to ontrol, GRI nd CVG were dropped by 2.4 nd 22.48%, respetively in response to 6 h nd nd 27.64% in response to 12 h hilling stress, while MGT ws inresed by 29.11% in 6 h stress nd 38.3% in 12 h hilling stress. However, these prmeters mostly ffeted in 12 h hilling stress. On the other hnd, exogenous pplition of H 2 O 2 inresed GP, GRI, nd CVG nd deresed MGT of hilling stress (both 6 h nd 12 h) in rie seedling. Among the onentrtion of H 2 O 2, the 1 mm H 2 O 2 showed highest effiieny in hilling stress mitigtion nd inresed GP, GRI, nd CVG by , 72.3 nd 48.45% while deresed MGT by 48.45% in response to 6 h hilling stress reltive to hilling stress only seedlings. 3.2 Effet on seedlings growth To figure out the effet of H 2 O 2 on hilling stress llevition, we lso exmined severl growth prmeters suh s SL, RL nd FW of rie seedling (Fig. 2). The SL, RL nd FW were signifintly redued by 48.57, nd 41.51% in response to 6 h hilling stress nd 62.74, 7.99 nd 6.74% in response to 12 h hilling stress ompred to tht of stress free ontrol plnts. On the other hnd, ll the onentrtion of H 2 O 2 displyed protetive behviour ginst short term nd long term hilling stress. Among different onentrtion of H 2 O 2, 1 mm H 2 O 2 showed highest tolerne ginst hilling stress nd inresed SL, RL nd FW by 5.22, 43.9 nd 5.34% in 6 h hilling stress nd 94.78, nd 96.32% in 12 h hilling stress ompred to tht of hilling stressed only plnts. 3.3 Effet on lef pigments Chilling stressed rie seedling leves exhibited mrked derese in totl hlorophyll ontent (TCC) by nd 68.13% in response to 6 h nd 12 h hilling stress ompred to stress free ontrol plnts (Fig. 3). On the other hnd ll three different onentrtion of H 2 O 2 priming displyed protetive funtion on TCC. Where, 1 mm H 2 O 2 showed highest protetion in TCC nd inresed TCC by nd 62.6% in 6 h nd 12 h hilling stress ompred to hilling stress only plnts. 3.4 Effet on ROS svenging pity To evlute positive impt of H 2 O 2 priming on hilling stress we exmined CAT nd APX tivity of the tretment of rie seedling (Fig. 3b,). Chilling stress displyed signifint inrese in CAT tivity by nd 41.44% in response to 6 h nd 12 h hilling nd APX tivity by nd 45.49% in response to 6 h nd 12 h hilling stress ompred to stress free ontrol plnts. On the other hnd ll three different onentrtion of H 2 O 2 displyed protetive funtion on CAT nd APX tivity. Among these onentrtions 1 mm H 2 O 2 displyed highest inrese in both short nd long durtion hilling ondition. In ddition, 1 mm H 2 O 2 inresed CAT tivity by nd % nd APX tivity by nd % in hilling stressed plnts ompred to hilling stress only plnts. 4 Disussion Germintion of seed is onsidered s the most signifint step for determining the suess or deble of rop estblishment. Field rops re extremely sensitive to hilling prtiulrly during germintion nd erly phses of seedling development. Eh seed requires optimum temperture for germintion whih onfer seeds to generte helthy seedling. But due to extreme temperture, the norml germintion indies nd growth n be ffeted (Hussin et l., 218). In the present study, hilling stress used onsiderble redution of GP, GRI, nd CVG, while the time required to quire fster germintion (MGT) ws inresed in rie seeds, espeilly under prolong hilling ondition (Fig. 1). Previously, severl studies hve doumented the delyed nd non-uniform germintion of rie under hilling stress (d Cruz nd Milh, 24; Ye et l., 29), whet (Aflki et l., 217) nd Vii fb L. (Any et l., 218) under slt stress. Chilling stress is known to thermodynmilly limit the kinetis of vrious physiologil s well s metboli funtions in plnts (Ruellnd et l., 29) whih finlly evokes detrimentl effet on germintion indies of rie seeds. On the other hnd, H 2 O 2 priming exerted benefiil effet on these prmeters nd ompensted hilling indued negtive effets (Fig. 1). Protetive role of H 2 O 2 on germintion indies ws lso reported in rie nd mize under hilling stress (Nim, 215; Li et l., 217) nd uumber seed under NHCO 3 stress (Sun et l., 21). Among H 2 O 2

5 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , Germintion (%) () 24 h 76 h 148 h GRI (% d 1 ) (b) b d d CVG (% d 1 ) () b d d b b MGT (dy) (d) d b e e d d Figure 1. Effets of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) priming on () germintion (%), GP (b) germintion rte index, GRI () oeffiient of veloity of germintion, CVG nd (d) men germintion time, MGT of rie seeds under hilling stress. Dt represented in figure is the men of three replites for eh tretment (n = 3). Letter on top of br denotes the sttistilly signifint differene t P<.5 (Fisher s lest signifint differene test). No hilling stress (CS) (T1), 6 h d 1 CS (T2), 12 h d 1 CS (T3), 6 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T4), 6 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T5), 6 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T6), 12 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T7), 12 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T8), 12 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T9).

