Use of Underground Space

Transcription

1 Use of Underground Space Subsurface planning Prof. Ir. Johan W. Bosch March 3, Chair Vermelding of Underground onderdeel Space organisatie Technology

2 Content Use of (underground) space in city environment. 1. International perspective 2. National developments 3. From Urban planning to integral planning March 3,

3 1- Use of the underground (international perspective) Focus: use of the underground in city environment. Increase of claims on public space (crowded) Soil conditions Law Ownership Presence of a form of city planning March 3,

4 1- Use of the underground (international perspective) Prosperity and growth Spatial conflicts (quality of public space) March 3,

5 Metro s Londen & Parijs March 3,

6 London March 3,

7 London March 3,

8 Paris March 3,

9 Rotterdam March 3,

10 Amsterdam March 3,

11 London & Paris Strong development of use of the underground due to: A- Soil conditions B- Size of the city C- Pressure on public space D- Way ownership is regulated E- Spatial planning March 3,

12 Tokyo March 3,

13 Tokyo March 3,

14 Tokyo MILU? Multifunctional Intensive Land Use March 3,

15 Japan : Tokyo A- Many claims on public space (infrastructure) B- Difficult soil conditions C- Land could not be expropriated (till recently) D- No city plan, very little spatial planning March 3,

16 Use of Underground Space in the Netherlands The growing interest for underground space technology, despite of the unfavourable circumstances in the Netherlands, is the result of: The environmental complexity and the growing numbers of infrastructural and environmental planning problems The continuing demand for better quality of environment, nature and liveability Economical growth March 3,

17 Reasons for Using & Developing Underground Space Taking away/ reducing nuisance and thereby improving liveability Reducing/ eliminating the security risks and damage to the environment Complex infrastructural/ environmental planning problems, especially in areas where space is becoming rare Strategic consideration March 3,

18 2- National developments Developments in the Netherlands: Large infrastructure Small infrastructure Underground storage Underground buildings Underground logistic systems March 3,

19 2- Tunnels (large infrastructure) Road tunnels Rail tunnels March 3,

20 2- Tunnels (large infrastructure) Two developments: 1- Application: From strictly use as a functional application towards solution of spatial problems. Development of new technology: From building from surface (immersed tunnels) towards underground construction (TBM) Piet Heintunnel March 3,

21 2- TBM driven tunnels Built since 1996: 2 de Heinenoordtunnel (941 m, 2 ø 8,3 m) Westerscheldetunnel (6700 m, 2 ø 11,0 m) Botlekspoortunnel (1835 m, 2 ø 9,45 m) Sophiaspoortunnel (4000 m, 2 ø 9,45 m) Tunnel Pannerdensch kanaal (1615 m, 2 ø 9,45 m) HSL-Zuid Groene Harttunnel (7160 m, ø 14,87 m) March 3,

22 2- TBM driven tunnels Under construction: Randstadrail Rotterdam ( 2 ø 6,5 m, 2400 m) Hubertustunnel ( 2 ø 10,2 m, 1495 m) Noord/Zuidlijn Amsterdam (2 ø 7,1 m, 3100 m) March 3,

23 2- TBM driven tunnels Feasible (early 1990) Being built (early 2000) Adaptable (20..?) (city/shallow) March 3,

24 2- Small infrastructure Illustratie uit: Ondergronds. Het verhaal van onzichtbare constructies. It s crowded in the underground March 3,

25 2- Small infrastructure Alternative? March 3,

26 2- Small infrastructure Rapid increase of parties involved. March 3,

27 2- Small infrastructure Technology development: Trench less technology Horizontal directional drilling Horizontal micro tunneling March 3,

28 2- Small infrastructure March 3,

29 2- Small infrastructure March 3,

30 2- Underground storage Waste collection Almere March 3,

31 2- Underground buildings Car parking Amsterdam, mechanical Delft, traditional March 3,

32 2- Logistic systems Network: DC DP DC DP DP DP Pipe line: Ring pipe line Shuttle pipe line DP DC DP DP DP DP DP urban area DP DC DP DP DC DP DP Interchanges: Logistic City Park (LCP) Distribution Center (DC) Distribution Points (DP) DP DC LCP DP DC March 3,

33 2- Cold & heat storage March 3,

34 3- The underground is crowded Use of the underground, more than infrastructure: -Foundations -Biotopes -Archeological archive -Water storage -Ground water flow -Etc. Illustratie uit: Ondergronds. Het verhaal van onzichtbare constructies. March 3,

35 3- Trends Increasing pressure on the use of the underground. Working from level becomes less acceptable Small infrastructure: Increase of use of trench less technology (tunnels for cable & ducts?) Large infrastructure: Development of shallow tunnels (TDT) March 3,

36 3-Subsurface planning Why subsurface planning? 1. Reserve 2. Regulate 3. Reduce risks 4. Direct March 3,

37 3-Subsurface planning Why subsurface planning? 1. Reserve scarce; don t waste 2. Regulate many parties=many interest 3. Reduce risks just coordinating sufficient 4. Direct quality doesn t come by itself March 3,

38 3-Subsurface planning Spatial planning Spatial planning of the underground Integrated spatial planning March 3,

39 3-Integral subsurface planning Redevelopment of Oosterdokseiland March 3,