Fire Detection with Image Processing and PIR Sensor

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Siene n Engineering Investigtions vol. 1, issue 4, My 2012 ISSN: Fire Detetion with Imge Proessing n PIR Sensor Amj Chmnkr 1, Ssn Mohmmi 2, Mohmm Jmshiin 3 1,2 Islmi Az University South Tehrn Brnh 3 Shhroo University of Tehnology ( 1 st hmnkr@z..ir, 2 s_mohmmi@z..ir, 3 pmel_or@yhoo.om) Astrt- The present pper is ime t "fire etetion" with imge proessing for eteting the fire n use PIR sensor to etet the temperture to e sure it. All times environment proess n every signs of fire survey just with orinry mer with minimum two meg pixel resolution like seurity mer or even moile mer n with knowing its position, fire extinguisher on there. Also with proess the olor of the flme n know fire mteril. With ollting these two wys (imge proessing n PIR sensor using) we n reue errors in fire eteting proess with less ost n more ury. Keywors- Fire; fire etetion; flme; PIR sensor. I. INTRODUCTION Nowys we n see fire lrm systems everywhere. The min ie of most of them is sensing smoke or temperture or proess the environment with IR mers [1], [6]. Although the smoke sensor provies rpi response time, it hs high flselrm rtes. In ontrst, the temperture sensor provies more relile responses ut with slow response times [6]. So in [6] smoke n temperture sensor n in [7], [9] multi sensor propose. In orer to ope with these prolems, reserh on vieo-se fire etetion (VFD) hs Strte in the eginning of this entury [11]. The metho in [3], [10], [12] is imge proessing. Although it hs een shown tht orinry vieo promises goo fire etetion n nlysis results, vision-se etetors still suffer from signifint mount of misse etetions n flse lrms [11]. Reently, to voi the isvntges of visul sensors, the use of time-of-flight (TOF) imging is strte to e explore. TOF mers re reltively new innovtion ple of proviing three-imensionl t from single sensor [11]. TOF or IR mers re expensive n they re not in esy ess everywhere. So we eie to use the olltion of two wys, etet flmes in vieo y proessing the t generte y n orinry mer monitoring sene n to ignore errors use PIR sensor. At first we stuy on proess of flme n its motions. Fire hs olor n movement n these re goo to fin it with mer n lso flme hs high temperture n it's goo for e sure it. Metho in [4] is using olor nlysis n in [3] In ition to orinry motion n olor lues, flme n fire fliker is etete y nlyzing the vieo in wvelet omin. At first we get piture from the mer n proess it to fin the sign of flme, if it oserve so hek the temperture with PIR sensor. It is shown in Fig1. For ontent this sujet we test it in ifferent ples with ifferent onitions tht we h goo results n we etet it t the strt of the fire. You n stuy our result in this pper. In ft we etet fire t the first of its flme. Figure 1: System working lok igrm Cmer: one orinry mer with minimum two meg pixel resolution. This projet teste with moile mer n seurity mer. Imge proessing: Proessor for proess imge n vieo, tht with onnet the mer to it, it proess the flme signs. It n e omputer or ARM9 or upper proessor. In this projet we use omputer. Miro Controller: proessor for onneting imge proessing system to PIR sensor n sen signl to lrm system in hi temperture. 24

2 II. IMAGE PROCESSING For etet the fire with imge proessing there re some methos. In this pper we use olor n movement of the flme to etet the fire. After tht tke photo from mer, get the fire olor filter n smooth filter on the imge to fin sign of flme. In this step we test ifferent fire olor to hve the est result n with this olors we n now wht mteril is fire. If the flme oserve, we test the movement of the flme. 2.1 In imge proessing t first tke photo: CvCreteCmerCpture 2.2 hnge it to piture mtrix: CvQueryFrme Seprting ll pixels to their RGB olors. 2.3 Get opy from piture for severl proesses. 2.4 Orgnizing the olor of the flme to etet mteril of the fire. 2.5 Filter the imge olor: Constnt Fireolor (RFC,GFC,BFC) ; V offset; // offset For All pixel in Imge DO { } If (R pixel - V offset <RFC< R pixel + V offset && G pixel - V offset <GFC< G pixel + V offset && B pixel - V offset <BFC< B pixel + V offset) Set pixel =white; Else set pixel = lk; Get filter in ll of the pixels n with this filter ll pixels tht re in the fire olor rnge will e white n other pixels will e lk. Also with regulting the olor rnges it is possile to fin mteril of the fire. In this projet we on t hve this lignment. 2.6 Do smooth filter to hve etter resolution: CvSmooth Strengthen white pixels with 'Gussin smoothing' or 'Gussin lur'. A Gussin lur (lso known s Gussin smoothing) is the result of lurring n imge y Gussin funtion. It is wiely use effet in grphis softwre, typilly to reue imge noise n reue etil. The Gussin istriution in 1-D hs the form: Figure 2. 1-D Gussin istriution with men 0 n σ =1 In 2-D, n isotropi (i.e. irulrly symmetri) Gussin hs the form: This istriution is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. 2-D Gussin istriution with men (0, 0) n σ =1 The ie of Gussin smoothing is to use this 2-D istriution s `point-spre' funtion, n this is hieve y onvolution. Sine the imge is store s olletion of isrete pixels we nee to proue isrete pproximtion to the Gussin funtion efore we n perform the onvolution. In theory, the Gussin istriution is non-zero everywhere, whih woul require n infinitely lrge onvolution kernel, ut in prtie it is effetively zero more thn out three stnr evitions from the men, n so we n trunte the kernel t this point. 2.7 Do "Contour Fining" or "Component Leling" to etet the flme. It's etter to use Contour Fining. Interntionl Journl of Siene n Engineering Investigtions, Volume 1, Issue 4, My

