Fig1. Illustration of the internal elements of the mosque Dvmnarh saqqez

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1 International Journal of Management sciences and Education Vol.2 (3), May (2014) ISSN: Research Paper Study of Mosque Architecture in harmony with the climate of the old city Dovmnareh turpentine climate index Evans Faraydoon Salehyan *1 1Master of Architecture, Eastern Azerbaijan Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eastern Azerbaijan, IRAN Available online at: Received 16 th February 2014, Revised 20 th March 2014, Accepted 30 th March 2014 Abstract Climatic conditions is one of the most important factors affecting housing is a human being in all places and times. So as to examine the influence of these elements and its feedback architecture is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climate on the minaret of mosque architecture turpentine as a historical and national heritage is turpentine city. For this purpose, monthly mean minimum temperature, maximum and average climate statistics, minimum and maximum relative humidity during the statistical period ( ) of the Kurdistan Province Meteorological Bureau and the collection has been arranged. After analyzing the data using the Evans index and comparative studies, library and field operation (shots), consistent with the architecture of the mosque climate was assessed. The results showed that, 400 years ago, the mosque is an architectural structure built with the finest regional climate conditions in harmony with the architectural and cultural heritage of an extraordinary compatibility with the climate of the region. Keywords: Climate Architecture, Saqqez, Mosque Dovmnareh, Evans Index Introduction: Supply architecture, science, culture and art in the form of a plan to communicate. (Mousavi, 1380). Although over the years, many of the impacts of climate on all the activities and experiences of housing is obtained, However, with the arrival of an alien architecture in recent years, especially in small towns, the construction of houses is done without considering the effect of climate. Turpentine is also valuable historic city of old texture with old houses and mosques. Although the gum tissue and changed many changes, but the architecture of the houses and their arrangement on the basis of the local architectural style is done. Valuable old buildings in the old context, Zand and Qajar and early Pahlavi period returns. The minaret of mosque architecture turpentine, despite its weak local materials made in the past, but largely on climate and architectural principles are consistent. This issue stop wasting energy, reduce heat and winter cold and summer is finally increasing human prosperity. However, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the two minarets of mosque architecture in harmony with the climate Evans index is based turpentine city. Mosque city Dvmnarh turpentine: saqqez city at 46 degrees 16 minutes latitude and 36 degrees 15 minutes latitude of the equator is located. Its height is 1522 meters above sea level in a mountainous area between the high and irregular mountains of the Zagros mountain range is located. Mountains in the south of the city "hejanan" in the Mountain West "Mlqrny" are widespread. Saqqez due to being located in a specific geographical location, climatic conditions, topography, and systems biology, climatic conditions affecting a specific area allocated to the Thus, prolonged frost in winter and excessive heat in late summer, will create many problems for residents. Dvmnarh Imam Mosque Street is located in the old context turpentine. The exact date of construction of the mosque is unknown, but local residents making it Mullan Sheikh Hassan Abad attribute. It is likely that this mosque is built in the late period of the Zand dynasty and early Afshariyeh mosque 4 column bed chamber with thick wooden sign is caliphates. In the southwestern side porch hall (Summer Feast) built mosques that form evokes the Kurdistan region. Over Mosque, tall and lofty Dvmnarh is why the mosque minaret is known. The mosque building materials used include: Adobe - mud mortar - is rubble wood, tile and brickwork has been used in the decoration of a minaret. The mosque dome over the pool house are located and where prayers are older than the current mosque and therefore is probably an era buildings. The walls of the mosque plan Tile soap tiles cedar (tree of life) has been used to decorate the masters, Ali Esfahani. In 1378, the mosque was registered as part of National Heritage and Cultural Heritage to help repair the mosque was put on the agenda. According to a group of people, the mosque's imam, Sheikh Hassan at Guidance (Kak Svrvzmlh) who made it to 400 years old have been determined. Mosque with two minarets saqqez and saqqez in the neighborhood of the castle hill, historic city in one domain (Narin Castle) is located in a free environment that is open on all four sides. Fig1. Illustration of the internal elements of the mosque Dvmnarh saqqez *Correspondent Author : Faraydoon Salehyan (mohamadkhaledian22@yahoo.com) Manuscript No: IJMEDU-KINA International Journal of Management sciences and Education 138

