High Pressure Burner Construction

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Abner Chandler
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1 High Pressure. Burner onstruction 115 HAPTER 15 High Pressure Burner onstruction The construction of this type burner whose bsic principles nd essentil elements were presented in the preceding chpter is here given by showing the vrious detils of well known burner s ctully mde. The sectionl view fig. 1, gives ge nerl ide of the externl ppernce of - the burner s well s internl construction. Different prts nd their functions re brought out grphiclly by the surrounding illustrtions with, rrows pointing to ech prt whose function is indicted. Just below the fuel pump is the fuel regulting unit of the combined cut off nd pressure relief type. ompre with fig. 4. hpter 14. Electricl Prts. Attched nd built into the burner re severl prts of the electric system. They re: 1. Motor. 2. Trnsformer. 3. High tension leds. 4. Electrode ssembly.

$.N N 116 High Pressure Burner onstruction FAN /' \ F T E 4/ /FUEL PUMP High Pressure Burner onstruction 117 The Motor.$

2 .N N 116 High Pressure Burner onstruction FAN /' \ F T E 4/ /FUEL PUMP High Pressure Burner onstruction 117 The Motor. The motor which runs the fn nd pump opertes from the regulr 11 volt house current. n the mjority of cses where oil burners re in use, this current is 11 volt, 6 cycle lternting current. There re however, sections where specil voltge, frequency or type of current is used even in some cses direct current. For such, motor must be provided suited to the current to be used. - MOTOR.. '. A.. ;,U, (\.. HGH TENSON L: ~ Ds i3 i s4 ltc. 2 Prts of the electricl system built into the burner. NOZZLE GNTON FG 1 Sectionl view of high pressure domestic burner showing construction witl grphics s howing the function of ech prt. Note combined shut off nd pressure relic vlves 3ust below the fuel pump. Ques. Ques. Wht is the usul type of motor used? Ans. For lternting current, the split phse strting induc - tion motor. How does it work? Ans. t works on single phse current. The rotor is of the squirrel cge type nd the field hs two sets of windings, strting nd running winding. After the motor comes up to eed, the current on the strting winding is thrown off.

118 Hih Pressure Burner onstruction High Pressure Burner onstruction iig The fn nd pump re both connected to the min shft of t motor, ccordingly the fn nd pump strt with the motor. Fig.

3 118 Hih Pressure Burner onstruction High Pressure Burner onstruction iig The fn nd pump re both connected to the min shft of t motor, ccordingly the fn nd pump strt with the motor. Fig. 3 shows the construction of split phse motor. gnition Trnsformer. There is no stndrd loction for the trnsformer, for instnce, it is mounted underneth thi motor nd blower housing on the burner shown in fig. 2 nd Ans. A copper brrier ssembled between the primry nd ocondry windings nd ttched to the core. Ques. How does it work? Ans. The.brrier positively grounded to the trnsformer ore, collects the high frequency wves generted by the sprk Fic. 3 Sectionl view of split phse motor which runs the fn nd fuel pumps on top of the burner shown in fig. 4. t provides the voltge necessry for ignition. Ques. Wht voltge is provided by the trnsformer? Ans. t vries from 5, to 15, volts to meet the quirements of the vrious types of burners. Ques. Wht is provided on some trnsformers to rdio interference?. 4 gnition trnsformer locted on top of Johnson burner, The prts re:. Drught tube; 2, counter-blnced drught shutter; 3, trnsformer; 4, ignition nd firing ssembly plte; 5, pump striner nd vlve unit; 6, pyrex fire inspection holes; 7, oil feed tube from pump to nozzle; 8, motor; 9, built in therml motor protector; 1, legs; 11, fn housing. p nd dissiptes them to ground which elimintes the possility of interference being trnsmitted to the lighting circuit d thence to the rdio receiver. The Electrodes. These consist of steel wire encsed in lute porcelin like insulting mteril. One end of e&

4 dbtk 12 Hi, h Pressure Burner onstruction electrode is connected by mens of flexible led directly the high side of the ignition trnsformer. The other ends of the electrode points re mde of specil resisting mteril nd normlly re seprted bout Y8 inch f ech other nd re plced bout in. out of the oil spry s sh GAP tfcoo. tat1 JET UNE High Pressure Burner onstruction 121 in figs. 5 nd 6. Their position s connected to the jet line in the drught tube is shown in fig. 7. Fuel Pump. Usully ger pump of the ger nd crescent type shown in fig. 8, is provided. The sectionl view, fig. 9 shows pump unit of this type with regulting vlve ssembly ttched. t is direct connected to the motor through flexible coupling. The pump hs no stuffing boxes. UPPORNG BAM FGS. 5 nd 6 Pln nd elevtion of electrode ssembly. DRETON 'OF ROTATON,. 8 Sectionl view of ger nd crescent type of fuel ger pump with rrows showing direction of rottion nd flow. Sel rings, held in plce by spring effect n efficient sel which cuses less friction thn tht cused by stuffing box. Fig. 1 shows in detil the flexible coupling nd sel ring s well s other detils. 7 Sectionl view showing ppernce nd plcement ot eiectroe sseill'uy FG. stlled in burner drught tube. View lso shows turbultor locted in dvnce burner noz7'k. Ques. How does the pump work? Ans. The shft, driven by the electric motor, turns smll viner ger which in turn opertes the lrger ger. The sttionry crescent set in between the two gers estblishes the division between the inlet nd dischrge sides!.

