TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON Special Effects AGENDA Second Draft Meeting October 30, 2014 Embassy Suites Baltimore Inner Harbor 8 AM-4 PM

Transcription

1 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON Special Effects AGENDA Second Draft Meeting October 30, 2014 Embassy Suites Baltimore Inner Harbor 8 AM-4 PM Note- Continental Breakfast served at 7:30AM. Lunch served at noon. Day One-8 AM 1. Welcome. Josh Lazarus, Chair 2. Introductions and Update of Committee Roster. (Attached) 3. Approval of FD Meeting Minutes October 2, (Attached) 4. Staff updates. a) Committee membership update. b) Annual 2015 revision cycle schedule review. (Attached) c) New Process Presentation. 5. Review of Public Comments NFPA 160. (Attached) 6. Review of Public Comments NFPA (Attached) 7. Task Group Report and Review-Hybrid Flame Effects. (Attached) 8. Other/New Business. Proposed change to A Glenn Dean (Attached) 9. Formation of Task Groups for Next Revision Cycle. 10. Scheduling Next Meeting 11. Adjournment.

2 Address List No Phone Special Effects 10/10/2014 Nancy Pearce Joshua Lazarus Chair J Lazarus Company 1018 Bergen Bld. Fort Lee, NJ SE 07/14/2004 Robert Bauer The Doyle Street Group 3200 Foothill Drive, Unit 4 Thousand Oaks, CA IM 1/1/1995 Glenn A. Birket Birket Engineering, Inc. 162 West Plant Street Winter Garden, FL : Daniel Birket M 1/1/1995 Randall W. A. Davidson Risk International & Associates, Inc West Ontario Avenue Littleton, CO SE 1/1/1995 Glenn A. Dean Virginia Department of Fire Programs State Fire Marshal s Office 1005 Technology Park Drive Glen Allen, VA International Fire Marshals Association : Steven Sites E 10/29/2012 Gregory V. Dumansky XL Global Asset Protection Services 260 West Kenneth Road Glendale, CA I 7/16/2003 June M. Fields 79 Fountainhead Circle Henderson, NV : R. Scott Schaffner SE 1/1/1995 Hardial Gore RADCO 3220 East 59th Street Long Beach, CA : Michael L. Zieman RT 03/07/2013 Jeremiah Harris Harris Production Services/PRG 630 Ninth Avenue, Suite 610 New York, NY : Gregory Meeh U 4/1/1995 John Kelly Washington DC Fire & EMS Department Office of the Fire Marshal 719 Opus Avenue Capitol Heights, MD : John R. Kitchens E 08/09/2012 Kenneth L. Kosanke PyroLabs, Incorporated 1775 Blair Road Whitewater, CO : Lawrence T. Weinman SE 7/22/1999 Mark Lee Universal Studios Orlando 1000 Universal Studios Plaza, T58 Orlando, FL : John Hamaric U 03/07/2013 1

3 Address List No Phone Special Effects 10/10/2014 Nancy Pearce Daryl Marmon Wald-All American Fireworks 4390 West 152nd Court Leawood, KS Pyrotechnics Guild International, Inc. : John R. Steinberg M 3/4/2009 Craig A. Meyers Clark County Fire Department 7312 Hospitality Place Las Vegas, NV : Edward J. Kaminski E 3/15/2007 Thaine Morris MP Associates Incorporated 7511 Dungarton Avenue Los Angeles, CA : David J. Pier M 1/1/1995 Andrew T. Nicholls Orlando Special Effects, Inc Lake Mary Jane Road Orlando, FL : Garry Hanson M 10/3/2002 Amanda McLean Nixon Pyroam, Inc./Luna Tech, Inc. PO Box Huntsville, AL : Brian M. Panther M 7/29/2005 Rachel Robbins Natural Resources Canada Explosive Regulatory Division 580 Booth Street Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4 Canada Enforcement : Marie Vachon E 3/4/2009 John T. Rodgers John T. Rodgers, PE 4730 K La Villa Marina Marina Del Rey, CA : Bob Ross M 1/1/1995 Monona Rossol Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc. 181 Thompson Street, Suite 23 New York, NY SE 4/16/1999 Larry Schoeneman SE 1/16/1998 Interesting Products 328 North Albany Avenue Chicago, IL Entertainment Services & Technology Association : Karl G. Ruling James D. Streett International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees Local McBroom Street, Suite N Sunland, CA L 03/07/2013 Martin E. Steinke SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment 7007 Sea Harbor Drive Orlando, FL Bert von Rosen Natural Resources Canada Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Bldg. 12, 1 Haanel Drive Bells Corners Complex Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1 Canada Research U 4/15/2004 RT 8/2/2010 2