3 2.8 If with these filtering fire etete we testing fire movement: DrwOptFlowMp previmg =preview imge, nextimg =next imge previmg(x;y) nextimg(flow(x;y)[0];flow(x;y)[1]) lso in figure 5 tht we i testing t night, with olor () n smooth () filtering, flme n e oserve n movement testing () show the flme. In other wor: Divie imge to segments[n]; For (ll of segments of imge/*from 0 - n */) Vetor[i]=prevImg.segment[i]-nextImg.segment[i]; Fin Mximum (vetor [i])//hve movement in segment[i]; 2.9 If flme in't hs movement go to first. First we teste the system in the open ple with norml wether with moile mer with two meg pixel resolution. There re smples of imge proessing to fin the flme tht one of them is t y n the other one is t night: In figure 4 shown tht t y t outoor with mximum sunshine fter olor filtering in () pixels of flme re white n with smooth filtering in () we hve goo sign of flme n in () movement testing show the flme simper. Figure 5. Smple of imge proessing to fin the flme t night in outoor.. fire piture. olor filter. smooth filter. movement test. If it h movement go to mesure temperture with PIR sensor. Figure 4. Smple of imge proessing to fin the flme t y in outoor.. fire piture. olor filter. smooth filter. movement test. III. PIR SENSOR A regulr mer or typil IR flme sensors hve fire etetion rnge of 30 meters. The etetion rnge of PIR sensor se system is 5 meters ut this is enough to over most rooms with high eilings. Therefore, PIR se systems provie ost-effetive solution to the fire etetion prolem in reltively lrge rooms s the unit ost of mer se system or regulr IR sensor se system is in the orer of one thousn ollrs.[1] In this pper the PIR sensor t is use to istinguish the flme fliker from the motion of humn eing like running or wlking. Typilly the PIR signl frequeny of osilltion for flikering flme is higher thn tht of PIR signls use y moving hot oy [1]. We use "MLX90614" smll size n low ost infrre thermometer for non-ontt temperture mesurements. Its rnge is -70 to 380 C for ojet temperture [13]. The orresponing iruit for pturing n nlog signl output is shown in Fig 6. Interntionl Journl of Siene n Engineering Investigtions, Volume 1, Issue 4, My

