PARTICIPATIVE PAVING PROGRAM IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE

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1 PARTICIPATIVE PAVING PROGRAM IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE Silvana Frontier 1* and Patricio Grainger 1 1 Serviu Metropolitano, Chile *Corresponding Author s sfrontier@minvu.cl SUMMARY Participative Paving Program is a management system for low-standard roads which is characterized by public-private participation in the whole process: from project to expost evaluation. The implementation of the Participative Paving Program in the Metropolitan Region since 1994 to the present day has resulted in paving deficit reduction, reduced pollution levels, increased fiscal patrimony and increased investment. During these 17 years of operation, it has been shown that people take greater care and give more value to their surroundings when they take part in the decisions concerning what is done in them and how it will be done. Additionally, although the Participative Paving Program is open to the whole population, it has benefited mostly low-income people. Initially, user s final opinion was not surveyed, but satisfaction surveys were applied in a later stage, with positive results in more than 95% of cases. The Program scope has grown over the time: initially, it only included the paving of new roadways; and later the possibility of resurfacing roads and paving and/or repaving sidewalks. Currently running $ 19 million per project, covering 85 km linear, is being implemented part of its methodology in other lines of implementing urban road projects and, moreover, proposes a more end-user participation in the design of urban space and including the design of landscaping associated with paving. KEY WORDS: Participative Paving Program, management system, low-standard roads DESCRIPTION OF PARTICIPATIVE PAVING PROGRAM Participative Paving Program (PPP) was created in 1994 from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development to be applied throughout Chile (1), through the Regional Ministerial Secretariats (SEREMI) and Housing and Urban Services (SERVIU) regional. This program applies to passageway and low-standard streets, with a maximum width of a strip of 15 meters and 20 meters in exceptional cases. The General Regulation of Housing and Urban Development (2) provides that in the Passageway, Local way and Service way, which are those that meet the characteristics of the PPP. There, the traffic flow and load levels tend to zero, and for this reason, the pavement is minimal demand and decreased operational costs of the project situation is negligible. Moreover, according to the social evaluation system established by the Ministry of Planning (Mideplan), the urban road projects are prioritized based on the ratio cost / benefit (3).

2 Grainger and Frontier Thus, low standard roads are not likely to be paved or repaved, and that when making the overall analysis of the road network, including social benefits are minimal and, therefore, are not eligible projects. Then, the PPP is even more relevant now in charge of the roads not considered in the usual system of prioritization and financing of urban transportation projects, their main objective is "to reduce the deficit paving and repaving of streets, passgeway and sidewalks, allowing the incorporation of its funding from individuals and municipalities benefit "(1) Your procedure can be divided into four stages: Design engineering project, Application of public funds, Execution of works and Evaluation. Design engineering project It all starts with the idea of paving or repaving can be neighbors or the municipality. When it comes to paving, generally, the neighbors feel the need to solve the problem of mud in the winter, not only allowed out to work or study, and suspended dust in summer, so keep your windows closed despite the ambient heat, in the case of repaving is due to the low levels of service offered by the pavement leading to an exponential decay in the quality of life of the community. The neighbors must organize a Committee Paving and request, together with the Municipality, the paving project, which can be performed by a particular engineer or you can request Serviu, the designer must present the design to the Committee Paving, once the neighbors are satisfied with the design can proceed to the next stage. Application for Public Funds This stage begins by presenting the paving project for review by the Participative Paving Unit of the Metropolitan Serviu; passing this review, we deliver the application form to the Housing and Urban Seremi who reviews the history and prioritizes according to a scoring system objective and known by all participants. The result is published in mass print media (newspapers). Execution of works The Seremi of Housing and Urban Metropolitan officiates to Serviu for to tender the works. Serviu called for bids and then awards. Subsequently, inspection of works, he takes importance of community involvement since the beginning of the work is done a briefing involving Serviu Metropolitan, Municipality, Builder and Neighborhood Committee. During the course of the works remains fluid communication between neighbors, municipalities, construction and Serviu which minimizes the problems, and therefore future claims. Evaluation This step is carried out a satisfaction survey to residents who are directly benefited by the paving. The following table shows the public and private participation in different stages: TABLE 1 Description of Public and Private Participation in Different Stages of the PPP Stage Public participation Private Participation Design engineering To design or reviewing the Request, contracting and financing

3 project project as appropriate project paving Application for Reception and analysis of Submission of project for evaluation Public Funds records Execution of works Bidding and inspection of works; financing the majority of the works Financing minority of works Evaluation Application satisfaction survey and analysis Answer the survey and gives his appraisal of the results of paving RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE FLOOR PARTICIPATORY PROGRAM In the early years of the program produced a significant decrease in the deficit for streets and alleys (see Table 2), so that he needs repaving included from 2006 onwards (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) which produced a 100% greater increase in the application or annual demand for the program. TABLE 2 Paving Deficits Year Paving Deficit Repaving Deficit km No Information km No Information km No Information km No Information km km

4 Grainger and Frontier FIGURE 1 Paving Los Ceibos Passageway, Calera de Tango Commune.

5 FIGURE 2 Repaving Villa Alborada, Peñalolén Commune. Regarding the purpose of reducing levels of pollution include unpaved roads that influence the material measured as PM10. Being an environmental pollution problem of great interest and concern to the authorities during the nineties and early 2000s were designed ways to reduce emissions that go far beyond the pavement, covering the industrial, automotive, construction and residential emissions. In this context, although the measurements have decreased over the years, it is not possible to establish a direct relationship between this decline and the fact paves the streets. In terms of fiscal patrimony, the length of paved roads has increased by around 10% in the last 15 years (see Table 3). For comparison it should be mentioned that the total length of roads in the metropolitan region is 14,000 km. TABLE 3 kilometers of paved the PPP Year Km paved Paved accumulated Km

6 Grainger and Frontier The fiscal investment remained constant the first years of the program, then had a low in recent years, after allowing include repaved has increased becoming the 7% of the total investment in the Pavement Department of the Metropolitan Serviu (see Table 4). TABLE 4 Annual Investments Year PPP Investment Total investment in paving No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information No Information PROJECTION OF PARTICIPATIVE PAVING PROGRAM Currently the demand is increasing, especially in communities that do not usually participate in the program. This has led to create a new administrative support, implementing two sections: one in charge of projects and technical review of applications, and another responsible for implementing the selected projects. On the other hand, seeks to improve in every way possible. Therefore assessments are being implemented by all customers who have Serviu Metropolitan: neighbors, neighborhood committee, municipalities, Seremi, among others. Urban interventions are complex by the number of elements that converge in one small space, and when performed in residential areas are compounded by the difficulty of reconciling the usual activities of people in the construction sector with the chores. In this context, one of the most important lessons you've learned in years of implementation of PPP is that end users (neighbors) contribute positively paving projects when they consider their ideas, opinions, requests both the engineering design stage and in the construction phase.

7 Indeed, the working system has opened a space program of community participation that allows the development of mutual trust between the public company, private enterprise and the beneficiaries; in addition, improved communication channels and enables urban interventions with higher levels of satisfaction users and lower construction costs. REFERENCES (1) Decreto Supremo Nº114 of Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo, Reglamenta Programa de Pavimentación Participativa, (2) Decreto Supremo N 47 of Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo, Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcción, (3) Manual de Diseño y Evaluación Social de Proyectos de Vialidad Urbana (Mespivu), Ministerio de Planificación, 1988.