4 Address List No Phone Special Effects 10/10/2014 Nancy Pearce Charles P. Weeth Weeth & Associates, LLC 122 South 17th Street La Crosse, WI SE 7/16/2003 Christopher T. Wyman New Hampshire State Fire Marshal's Office 27 Derry Street Merrimack, NH National Association of State Fire Marshals : Paul G. Makuc E 03/07/2013 Tylor A. Wymer WOW!Works, A Buckley/Wymer Company 614 East Highway 50, Suite 405 Clermont, FL : Eric Larsen U 1/1/1995 Marge Yarbrough California State Fire Marshal PO Box Corona, CA E 7/28/2006 William J. Young Superior Energy Systems, Ltd Station Road Columbia Station, OH National Propane Gas Association : Robert B. Nicholson, III M 4/1/1995 Tassilo Baur U 1/14/2005 Voting 827 North Hollywood Way, #552 Burbank, CA The Alliance of Special Effects & Pyrotechnic Operators, Inc. Voting Alt. to ASEPO Rep. Daniel Birket Birket Engineering Inc. PO Box Ocoo, FL : Glenn A. Birket M 7/1/1995 John Hamaric Universal Studios Orlando 1000 Universal Studios Plaza, T-65 Orlando, FL : Mark Lee U 7/23/2008 Garry Hanson Precocious Pyrotechnics, Inc th Avenue, NW Belgrade, MN : Andrew T. Nicholls M 8/2/2010 Edward J. Kaminski Clark County Fire Department 575 East Flamingo Las Vegas, NV : Craig A. Meyers E 3/2/2010 John R. Kitchens Los Angeles City Fire Department PO Box 178 Somis, CA : John Kelly E 10/29/2012 Eric Larsen Explosive FX Inc. 10 Wren Court Middletown, NJ : Tylor A. Wymer U 10/29/2012 3

5 Address List No Phone Special Effects 10/10/2014 Nancy Pearce Paul G. Makuc Connecticut State Police Fire & Explosion Investigation Unit 269 Maxim Road Hartford, CT National Association of State Fire Marshals : Christopher T. Wyman E 10/23/2013 Gregory Meeh Jauchem & Meeh Inc. 524 Sackett Street Brooklyn, NY : Jeremiah Harris U 4/15/2004 Robert B. Nicholson, III Eastern Propane Corporation 255 Oak Ridge Road PO Box 285 Oak Ridge, NJ National Propane Gas Association : William J. Young M 10/1/1996 Brian M. Panther Hi-Tech FX LLC 1135 Avenue I Fort Madison, IA : Amanda McLean Nixon M 3/4/2009 David J. Pier MP Associates, Inc Jackson Valley Road PO Box 546 Ione, CA : Thaine Morris M 1/12/2000 Bob Ross Pyrotek Special Effects 7676 Woodbine Avenue, Unit 8 Markham, ON L3R2N2 Canada : John T. Rodgers M 03/07/2013 Karl G. Ruling SE 4/28/2000 PLASA North America 630 Ninth Avenue, Suite 609 New York, NY Entertainment Services & Technology Association : Larry Schoeneman R. Scott Schaffner CSA International 2805 Barranca Parkway Irvine, CA : June M. Fields SE 7/1/1995 Steven Sites Virginia State Fire Marshals Office 140 Brookside Place Harrisonburg, VA International Fire Marshals Association : Glenn A. Dean E 07/29/2013 John R. Steinberg Pyrotechnics Guild International, Inc Carthage Road Randallstown, MD Pyrotechnics Guild International, Inc. : Daryl Marmon M 10/3/2002 Marie Vachon Natural Resources Canada Explosive Regulatory Division 1431 Merivale Road Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1 Canada Enforcement : Rachel Robbins E 8/5/2009 Lawrence T. Weinman Schneier-Weinman Consultants 7716 Trailside Estates Blvd. Austin, TX : Kenneth L. Kosanke SE 4/4/1997 4

