Design of Novel Fire Rescue System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

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Sensors & Trnsducers 2013 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportl.

1 Sensors & Trnsducers 2013 by IFSA Design of ovel Fire Rescue System Bsed on Wireless Sensor etwork Qinghui Wng, e Jin, Lifeng Wei, Ansong Feng School of Informtion Engineering, Shenyng University of Chemicl Technology, , Chin E-mil: qinghuiwng8008@163.com Received: 7 August 2013 /Accepted: 25 September 2013 /Published: 31 October 2013 Abstrct: This document presents n innovtive system for the trditionl ir respirtor used for fire rescue. This system took dvntge of the Micro-Electro-Mechnicl Systems inertil ccelertion sensor to supervise the rel time posture of the personnel, conducted the pressure mesurement by replcing the mechnicl wtch with electronic pressure trnsmitter, nd trnsferred the residul ertion to the helmet nd hndheld instrument of the tem members with 433 MHz wireless sensor network. The hndheld collected the informtion, nd sent it to the remote commnd center through the telecom Generl Pcket Rdio Service network. The mngement softwre cn chieve the rel-time informtion from the firemen. The system hs gret significnce in rel ppliction, which gurntees the life sfety of the firemen to gret degree, nd chnges the sitution in which ech firemn is n informtion isolted islnd. Copyright 2013 IFSA. Keywords: Fire rescue, Positive pressure respirtor, Wireless sensor network, Inertil ccelertion sensor, GPRS. 1. Introduction Fire is mjor cuse of humn suffering nd mteril loss. At present, the informtiztion of fire-fighting pprtus hs lredy become trend [1, 2]. Although the positive pressure respirtor enjoys gret development, for instnce, the comfort degree of the msk, the strength of the gs bottle, etc. its system is still the mechnicl structure, which cnnot detect the vitl signs of the firefighters, or send the informtion of the firefighter to the fire-fighting commnd center, the firefighter is still the informtion isolted islnd. In recent yers, some of the ir respirtors hve been electronized, such s MSA [3], ISI [4], etc. but it cn only trnsmit such informtion, like the pressure of the ir bottle nd if the humn is motionless. The firefighter is still mechnicl wtch, without knowing the time tht the gs bottle cn lsts, the on-spot temperture, etc. Menwhile, since those products trnsmit informtion to the fire-control commnd vehicle, the fire-control commnd center cnnot red the informtion. Moreover, due to the limited wireless trnsmission distnce, the relibility of the informtion trnsmitted under complicted environment cnnot be gurnteed. A DTI funded project Secure Adhoc Fire &Emergency sfety ETwork (SfetyET) provides n informtion infrstructure to enble buildings, firefighters, fire tenders, nd their control centre to efficiently communicte during nturl or mnmde dissters by using sensor networks, wireless communictions [5]. However SfetyET need to be instlled in the building in dvnce, this cn t meet ll the condition. The wireless sensor network hve been pplied to in fire rescue field, but only used to humnitrin Serch nd nvigtion [6, 7]. Compred to the trditionl ir respirtor, novel fire rescue system bsed on wireless sensor network presented in this pper. The system wer in the body of firemn, nd bottom lyer comprises robust 168 Article number P_1407