2 Architecture: The minaret of the mosque: The exterior decorations of the mosque in the western brick and Relatively high brick minaret mosque with six minarets which is tile with beautiful motifs. The word (or ALI) to be seen. Ivan a cylindrical column that leads to the roof. Minarets are tile stepping stone on the western side of the mosque space station decorations and squeezed into a small port located stepping and dock services, and the bathroom is Restrooms Masjid minaret, the muezzin Former it went up and said prayer, the mosque was renovated a few years ago by the Board and, minaret or Roof brick bricks brickwork and Tile and mouse unfortunately, the style and the former is destroyed. teeth, Each a simple, straight Cut and lies all Frill are built. Ivan Exterior decoration mosque Dvmnarh: takes a mosque is located in the south of the altar and windows 1) Use lemon Tile dominant color work, 2) the use of mosaic can be moved west toward the mosque is a separate wooden tiling 3) semicircular brick arches and arch 4) equipment at door. The front porch in the summer and spring and the altarlike swing door timber 5) brick minaret with bricks and roof tiles and form are true, Neighborhood where people pray brickwork mouse teeth Each a simple, straight Sleeping 6) congregational prayers in the days before there were readings. Instant light and the lattice Arch brick minaret 7) porch columns The mosque consists of a large Defined relatively is about 8 8) Foundation stone for the façade square meters. Defined relatively long and thick roof covered Interior decoration mosque Dvmnarh: with wooden and stone pillars located on top 4 column, Is being 1) Wooden bell 2) polygons cut Column 3) Arch of polygon held in the North Hall and a long platform and the length of the (hexagonal) stone columns. 4) Plastering bed away from hall was a place of prayer that children while praying during windows 5) high stone arch windows 6) wooden roof of the Prayers Sermon and Bowing see.the mosque has Altar arch in square modulus of the outstanding 7) Brick fireplaces Arch on 8 the right window there are two sides of the altar and the gypsum) plaster ceiling 9) windows with the sun's grid layout sanctuary is also a window. the windows Table 1: range of thermal comfort, day or night, compared with an average monthly relative humidity Evans method. Overnight Daily RH Thermal conditions. Scale temperatures temperature /5-29/ Within the comfort zone with air flow of 1 meter per A second Comfort Zone range of lightweight summer dress or a B style blankets at night with a subtle flow of air ( meters per second) The range of normal wear comfortable and warm, thick blankets at night Data and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the climatic comfort Dvmnarh historic mosque after 45 years of climate data collection (Table 5) of the study area using climate indices Evans, Climate Comfort Dvmnarh mosque was analyzed, based on the results of the indicators to assess the status quo of mosque architecture design and analysis. Analysis: Index of comfort zone, "Evans» "Evans 'index' to determine the human comfort zone, the four conditions in relation to air dry at room temperature is: 1- "RH" four groups "0-0.30", " ", " ", " » 2- "air flow" non-tangible (0.1 meters per second) to concrete (1 meter per second) 3- "activity" light work or rest home 4- "Apparel" style dresses summer to winter clothing indoors. To assess the monthly thermal conditions of each locality Evans method should be based on the minimum mean monthly relative humidity 'comfort zone daily range "is determined. (Table1) Months, compared with an average maximum temperature "comfort zone within hours" per month, according to the maximum average monthly relative humidity 'comfort zone is characterized by night. And the Average minimum temperature is measured in months. The monthly mean minimum and maximum air temperature, relative humidity and compliance with the scope of the Evans index in Table 2, the daily air temperature in each case was determined. The maximum temperature range of thermal comfort compared with Evans indicates "cold conditions" in A state of 8 months In case (B) 7 months, and in case (C) 6 months of the year will take. In the hot weather conditions in A state of 2 months In case (B) 2 months AND in case (C) 6 months The year is allocated. According to Evans, the months of January, February, March, April, May, October, and November cold and the days of the months of August and September the weather is warm. Day and the months C International Journal of Management sciences and Education 139