6 Address List No Phone Special Effects 10/10/2014 Nancy Pearce Michael L. Zieman RADCO 3220 East 59th Street Long Beach, CA : Hardial Gore RT 1/12/2000 Mark Hagemann Nonvoting Member US Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration 200 Constitution Ave. NW, Room N3609 Washington, DC E 4/15/2004 Nancy Pearce Staff Liaison National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA /05/2012 5

7 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL EFFECTS First Draft Meeting Minutes October 2, AM-6 PM EDT NFPA, Quincy, Ma Adobe Connect/Conference Call Meeting Attendees Josh Lazarus, Chair Robert Bauer, Doyle Street Group, CA Glenn Birket, Birket Engineering, FL Glenn Dean, VA State Fire Marshals, VA June Fields, NV Reuben Goldberg, Technic Services, CA Hardial Gore, RADCO, CA Kenneth Kosanke, Pyrolabs, CO Daryl Marmon, Pyrotechnics Guild Intl, KS Amanda Mclean Nixon, Pyroam Inc/Luna Tech, AL Rachel Robbins, Natural Resources Canada, Canada James Streett, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, CA Charles Weeth, Weeth and Associates, WI Christopher Wyman, NH Fire Marshals Office, NH William Young, Superior Energy Systems, OH John Kitchens, LA Fire Dept, CA Brian Panther, Hi-Tech FX LLC, IA Robert Ross, Pyrotek, Canada Karl Ruling, Entertainment Services and Tech Association, NY Scott Schaffner, CSA International, CA John Steinberg, Pyrotechnics Guild, MD Nancy Pearce, NFPA Staff Guests: Matt Allan-MA DFS James Beardmore David Shatzer 1). Welcome-Committee Chair, Josh Lazarus. Committee chair welcomed members and guests and meeting began at 10:00 AM EDT. 2). Introduction of Attendees and Update of Committee Roster. Committee members and guests introduced themselves and their affiliations. 3). Minutes of Last Meeting/Conference call July 17, 2013 were approved by the committee.

8 4). Staff updates-nancy Pearce provided a powerpoint presentation on the new process, including an update on current committee makeup and the dates for the revision cycle. a) Committee membership update. b) Annual 2015 revision cycle schedule. c) New Process Presentation-Nancy Pearce NFPA Staff. 5). Review of Public Inputs NFPA 160 and NFPA All public inputs were reviewed. 6). Additional First Revision Considerations for Committee-Task Group Work. a) Airshow Special Effects. First revisions for NFPA 160 and NFPA 1126 were created. b) Hybrid Flame Effects. First revisions for NFPA 160 and NFPA 1126 were created. c) Language on Smoke Issue. A first revision for NFPA 1126 was created. d) Staff Review. Definitions not used in the document were removed. 7). Additional Issues for Consideration. A determination about the type of meeting and a location for second draft meeting will be made at a future date. 8). Adjournment. Meeting was adjourned at 6 PM EDT.