2 wireless sensor network. All the components communicte with ech other depending on it hs the following dvntges: The hndheld wtch of the firefighter cn monitor the environment, while the ir bottle cn provide brething time. LED gs disply hs been dded into the brething msk, the firefighters cn red the pressure of the ir bottle. Vibrtion lrm hs been dded into the msk, so tht when the sound-light lrm cnnot be discovered under complicted on-spot environment, the vibrtor cn be used for lrm to remind the firefighter of withdrwl. The posture detection for the firefighters bsed on EMS inertil device hs been dded, which cn not only detect the sttic nd moving stte, but lso detect the posture of the firefighters. 2. System Structure This system consists of four prts, including the multi-level mngement system, the portble wireless monitor worn by the firefighters, residul gs disply in the helmet nd lrm module, s well s positive ir respirtor. The overll design scheme is shown s follows: 1) The interfce of the upper computer is designed with Lbview, from which the code of the firefighter, the ffordble service time of the respirtor, s well s the posture cn be seen. It cn not only set the network scle, lrm limit, etc. but lso disply the rel-time sttus informtion of the firefighters, which cn monitor the stte of the firefighters, nd conduct the centrlized disptching for the firefighters ccording to the informtion. 2) Wireless monitor nd helmet residul gs disply, s well s the lrm module employ the dvnced electronic design technology, with the function of wireless communiction nd lrm. It cn receive the commnd nd disptch order in the fire scene, send the sound-light lrm signl nd vibrtion lrm, monitor the sttus informtion of both the firefighters nd ir bottle, nd generte corresponding lrm informtion, which will be trnsmitted to the commnd mngement system in GPRS. 3) The pluggble lbel is employed to relize one mn one lbel, so tht one set of equipment cn be shred by severl people, nd it cn correspond to the personnel s long s inserting the lbel equipment. 4) The intelligent positive pressure ir respirtor is dded with pressure sensor nd wireless trnsmission to improve the rescue efficiency. 5) The wireless communiction of this system cn be divided into two prts: ) Equipment conducts the short-distnce communiction through 433MHZ wireless. b) GPRS is dopted s the ir interfce between the firefighters nd commnd center, which covers huge re with stble nd relible link nd fst ccess speed, nd provides the semless connections with the current dt. 6) Low-power design. In the softwre design, the trnsmitting terminl will set the chip into sleep mode before lunch, nd send fter the time is up. The receiving end will enter the sleep mode fter receiving. The receiving mode should be opened bout one second before the lunch terminl, nd it will enter the sleep mode fter finishing receiving. The system structure digrm is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. System structure digrm. 2. Hrdwre Design 2.1. Portble Wireless Monitor Anlysis of the system demnds. Since it is portble instrument, its power consumption should be considered t first, nd it should be low-powerconsumption MCU. Due to the wireless communiction, it would be better if it integrtes the wireless communiction module. As result, the CC430 chip of TI Compny hs been selected [8]. GRPS module dopts the EGSM900 of Huwei Compny, which is smll in volume, light in weight, with embedded TCP/IP nd PPP protocol, nd convenient for system design. The mesurement of posture dopts the ADXL345 s the trixil ccelerometer to mesure the posture [9]. ADXL345 cn mesure ccelertion s high s±16 g, nd its 169