6 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , d () Shoot length (m) b b e b () Totl Chloro. ontent (mg g 1 FW) b b b d d d e (b) Root length (m) (b) CAT tivity (mmol min 1 g 1 FW) e f b b d d b de 2 1 f ef de b d bd b () Fresh weight (g plnt 1 ) () APX tivity (µmol min 1 g 1 FW) b b d d b e de f b f de ef d g Figure 2. Effets of H 2 O 2 priming on () shoot length, SL (b) root length, RL nd () fresh weight, FW of rie seedlings grown under hilling stress. No hilling stress (CS) (T1), 6 h d 1 CS (T2), 12 h d 1 CS (T3), 6 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T4), 6 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T5), 6 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T6), 12 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T7), 12 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T8), 12 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T9). Figure 3. Effets of H 2 O 2 priming on () totl hlorophyll ontent, TCC (b) tlse tivity, CAT nd () sorbte peroxidse tivity, APX of rie seedlings grown under hilling stress ondition. No hilling stress (CS) (T1), 6 h d 1 CS (T2), 12 h d 1 CS (T3), 6 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T4), 6 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T5), 6 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T6), 12 h d 1 CS + 5 mm H 2 O 2 (T7), 12 h d 1 CS + 1 mm H 2 O 2 (T8), 12 h d 1 CS + 15 mm H 2 O 2 (T9).

7 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , onentrtions, 1 mm nd 15 mm showed the highest protetion ginst short term hilling stress nd onferred the best performne on germintion indies while showed reltively lower protetion under long term hilling stress (Fig. 1). Thus H 2 O 2 priming tretment is useful for rie seeds germintion elertion nd seedling qulity improvement under hilling stress. Like germintion index, hilling stress lso hmper plnt growth nd biomss of plnts in seedling stge. In our urrent experiment root length, shoot length, nd fresh weight of plnts were deresed mrkedly in response to hilling stress s lso observed some other rop plnts (Xing et l., 211; Hussin et l., 216; Thkur et l., 21). Chilling stress limits root growth nd development by deresing root length, biomss, nd morphology whih ultimtely derese volume of the root system for up tking the nutrients nd wter (Cutforth et l., 1986; Stewrt et l., 199). This redued nutrient nd wter uptke impt on overll morphology of plnts whih is indited by deresed shoot length nd fresh weight (Fig. 2). However, priming with H 2 O 2 redued the hilling indued negtive effets on these prmeters by improving root length, shoot length nd fresh weight of plnts (Fig. 2). Similr result ws reported in Zoysi mtrell under hilling stress (Wng et l., 21), whet (Li et l., 21), rie (Roy et l., 216) nd Allium ep (El-Mgeed, 216) plnts under different bioti stresses. H 2 O 2 might tivted different signlling mehnism whih ultimtely modulted growth promoting gene expression nd ntioxidnt defene system tht improved growth nd biomss of plnts (Prsd, 1994; Hossin et l., 215). Rte of photosynthesis is n importnt determinnt of growth nd development of plnts whih solely depends on pturing light energy by hlorophyll. Thus hlorophyll ontent is regrded s n index to revel the bioti stress resistne of plnts (Smillie nd Hetherington, 1983; Gengmo et l., 214; Ased nd Rshid, 217; Prveen et l., 217). In the present study, TCC in rie leves ws delined mrkedly in reltion to the inresing time durtion of hilling stress (Fig. 3) s lso observed in bermud grss under hilling stress (Fn et l., 215). This delintion of TCC might hmpered photosynthesis of plnts tht ultimtely redued plnt growth nd biomss (Fig. 2 & Fig. 3). Chilling stress might inrese the level of ROS whih injured membrne of hloroplst nd redued hlorophyll of rie plnts. On the other hnd priming with H 2 O 2 elevted TCC in hilling stressed plnts (Fig. 3). Similr enhnement of TCC fter H 2 O 2 tretment ws observed in drought stressed uumber seedling (Sun et l., 216). Priming with H 2 O 2 elevted TCC perhps by proteting hloroplst membrne from hilling indued injury or up regulting hlorophyll syntheti enzyme. Plnts re sessile in nture. Thus, it nnot move the lotion when it enounter with unfvourble environment. But through the ourse of evolution, plnt develops some defene mehnism to ountert the unfvourble environment indued stress through regulting enzymti nd non-enzymti ntioxidnt. In our experiment, hilling stress inresed CAT nd APX tivity signifintly (Fig. 3b,) s lso observed