9 2015 ANNUAL REVISION CYCLE *Public Input Dates may vary according to standards and schedules for Revision Cycles may change. Please check the NFPA Website for the most up to date information on Public Input Closing Dates and schedules at # (i.e. and click on the Next Edition tab. Process Stage Process Step Dates for TC Dates for TC with CC Public Input Closing Date* 7/8/2013 7/8/2013 Final Date for TC First Draft Meeting 12/13/2013 9/13/2013 Public Input Posting of First Draft and TC Ballot 1/31/ /25/2013 Stage Final date for Receipt of TC First Draft ballot 2/21/ /15/2013 (First Draft) Final date for Receipt of TC First Draft ballot recirc 2/28/ /22/2013 Posting of First Draft for CC Meeting 11/29/2013 Final date for CC First Draft Meeting 1/10/2014 Posting of First Draft and CC Ballot 1/31/2014 Final date for Receipt of CC First Draft ballot 2/21/2014 Final date for Receipt of CC First Draft ballot recirc 2/28/2014 Post First Draft Report for Public Comment 3/7/2014 3/7/2014 Public Comment Closing Date for Paper Submittal* 4/11/2014 4/11/2014 Public Comment Closing Date for Online Submittal (e PC)* 5/16/2014 5/16/2014 Final Date to Publish Notice of Consent Documents (Standards that 5/30/2014 5/30/2014 received no Comments) Appeal Closing Date for Consent Standards (Standards that received 6/13/2014 6/13/2014 no Comments) Final date for TC Second Draft Meeting 10/31/2014 7/25/2014 Comment Posting of Second Draft and TC Ballot 12/12/2014 9/5/2014 Stage Final date for Receipt of TC Second Draft ballot 1/2/2015 9/26/2014 (Second Final date for receipt of TC Second Draft ballot recirc 1/9/ /3/2014 Draft) Posting of Second Draft for CC Meeting 10/10/2014 Final date for CC Second Draft Meeting 11/21/2014 Posting of Second Draft for CC Ballot 12/12/2014 Final date for Receipt of CC Second Draft ballot 1/2/2015 Final date for Receipt of CC Second Draft ballot recirc 1/9/2015 Post Second Draft Report for NITMAM Review 1/16/2015 1/16/2015 Tech Session Notice of Intent to Make a Motion (NITMAM) Closing Date 3/6/2015 3/6/2015 Preparation Posting of Certified Amending Motions (CAMs) and Consent 5/1/2015 5/1/2015 Standards (& Issuance) Appeal Closing Date for Consent Standards 5/16/2015 5/16/2015 SC Issuance Date for Consent Standards 5/26/2015 5/26/2015 Tech Session Association Meeting for Standards with CAMs 6/22 25/2015 6/22 25/2015 Appeals and Appeal Closing Date for Standards with CAMs 7/15/2015 7/15/2015 Issuance SC Issuance Date for Standards with CAMs 8/20/2015 8/20/2015 Approved October 18, 2011 _ Revised March 7, 2013

10 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :07 AM Public Comment No. 5-NFPA [ Section No ] This standard shall not apply to the following: (1)* Flame effects produced solely by pyrotechnic special effects devices or pyrotechnic material (2) * Use of pyrotechnic special effects (3) * Storage of flammable solids, liquids, and gases not to be used to create flame effects (4) Hybrid flame effects (5) (6) * Nitrocellulose-based flame projectors (7) Manufacture, off-site storage, and transportation of materials and equipment used to produce flame effects (8) Use of flame effects in fire training, except where there is an audience that is not part of the training (9) * Manufacture, transportation, storage, sale, or use of model or high-power rocket motors (10) Traditional nontheatrical public display of flames such as the following: (a) Use of lighted candles in restaurants or religious services (b) Fireplaces in areas open to the public (c) Restaurant cooking visible to the patrons (d) Listed Group II flame effects (e) Flame effects used in a fireworks display (see NFPA 1123) (11) Use of consumer fireworks by the public (12) Use of motor vehicles in races or sanctioned competitive sporting events (13) * Use of ground-based effects utilizing explosives, liquid fuels, or other combustibles in air show environments Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) is suggesting the deletion of Item 4. The First Revision intends to remove hybrid flame effects from NFPA 160 and regulate them under NFPA This is inappropriate because the flame effect is the larger intended use of the effect. The pyrotechnic devise is used to trigger (or ignite) the larger event. So therefore the scope of NFPA 1126 does not reach to this larger event. See the new definition in of Hybrid Flame Effect. Also NFPA s BCDC agrees with the negative comment by Robert Bauer. His comments should also be related to the Annex section that deals with this issue. Related Item First Revision No. 5-NFPA [Section No ] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Jim Muir Organization: Building Safety Division, Clark County, Washington Affilliation: NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) Street Address: City: State:

11 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :07 AM Zip: Submittal Date: Thu May 15 14:28:13 EDT 2014

12 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :07 AM Public Comment No. 2-NFPA [ New Section after ] The AHJ shall notify the local responding fire department of the use of approved flame effects. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment It is important that the ahj notify the local fire department if a flame effect has been approved. In many jurisdictionos the AHJ is not affiliated with the FD. It is important that the FD is aware of the use of flame effect if they receive a cal to respond to that address. Related Item Public Input No. 5-NFPA [New Section after 5.2.1] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Bill Galloway Organization: Southern Regional Fire Code De Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Apr 17 15:54:43 EDT 2014