3 resolution rtio is s high s 13 bits. The chip requires low voltge, low power consumption nd high precision, nd it supports I2C nd SPI communiction model, provides self-updted function, nd is quite pplicble for the mobile portble instrument. Temperture sensor employs the common DS18B20, the stff number record employs the E2ROM nd 24C02, the LCD disply employs the oki 5110 LCD module. Since the internl chip of the power should be 3.3 V, the RT8009 is selected s the 3.3 V constnt-voltge chip. As the portble design, the externl power supply dopts the chrgeble 4800 mah lithium bttery Intelligent Positive Pressure Respirtor Module Just like the MCU of portble wireless monitor, it lso dopts the CC430. The pressure sensor dopts the HM2600, whose sensor response time is smller thn 2 ms, pressure mesurement rnge reches 0~40 MP nd working current is smller thn 5 ma. The pressure sensor is digitl sensor, outputting PWM wve, which is convenient for the design nd connection to the MCU Helmet Disply nd Alrm Module MCU lso employs CC430. In order to reduce the volume nd power consumption, 6 LED lights re used to disply the residul gs in the respirtor. Menwhile, vibrtor hs been dded to prevent the situtions in which the firefighter cnnot discover the udible nd visul lrm, nd it cn lrm the firefighters with its vibrtion. 3. Algorithm Implementtion 3.1. Humn Posture Judgment As shown in Fig. 2, the humn posture coordinte cn be seen. When people stnd up, grvittionl ccelertion G will be generted in Z xis due to the erth grvity, s shown by the blck coordinte in Fig. 2. When people incline, s shown by the red coordinte in Fig. 2, new grvittionl ccelertion G1 will be mesured in the new Z xis. According to the mechnics principle, it cn be clculted tht: G 1 = G cosθ, (1) θ = rccos( G1 / G), (2) Owning to the grvittionl ccelertion g, G = g, G1 cn be mesured in rel time with the trixil ccelerometer. Therefore, the inclined ngleθ cn be clculted. When θ is greter thn pre-set vlue, it cn be deemed tht the firemen hve lredy fllen down. In order to void the misjudgment, when θ is greter thn pre-set vlue nd lsts for 10 seconds, lrm will be sent, suggesting tht the firemen hve lredy fllen down nd rescue is needed Humn Motion Judgment Humn motion nd stillness cn be judged in two wys. One is judged by SVM (signl vector mgnitude): SVM = + y + x z, (3) When people stys still, SVM is bout g, nd when people move, SVM is bout 1.5 g. Therefore, pproprite threshold vlue cn be set to judge if people re in sttic or motion stte. The other method is tht when people wlking, the g in Z xis will experience periodicl chnges, nd when keeping still, the ccelertion will be round g. In this system, since it only needs to judge if the firemen fll down, nd in order to increse the ccelertion, the second method will be dopted for judgment Clcultion of the Remining Time for Respirtor Before the experiment, the ir bottle hs been demrcted by the professionl mnufcturers, nd mechnicl pressure guge is dopted s reference for the output of electronic pressure trnsmitter. The lgorithm ccurcy of residul gs nd vilble time cn be verified through constnt decompression nd by recording the pressure dt nd time spent. The clcultion formul for the gs volume cn be clculted s follows: V r = 0.9* C P, (4) Fig. 2. Coordinte of humn. T = 10* V c / V, (5) 170

4 where Vr is the residul gs in the ir bottle, C is the ir bottle volume, P is the working pressure of the ir bottle, T is the remining time, V c is the current gs volume, nd V is the ir consumption in 10 s. In order to increse the stbility of the ir consumption in 10 seconds, the filtering is set s: 4 V ( n) = ( V + V ( n k)) / 5, (6) c k = 1 where, Vc is the gs consumption in the current 10 seconds. 4. Softwre Design 4.1. Firewre Design The lower computer softwre design mkes use of IAR to crry out the C lnguge progrmming for three different modules, nd the design thought is shown s follows: 1) Considering the convenience for mintining the equipment nd generlity of the equipment, the ddress nd frequency rnge of one wireless device will not be fixed. Owning to the interference of different equipment, the uto-mtch method is employed. The 16 ddress nd frequency bnds of CC430 will be llocted rndomly. Therefore, the conflict probbility of the two devices is: 1 /(16 * 2 16) = 1/ , (7) The function s the vilble brething time, pressure of the respirtor, on-spot temperture, humn posture nd systemtic time cn be displyed. There is n lrm light on the left bottom, nd it will flicker for lrming if there re ny ccidents. Strt System Initiliztion Wireless chnnels nd ddress mtch According to the mtching chnnel nd ddress,initilize the wireless, then turn on the timer GPRS Initiliztion Reds nd displys the pressure vlue Bttery indictor button is pressed Turn on timer Arrivl regulr time Off timer, open the receive mode Dt received complete Close reception mode GPRS sends dt Request electricity send Bttery disply Bttery indictor button is pressed Fig. 3. Progrm chrt of the portble wireless monitor. Since the trnsmitting power is limited within 1 meter, it gurntees tht the equipment is free from ech other s interference. 2) Due to the instntneity of the dt trnsmission, s well s the dvntges of UDP protocol, low energy consumption nd fst processing speed, the trnsmission between GPRS module dopts the UDP protocol. 3) Low power design. Integrting the on-spot sitution nd powerconsumption of the firemen, the system will send dt every 10 seconds. The progrm chrt of the portble wireless monitor is shown in Fig. 3, the progrm chrt of the intelligent positive pressure respirtor module is shown in Fig. 4, nd the progrm chrt of the helmet disply nd lrm module progrm is shown in Fig Mngement Softwre Design The upper computer softwre is developed with Lbview [10]. According to the chrcteristics of Lbview, it mkes use of the imging lnguge design interfce, dt processing nd lgorithm to write the dynmic link librry through VC++. The softwre interfce compiled is shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 4. Progrm chrt of the intelligent positive pressure respirtor module. 171