in tomto under old stress (Iseri et l., 213), mize (Thjib-Ul-Arif et l., 218) nd Allium ep plnts under slt stress (El-Mgeed, 216). But this level of inrese of the APX nd CAT is not suffiient for proteting plnt from hilling indued stress. Thus deteriortion of growth nd biomss ourred in urrent experiment (Fig. 2). On the other hnd priming with H 2 O 2 further inresed CAT nd APX tivity nd proteted rie plnts from short term hilling stress more effetively thn long term hilling tht is visulized by improved growth nd biomss (Fig. 2 & Fig. 3b,) s lso observed in different plnts suh s tomto (Iseri et l., 213) nd Allium ep plnts (El-Mgeed, 216). Improved enzymti ntioxidnt might help to redue ROS whih subsequently proteted membrnes nd ell mhineries whih ultimtely onferred tolerne rie plnts (Ds nd Royhoudhury, 214). Finlly it ould be onluded tht, the H 2 O 2 priming enhned growth nd photosyntheti pigments in rie seedlings nd ensure better protetion ginst hilling-indued oxidtive stress by enhning ntioxidnt enzymes. Among different onentrtions, 1 mm H 2 O 2 performed better in terms of germintion indies, growth nd pigment protetion. Therefore, the 1 mm H 2 O 2 priming n be used to produe qulity seedlings under hilling stress ondition. Aknowledgements This reserh ws supported by Grnt from the Bngldesh Agriulturl University Reserh System, Bngldesh Agriulturl University for fisl yer Conflit of Interest The uthors delre tht there is no onflit of interests regrding the publition of this pper. Referenes Aebi H Ctlse. Elsevier. doi: 1.116/b Aflki F, Sedghi M, Pzuki A, Pessrkli M Investigtion of seed germintion indies for erly seletion of slinity tolernt genotypes: se study in whet. Emirtes Journl of Food nd

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10 Afrin et l. Fundm Appl Agri 4(1): , 219 Smillie RM, Hetherington SE Stress tolerne nd stress-indued injury in rop plnts mesured by hlorophyll fluoresene in vivo: Chilling, freezing, ie over, het, nd high light. Plnt Physiology 72: doi: 1.114/pp Stewrt CR, Mrtin BA, Reding L, Cerwik S Respirtion nd lterntive oxidse in orn seedling tissues during germintion t different tempertures. Plnt Physiology 92: doi: 1.114/pp Sun Y, Luo W, Li Z, Sun L. 21. Effets of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on germintion hrteristis of uumber seeds under NHCO3 stress. In: Bioinformtis nd Biomedil Engineering. 4th Interntionl Conferene, pp Sun Y, Wng H, Liu S, Peng X Exogenous pplition of hydrogen peroxide llevites drought stress in uumber seedlings. South Afrin Journl of Botny 16: doi: 1.116/j.sjb Thjib-Ul-Arif M, Siddiqui MN, Sohg AAM, Skil MA, Rhmn MM, Polsh MAS, Mostof MG, Trn LSP Sliyli id-medited enhnement of photosynthesis ttributes nd ntioxidnt pity ontributes to yield improvement of mize plnts under slt stress. Journl of Plnt Growth Regultion 37: doi: 1.17/s y. Trhoune I, Sgherri C, Izzo R, Lhl M, Ouerghi Z, Nvri-Izzo F. 21. Antioxidtive responses of Oimum bsilium to sodium hloride or sodium sulphte sliniztion. Plnt Physiology nd Biohemistry 48: doi: 1.116/j.plphy Terzi R, Kdioglu A, Klyioglu E, Sglm A Hydrogen peroxide pretretment in- 219 by the uthor(s). This work is liensed under Cretive Commons. Attribution-NonCommeril 4. Interntionl (CC BY-NC 4.) Liense 722 dues osmoti stress tolerne by influening osmolyte nd bsisi id levels in mize leves. Journl of Plnt Intertions 9: doi: 1.18/ Tewri AK, Tripthy BC Temperture-stressindued impirment of hlorophyll biosyntheti retions in uumber nd whet. Plnt Physiology 117: doi: 1.114/pp Thkur P, Kumr S, Mlik JA, Berger JD, Nyyr H. 21. Cold stress effets on reprodutive development in grin rops: An overview. Environmentl nd Experimentl Botny 67: doi: 1.116/j.envexpbot Wng Y, Li J, Wng J, Li Z. 21. Exogenous h2 o2 improves the hilling tolerne of mnilgrss nd msrenegrss by tivting the ntioxidtive system. Plnt Growth Regultion 61: doi: 1.17/s Xing CH, Xu SC, Bo SH, To LX Effets of low temperture nd drought on the physiologil nd growth hnges in oil plm seedlings. Afrin Journl of Biotehnology 1: doi: /jb Ydv SK. 21. Cold stress tolerne mehnisms in plnts. review. Agronomy for Sustinble Development 3: doi: 1.151/gro/295. Ye C, Fuki S, Godwin I, Reinke R, Snell P, Shiller J, Bsnyke J. 29. Cold tolerne in rie vrieties t different growth stges. Crop nd Psture Siene 6: doi: 1.171/p96. Ye JD, Lee LI, Jeong OY, Kim YK. 28. Sttus nd prospet of rie old tolerne in Northest Asi. RDA, Suwon, Kore. The Offiil Journl of the Frm to Fork Foundtion ISSN: (print) ISSN: (eletroni)