13 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :07 AM Public Comment No. 3-NFPA [ Section No ] * When required, a walk A walk -through and a representative demonstration of the flame effects shall be provided to the authority having jurisdiction before flame effects are approved. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment When flame effects will be used before an audience the fire hazard and life safety potential is so important that the walk through and representative demonstration of flame effects shall always be required. The commitee statement of "The committee disagreed that a walk through and demonstration should always be required. This should be up to the discretion of the AHJ. The AHJ shall be permitted to waive this type of requirement based on past history, prior knowledge, and other factors" The norm should be a walk through if the AHJ wishes not to have a walk throught he can do that per the equivelancy statement in chapter 1. Related Item Public Input No. 4-NFPA [New Section after 5.4] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Bill Galloway Organization: Southern Regional Fire Code De Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Apr 17 15:58:12 EDT 2014

14 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :07 AM Public Comment No. 4-NFPA [ Section No ] The evaluation in shall be coordinated with the building owner, the flame effect operator, and the authority having jurisdiction. jurisdiction and the local responding fire department.. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment A fire hazard evaluation is so important that if it is determined that it is needed the local responding fire department should be included in cases where the fire department is a separate agency than the AHJ. The committee statement states the FD should already know about the flame effect during preplanning. The AHJ is not always in the FD and the FD does not perform preplanning ever day. It may take months to years for a fire department to conduct a preplan on facilities within its jurisdiction. Related Item Public Input No. 4-NFPA [New Section after 5.4] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Bill Galloway Organization: Southern Regional Fire Code De Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Apr 17 16:01:14 EDT 2014

15 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :07 AM Public Comment No. 1-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A The AHJ should notify the local responding fire companies of use of flame efffects and should invite the local responding fire companies to witness the demonstration to familiarize them with the potential hazards involved. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment Notification is a separate act than witnessing a demonstration. Many times a demonstration may not be necessary but notification of the responding fire companies should still occur. Related Item First Revision No. 4-NFPA [Section No ] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Anthony Apfelbeck Organization: Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety Division Affilliation: N/A Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Apr 17 10:09:08 EDT 2014

16 National Fire Protection Association Report Public Comment No. 6-NFPA [ Section No ] This standard shall apply to any hybrid flame effect used before a proximate audience. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC, which is made up of building officials from across the country, does not support this change. The revision intends to add hybrid flame effects from NFPA 160 and regulate them under NFPA This is inappropriate because the flame effect is the larger intended use of the effect. The pyrotechnic devise is used to trigger (or ignite) the larger event. So therefore the scope of NFPA 1126 does not regulate this larger event. See the new definition in of Hybrid Flame Effect. We agree with the negative comment by Mr. Bauer, whose comments might be good for an Annex section. Also see our related Public Comment to NFPA 160, Public Comment #5-NFPA 160. Related Item First Revision No. 6-NFPA [New Section after 1.3.3] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Jim Muir Organization: Building Safety Division, Clark County, Washington Affilliation: NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri May 16 13:05:46 EDT 2014 of 5 10/15/ :09 AM

17 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :09 AM Public Comment No. 7-NFPA [ Section No ] * This standard shall not apply to the use of pyrotechnic devices that have been mounted on aircraft once the aircraft is airborne and operating under an FAA waiver as outlined in 14 CFR (b) or 14 CFR (c). Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) suggests deleting Section It appears that this section conflicts with section Section regulates pryrotechnics on flying aircraft appears to be an exception when 14 CFR (b) and (c) waivers are in place. These CFR sections provide altitude requirements and are not waivers. Since they are not waivers, they appear to always apply. We agree with the negative comment from Mr. Dean. Also, this information is also found within the Annex. Related Item First Revision No. 7-NFPA [New Section after ] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Jim Muir Organization: Building Safety Division, Clark County, Washington Affilliation: NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri May 16 13:19:51 EDT 2014