3 of June, July, September, and comfort conditions in buildings is 6- Due to the low temperature at night often necessary in possible under the circumstances. well-insulated buildings with moderate or high heat capacity is 1- The months of August and September, high temperatures, required. and large swings in temperature day and night, and strategies 7- According to Evans, the months of January, February, to achieve comfort conditions using materials with high heat March, April, May, November and December were cold and capacity and latency. the days of the months of August and September the weather 2- Months of April, May and October are the dominant daily is warm. Day of the months of June, July, August, is in terms comfort and protect the building from radiation and strong of comfort. wind is necessary. Terms of mosque architecture in accordance with the 3- Due to the low temperature at night often necessary in preceding paragraphs. well-insulated buildings with moderate or high heat capacity is According to the requirements listed in paragraph A, the required. materials used in the building of the mosque (adobe and brick) 4- The months of August and September, high temperatures, has a heat capacity and latency is acceptable. and large swings in temperature day and night, and strategies The reason for the placement of the building and porch to achieve comfort conditions using materials with high heat awning suitable for man and not embedded and windows capacity and latency. opening to the West and the prevailing wind conditions are 5- Months of April, May and October are the dominant daily provided in paragraph two of the building. comfort and protect the building from radiation and strong Due to lack of access and facilities for building insulation wind is necessary. section of Tuesday's ruling is not and just stick material that is resistant to heat and cold, somewhat against the doors and windows of the mosque building has been used. Table 2: Weather Saqqez DEC NOV OCT SEP JUL AUG JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN Scale Cold Cold Com Hot Hot Com Comfortable Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Day Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Cold Night Conclusions and recommendations: After analyzing Comfort Climate mosque Dvmnarh index Evans accordance with Table 3 and guidelines specified in the table above concludes that in accordance with the following paragraphs mosque minaret turpentine over 90 percent, according to climate Saqqez design it has been suggested due to the availability of meteorological data Forecast be provided to the city's architectural design for comfort climate and energy reduction is possible. Table 3: Conditions and Weather turpentine Architectural Temperat proposals to ure Status of the regulate the fluctuatio study status of ns at indoor air night Necessary airflow Heat capacity and latency performance of a building The need for mechanical cooling and heating Day With A convenient On the scale scale of HOT On hot days On hot days Average humidity Minimum 70% 70% Ma xim um Average Temperature Minimum Maximu m Conditions and Weather High temperature and high humidity day High temperature and high volatility day Severe discomfort International Journal of Management sciences and Education 140

4 than 32.5 Day and night, comfortable, but with Proper heat Days of than 30.5 large swings in capacity Comfort temperature day and than 29.5.night 70% than 29 There are daily Keep the building from radiation and strong wind and 6 terms in the state has been 1,0,3,0 comfort Building components with the ability to accumulate sufficient heat Not necessary for the thermal insulation thick enough temporary The need for proper insulation and heat by permanent Necessary airflow Building a high performing heat capacity Need for well insulated buildings with moderate or high heat capacity New Cool Cold Warm Nights Warm Nights Cold nights Table4 :Distribution of monthly welfare status of Climate turpentine total DEC NOV OCT SEP JUL AUG JUN MA Y 70% APR MA R Over 5/25 Over 26 Over 5/27 Over 5/26 Over 26 Less than FEB JAN Less than Low temperature on igh temperature and high humidity at night High temperature and low humidity in the night Low temperatures at night Weather High temperatures and high 0 relative humidity of the day High temperature and high * * volatility day Severe discomfort-0 Day and night, -1 comfortable, but with large swings in temperature day.and night * * * There are daily comfort * new 3 * * Cool * * * Cold Low -6 temperature on High temperature and high -0 humidity at night High temperature and low -1 humidity in the night 05 * * * - - * * * * * * * Low temperatures at night -9 International Journal of Management sciences and Education 141

5 Fig 2. Plan of mosque architecture Dvmnarh saqqez References: Annals of Statistics Statistics station in Kurdistan province. Kasmaee, M., 23, Climate and architecture, Tehran, spreading soil, second edition Khaladi, Shehryar, 53, Meteorological Applications, Printing, Publishing Ghomes Tehran. Cultural Heritage Organization of Kurdistan Province Fig 3. The exterior of the mosque Dvmnarh saqqez Razjvyan, Mahmoud, comfort and shelter in architectural harmony with the climate, second edition, Tehran: martyr Beheshti University,2009 Iran Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Office of National Building Regulations, nineteenth topic guide, Tehran, 2011 International Journal of Management sciences and Education 142