4 Use this iruit to work with sensor, n when mer etets sign of flme we re t from sensor n ompre its temperture with our si stnr t. In this projet use "AVR tmeg16" to get sensor t n sening lrms. In this iruit we use it with SMus moel n reeive t with i2. Figure 6 Figure 7: Testing system in offie t y with seurity mer (Cmpion CN-749HS) n PIR sensor.. fire piture. olor filter. smooth filter. movement test. IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 1) System teste in ifferent ples with severl onitions n mterils. System etete the fire less thn 10 seon from eginning it n triggers n lrm when fire is etete with mer n within the viewing rnge of the PIR sensor. Inore n in less istne it etete fster. These results shown in tle 1. 2) In 100 fire test. It etete the fire in 97 times ut in 3 times it h flse lrm in open ple euse of istne n hevy sunshine. Results shown in tle 2. Ple testing Offie Outoor Grge Lirtory TABLE 1. Results of system test in ifferent ples. Time of Time of Fire imge sensor istne etet etet (meter) (seon) (seon) In tle 1 shown the verge of eteting time. Totl time (seon) TABLE 2. Test results in ifferent ples. Fire Test Sequenes Non-Fire Test Sequenes Numer of true lrms 97 Numer of flse lrms 3 0 The system triggers n lrm when fire is etete with mer within the viewing rnge of the PIR sensor. In figure 7 n 8 results of offie test re shown. In pitures, steps of imge proessing re seen n fter eteting the flme, PIR sensor fter mesuring 60º sen the lrm pulse. This is possile to trigger lrm system with nother egree n we hoose this vlue with experiene n it's epening on environment. Figure 8: Testing system in offie t night with seurity mer (Cmpion CN-749HS) n PIR sensor.. fire piture. olor filter. smooth filter. movement test. V. CONCLUSION From the reserh tht hs een one, it is possile to uil fire etetion system se on vieo proessing orinry mer t n PIR sensor with high ury performne. One of the vntge of this projet is, in imge proessing with orinry mer mye person with fire olor ress etet Also using TOF mer is expensive, ut with temperture testing, lrm system on t trigger. Results shown tht omintion this two metho hve no risk for inoor n 97% seure for outoor. This is goo wy with the lest ost. Interntionl Journl of Siene n Engineering Investigtions, Volume 1, Issue 4, My

5 REFERENCES [1] B. U gur T oreyin, E. Birey Soyer, Ony Urflıo glu, n A. Enis C etin " FLAME DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ONWAVELET ANALYSIS OF PIR SENSOR SIGNALS WITH AN HMM DECISION MECHANISM" in 16th Europen Signl Proessing Conferene,2008. [2] B. Ugur T oreyin, Yigithn Deeoglu, A. Enis C etin " FLAME DETECTION IN VIDEO USING HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS" Bilkent University, TR Bilkent, Ankr, Turkey,2005. [3] Yigithn Deeoglu, B. Ugur T oreyin, Ugur G u uky, A. Enis C etin " REAL-TIME FIRE AND FLAME DETECTION IN VIDEO", Bilkent University, TR Bilkent, Ankr, Turkey,2004. [4] Wen-Bing Homg, Jim-Wen Peng, n Chih-Yun Chen " A New Imge- Bse Rel-Time Flme Detetion Metho Using Color Anlysis" 2005, IEEE. [5] B. Ugur Toreyin, E.Birey Soyer, Ony Urjlzoglu, A. Enis C;etin" Flme Detetion Using PIR Sensors" 2008, IEEE. [6] Jimin Cheon, Jeonghwn Lee, Inhee Lee, Youngheol Che, Youngsin Yoo, n Gunhee Hn " A Single-Chip CMOS Smoke n Temperture Sensor for n Intelligent Fire Detetor" in IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 9, NO. 8, AUGUST [7] Hiing Hu Gng Wng Qixing Zhng Jinjun Wng Jun Fng Yongming Zhng " Design Wireless Multi-sensor Fire Detetion n Alrm System Bse on ARM" in The Ninth Interntionl Conferene on Eletroni Mesurement & Instruments, [8] Mgy Knil, My Slm, Smi Rsh " Fire Detetion Using Dynmilly Develope. Neurl Network" 52n Interntionl Symposium ELMAR [9] Chen Xiojun, Bu Leping " Reserh of Fire etetion Metho Bse on Multi-sensor Dt Fusion" 2010,IEEE. [10] Jenifer.P "Effetive Visul Fire Detetion in Vieo Sequenes Using Proilisti Approh" PROCEEDINGS OF ICETECT [11] Steven Verstokt, Pieterjn De Potter, Sofie Vn Hoeke, Peter Lmert, Rik Vn e Wlle "MULTI-SENSOR FIRE DETECTION USING VISUAL AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT IMAGING" 2011, IEEE. [12] Tjokor Agung Bui W., Iping Suprin Suwri "Fire Alrm System Bse-on Vieo Proessing" in Interntionl Conferene on Eletril Engineering n Informtis, [13] MLX90614 fmily tsheet, Melexis Co , Rev 006, Septemer Amj Chmnkr mehtroni & rooti engineering, M.s stuent Islmi Az University South Tehrn Brnh (e-mil: st hmnkr@z..ir). Dr. Ssn Mohmmi,mehtroni & mehnil engineering Engineering fulty, Islmi Az University South Tehrn Brnh, (e-mil: s_mohmmi@z..ir). Mohmm Jmshiin, IT engineering, Shhroo university of tehnology (e-mil: pmel_or@yhoo.om ). Interntionl Journl of Siene n Engineering Investigtions, Volume 1, Issue 4, My