5. Test nd Conclusion The mechnicl pressure guge is round 8.

pressure tnk is 8.31 MP, the vilble time is 15.

It cn be seen from the posture figure tht the firemn flls down, nd the

Bsed on the complete nlysis of the current sitution of domestic nd

technology development trend, switchble positive pressure respirtor is

intelligentized s the formtion of on-spot informtion node s well s the

networking, chnging the sitution in which ech firemn is n informtion

The system hs gret significnce in rel ppliction, which gurntees the

Progrm chrt of the helmet disply nd lrm module progrm. Fig. 6.

Lrry Digney, Appliction of Telemetry Technology in Air Respirtor of the

The 15 th Interntionl Fire Fighting Apprtus nd Technicl Exchnge

Respirtor for Fire Control, Fire Technique nd Products Informtion,

fire protection nd emergency responses, Mesurement nd Control, Vol.

Shen Li, Andong Zhn, Efficient Emergency Rescue vigtion with Wireless

5 5. Test nd Conclusion The mechnicl pressure guge is round 8.3MP in this test, s shown in the test results of upper computer interfce in Fig. 6. It cn be seen from the mngement softwre tht the pressure of the pressure tnk is 8.31 MP, the vilble time is minutes, nd the on-spot temperture is 27 C. It cn be seen from the posture figure tht the firemn flls down, nd the lrm strts to flicker. Bsed on the complete nlysis of the current sitution of domestic nd foreign positive pressure respirtor nd combined with the future technology development trend, switchble positive pressure respirtor is proposed s the key equipment, which will be informtionized nd intelligentized s the formtion of on-spot informtion node s well s the intelligent rescue system for the site nd ech level of commnd centrl networking, chnging the sitution in which ech firemn is n informtion isolted islnd. The system hs gret significnce in rel ppliction, which gurntees the life sfety of the firemen to gret degree. References Fig. 5. Progrm chrt of the helmet disply nd lrm module progrm. Fig. 6. Mngement softwre interfce. [1]. Lrry Digney, Appliction of Telemetry Technology in Air Respirtor of the Fire Control, Modern Occuptionl Sfety, Issue 2, 2010, pp [2]. The 15 th Interntionl Fire Fighting Apprtus nd Technicl Exchnge Exhibition, 28 Exhibition Spots including Positive Pressure Air Respirtor for Fire Control, Fire Technique nd Products Informtion, Issue 4, 2013, pp [3]. MSA, Inc., [4]. ISI, Inc., [5]. Shung-Hu ng nd Peter Frederick, SfetyET - wireless sensor network for fire protection nd emergency responses, Mesurement nd Control, Vol. 39, Issue 7, 2006, pp [6]. Shen Li, Andong Zhn, Efficient Emergency Rescue vigtion with Wireless Sensor etworks, Journl of Informtion Science nd Engineering, Issue 27, 2011, pp [7]. Ko, A., Lu, Appliction of Distributed Wireless Sensor etwork on Humnitrin Serch nd Rescue Systems, in Proceedings of the Conference on Future Genertion Communiction nd etworking (FGC '08), Hinn Islnd, Chin, December 2008, pp [8]. [9]. [10]. I, Inc., Copyright, Interntionl Frequency Sensor Assocition (IFSA). All rights reserved. ( 172

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