18 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :09 AM Public Comment No. 5-NFPA [ Section No ] Pyrotechnic materials and devices shall be supervised, except where they are secured or inaccessible in a manner approved by the AHJ. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment The commitee states that securing fireworks as already addressed in many sections. The issue is practice vs reality when fireworks are no longer in storage and out waiting to be prepared for shooting. Many times they are left open and unsecure for others to have access to. Related Item Public Input No. 4-NFPA [Section No ] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Bill Galloway Organization: Southern Regional Fire Code De Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Apr 17 13:25:51 EDT 2014

19 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :09 AM Public Comment No. 8-NFPA [ Section No ] * A When required by the AHJ, a walk-through and a representative demonstration of the pyrotechnics shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction before a permit is approved. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) suggests this should be at the descretion of the AHJ. This should also be coordinated with NFPA 160, Public Input #4, section Related Item First Revision No. 12-NFPA [Section No ] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Jim Muir Organization: Building Safety Division, Clark County, Washington Affilliation: NFPA's Building Code Development Committee (BCDC) Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri May 16 13:25:31 EDT 2014

20 National Fire Protection Association Report of /15/ :09 AM Public Comment No. 4-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A The AHJ should invite notify the local responding fire companies of the use of pyrotechnics before a proximate audience and should also invite the local responding fire companies to witness the demonstration so they are familiar with the potential hazards involved. Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment Notification of an event is different from witnessing a demonstration. Many times a demonstration may not be necessary but the local responding companies should still be notified so they know the activity is occurring. Related Item First Revision No. 12-NFPA [Section No ] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Anthony Apfelbeck Organization: Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety Division Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Apr 17 10:17:33 EDT 2014

21 Hybrid Flame Effect Task Group NFPA Technical Committee on Special Effects Darryl Marmon, Task Group Chair Task Group Meeting of 05/29/2014, Las Vegas, NV Possible Code Language Revisited First revision No. 5-NFPA NFPA (4) Hybrid flame effects I. Revisions proposed to be made in NFPA 160 Chapter 1 Administration 1.3 Application This standard shall apply to the following: (6) That portion or component of any hybrid flame effect that utilizes fuels, materials, devices, and methodologies governed by this standard. Chapter 3 Definitions 3.3 General Definitions Flame Effect Material. Any solid, liquid or gas fuel, or combination thereof, that requires the addition of oxygen in order to initiate and maintain combustion * Flame Effect Systems, Classifications 3.3xx* Hybrid Flame Effect. For the purpose of this standard, a hybrid flame effect is a flame effect that complies with this standard and is used in combination with a pyrotechnic material or device that complies with NFPA Chapter 5 Permit and Approval Requirements and Terms of Installation 5.2 Approval Requirements Approval Requirements

22 That portion of the hybrid flame effect that is governed by NFPA 160 shall meet all of the requirements of NFPA 160. That portion of the hybrid flame effect that is governed by NFPA 1126 shall meet all of the requirements of NFPA When the standards impose different requirements, the most stringent requirement shall be the one used, unless otherwise approved by the AHJ Approval of Flame Effect Plan In addition to meeting the requirements of and , above, flame effect plans for hybrid flame effects shall clearly indicate the lines of division between the jurisdiction of NFPA 160 and NFPA 1126 that govern the use of each material or device used in the hybrid effect and, if so required by the AHJ, cite or state the requirements imposed on such use by that standard. Chapter 8 Flame Effect Operator 8.1* Operator Qualifications Hybrid Flame Effects Operator. Subject to the approval of the AHJ, nothing in this standard shall prevent a properly licensed and Approved pyrotechnic operator, who meets the requirements of and from acting in the additional capacity of flame operator during the use and operation of hybrid flame effects that meet the requirements of this standard. Annex A Explanatory Material A Hybrid Flame Effect 1. Flame effects that use any of the fuels allowed by this standard, but are initiated or directly ignited by means of a pyrotechnic device are a common example of a hybrid flame effect. One example of this configuration is a flame effect that uses a pyrotechnic device or igniter to provide the initial flame to light a supervised pilot burner, which, when ignited, can be then proven by a conventional flame safeguard or other means. Often this hybrid configuration is used where the pilot burner is in and/or around water or spray, and conventional ignition means have been determined to be unreliable or to utilize voltages or currents that provide a risk of hazard to persons in and around the water. In other instances, this configuration might be used for added reliability, operational integration or simply for convenience, In any of these instances, the pyrotechnic igniter is used under the requirements of NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience and is installed, maintained and operated by a Pyrotechnic Operator meeting the requirements of both NFPA 1126 and the AHJ. The flame effect itself, regardless of the fuel it uses, is designed, installed, and maintained to meet the requirements of NFPA 160, Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience and operated by a Flame Effect Operator also meeting the requirements of both NFPA 160 and the AHJ.

23 2. A second example of a hybrid flame effect is one that utilizes a combustible dust, initially aerosolized and propelled out the end of the burner nozzle by a charge of compressed air and ignited as it passes through a field of burning metal sparks generated by yet another pyrotechnic device. Dust or powder fuel is an acceptable flame effect material under this standard. What triggers the classification of this effect as a hybrid flame effect is that the pyrotechnic ignition device(s) fall under the purview of NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience. (Note that if a gas pilot burner or even a burning brand were used to ignite the a aerosolized powder, this flame effect would not be considered as hybrid and would fall entirely under the scope of NFPA 160.) 3. Another spectacular and often used flame effect, one that is typically limited to outdoor use, utilizes flammable or combustible liquid as a fuel, which would is an acceptable flame effect material under this standard. The fuel is held contained in a non-porous bag, and placed inside a suitable open topped container, which serves as a mortar or burner nozzle. Upon firing, the liquid is freed from the bag, lifted from the barrel and aerosolized by means of a substantial black powder lifting charge. A second pyrotechnic device may or may not be used to ensure ignition of the fuel at the mouth of the container. What causes this effect to be classified as a Hybrid Flame Effect is that the aerosolizing and igniting charges fall under the purview of NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience or, depending upon the particular composition and quantity of the charge in use, possibly NFPA 495: Explosive Materials Code. Additionally, the storage and/or handling of the liquid fuel would be governed by the requirements of NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. (Note that if a compressed air charge was used to aerosolize the liquid and a gas fired pilot burner or even a burning brand was used to ignite the aerosol, this flame effect would not be considered as hybrid and would fall entirely under the scope of NFPA 160.) NFPA 1126 III. Proposed revisions to be made in NFPA 1126 Chapter 1 Administration 1.3 Application Application to the Entertainment Industry This standard shall apply to any portion or component of any hybrid flame effect that utilizes materials, devices, and methodologies governed by this standard * This standard shall not apply to the use of flame effect materials as defined in NFPA 160, Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience.

24 Chapter 3 Definitions 3.3 General Definitions 3.3.xx * Hybrid Flame Effect. For the purpose of this standard, a hybrid flame effect is a flame effect that complies with NFPA 160 and is used in combination with a pyrotechnic material or device that complies with this standard * Pyrotechnic Material (Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material). A chemical mixture that contains sufficient oxygen or oxidizing agent required to initiate or maintain combustion and is used in the entertainment industry to produce visible or audible effects by combustion, deflagration, or detonation. [1124, 2006]. Chapter 6 Permit Requirements and Operator Qualifications 6.2 Pyrotechnics Plans Hybrid Flame Effects shall meet the requirements of this standard or NFPA 160. That portion of the hybrid flame effect that is governed by NFPA 1126 shall meet all of the requirements of NFPA That portion of the hybrid flame effect that is governed by NFPA 160 shall meet all of the requirements of NFPA 160. When the standards impose different requirements, the most stringent requirement shall be the one used, unless otherwise approved by the AHJ. 6.3 Content of Plans In addition to meeting the requirements of and above, flame effect plans for hybrid flame effects shall clearly indicate the lines of division between the jurisdiction of NFPA 1126 and NFPA 160 that govern the use of each material or device used in the hybrid effect and, if so required by the AHJ, cite or state the requirements imposed on such use by that standard. 6.5* Qualifications of Operators and Assistants Subject to the approval of the AHJ, nothing in this standard shall prevent a properly licensed and Approved pyrotechnic operator, who meets the requirements of 6.5.1, and from acting in the additional capacity of flame operator during the use and operation of hybrid flame effects that meet the requirements of this standard. Annex A Explanatory Material A For information on the use of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, or combinations thereof, in the entertainment industry, see NFPA 160, Standard for the Use of Flame Effects

25 Before an Audience. For information on flammable and combustible liquids, see NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. For information on storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases, see NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage Use and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases. For information on the installation of fuel gas piping systems and equipment, see NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code. A Pyrotechnic materials are a class of energetic materials that evolve large amounts of heat. Combustion, deflagration, or the detonation of energetic materials is an exothermic redox reaction that is self-sustaining after an initial activating energy has been applied. A distinguishing characteristic of energetic materials is that all (or almost B. all) of the oxygen or oxidizing agent required to initiate, propagate, maintain or accelerate the reaction is contained within the chemical composition of the material, whether as part of the compound, such as nitrocellulose, or as a finely divided mixture of discreet fuels and oxidants, such as aluminum (fuel) and ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer).

26 Change Annex A to read as follows: A Flame Effect Systems, Classifications. Examples of flame effects are as follows: (1) Group I. When used to give the illusion of danger to a performer, the use of Hhand-held burning torches, cigarette lighters, candles, matches, and lighting paper in an ashtray, jugglers burning batons, fire rings that are jumped through, and other fire effects that other fire effects that have the illusion of danger to a performerare not included in another flame effect group. (2) Group II. Unattended torches, burning urns, and small fires. (3) Group III. An attended, temporarily installed Eeffects used by traveling shows and concerts and effects used for limited-duration special events, such as the Olympics. This group also includes a traveling entertainment event that plays various venues, such as (but not limited to) circuses, operas, musicals, stage plays, trade shows, or corporate events. This group effect also includes a non-traveling entertainment event that plays a single venue. (4) Group IV. A burning cabin or bonfire and large single or multiple flaming brazier entrance features used to create a theme atmosphere. A stand-alone-type flame effect control system without any significant control supervision by a main show control system is used. (5) Group V. A simulated building or vehicle explosion that is part of a larger theme-type attraction. The flame effect control system is totally dedicated to the operation of the flame effect elements. The flame effect control system maintains all its internal safety features, with the interface between the flame effect control system and the main show control system limited to those commands and status indicators that cannot alter or override the flame supervisory system control logic. (6) Group VI. A live-action stunt show that is part of a larger theme-type attraction. The flame effect control system is totally dedicated to the operation of the flame effect elements. The flame effect control system maintains all its internal safety features, with the interface between the flame effect control system and the main show control system limited to those commands and status indicators that cannot alter or override the flame supervisory system control logic. (7) Group VII. A fire created as part of an illusion used to make an item or individual disappear. See Table A for a list of features included in each flame effect group. Supporting statement: This proposed change to the annex is not intended to cause any technical changes to the document but is solely intended to clarify and reinforce the technical provision of the standard. As currently written, the description and examples in A (1) for Group 1 flame effects has been the basis for literally interpreting and applying a permit requirement upon productions even when only a single candle or use of lighters by performers is incorporated as part of a live stage production before an audience when the illusion of danger is not readily apparent or present. While many examples may be cited, one example is the use of Zippo lighters in the stage production of Stomp. During a period of the show, the rhythmic opening and closing of the Zippo lighters, along

27 with the sound of operating the spark wheel, by a group of performers is incorporated in the production during a darkened period of the show. The danger to performers is not readily present or apparent. Comparatively speaking, the presence of danger to a performer is inherent when juggling burning batons or jumping through burning hoops. The proposed change first qualifies the examples listed in the annex section by first saying the use of the devices must give the illusion of danger to the performers. Granted, it can be said the proposed change is subjective and interpretive, that it will cause AHJs to have to evaluate each use on the projection of whether or not danger to the performer is present. That may be the more appropriate course of action as opposed to simply listing everything at all times as a Group I effect, particularly when the illusion of danger is not present. The proposed change to Group III effects is simply to emphasize and reiterate the effect is one that uses installed equipment, is temporary, attended and is time limited in its use. While the proposed changes are intended to clarify and make distinct the differences between Group 1 and other flame effect groups, it is recognized that traveling shows may frequently use multiple groups of flame effects.