122 High Pressure Burner onstruction -- High Pressure Burner onstruction 123 ombined ut Off nd Pressure Relief Vlves. Th Ans. t onsists of "squirrel cge" series of vnes or bldes sectionl view, fig.

5 122 High Pressure Burner onstruction -- High Pressure Burner onstruction 123 ombined ut Off nd Pressure Relief Vlves. Th Ans. t onsists of "squirrel cge" series of vnes or bldes sectionl view, fig. 11, shows ctul construction of unit of itiounted on the rim of wheel. These vnes re slnted forthis type together with the compct ssembly of pump nd wrd in such mnner s to provide the mximum dischrge striner. The different prts re nmed, with rrows clerly showing construction. ompre this construction view with the elementry digrm fig. 4. hpter 14. SUTON PORT of ir. Ques. How is the fn mounted? rr VENT L Z. LLJ LL 7 * TLUNGER / - DSHARGE ONNETON PRESSURE ADJUTNG $R*W FG. 9 Sectionl view of ger type fuel pump nd vlve control ssembly. j f The Air System. The conventionl mke up of the ll system comprises fn, ir shutter, drught tube nd turbultor t or ner the end of the drught tube, for instnce s shown in fig. 12. L Ques. Wht is the construction of thefn? kem A:.<. -O.., o

6 124 High Pressure Burner onstruction Ans. Direct connected to motor through flexible shft* AP - REGULATNG PRESSURE SREW t PUMP - ' ENTERNG WASHER REGULATNG SPRNG - PSTON High Pressure Burner onstruction 125 Fig. 13 shows plinly construction of the fn nd flexible coupling. Ques. Describe the opertion of the ir system. - Ans. The fn drws ir into the fn housing nd forces this ir through the drught tube nd turbultor nd into the combustion chmber. The mount of incoming ir cn be regulted by djusting the ir shutter. STRANER ; : RESSURE R:GUTG NEEOLE r NEEDLE,' t TO NOZZLE - RLt RETURN.'.:.. Fo STRANER SREE. NTAKE 11 Striner, pump nd vi ly: FAN 8LOWR HOUSNG S AR SHuTTER. O p FG. 13 Fn nd flexible coupling. n this design the coupling engges jws of the fn hub s shown. 4 * Flo. 12 Sectionl view of burner illustrting ir system. Drught Tube Assembly. This prt of the csing mesures pproximtely 4Y9 ins, in dimeter nd 2 ins, long on most domestic size conversion burners. - The oil jet line leding from the oil pump to the nozzle is plced t the center of the tube nd the electrodes re held in brcket clmped to the jet line. This ssembly is shown i-n figs. 15 nd 16. Ques. Wht is the object of the ir cone?

NTAKE FROM TANK --f'--m SUNDSTRAND ROTA-ROLL PUMP ROTOR 111 STRANER SUNDSTRAND RELEF VALVE DSHAR13E PORT -GAGE PORT 1 D D cc 1 D REMOVABLE LEEVE D RETURN TO TANK PRESSURE ADJUSTNG SREW Fic. 14.

7 NTAKE FROM TANK --f'--m SUNDSTRAND ROTA-ROLL PUMP ROTOR 111 STRANER SUNDSTRAND RELEF VALVE DSHAR13E PORT -GAGE PORT 1 D D cc 1 D REMOVABLE LEEVE D RETURN TO TANK PRESSURE ADJUSTNG SREW Fic. 14. Sundstrnd two stge fuel unit. n opertion, the first stge ger set (intke pump) drws oil from the inlet t the top of the striner chmber. When the chmber is full, excess oil nd ny ir is dischrged directly into the tnk return line. n this mnner, ir is purged from the unit ndquiet, efficient opertion results. The second stge ger set (pressure pump) pumps only solid ir free oil from the bottom of the striner chmber reservoir. From this point, the oil flows to the pressure chmber of the blnced vlve nd from there, the flow of oil is the sme s for the J unit. The two stge unit must be mounted with the vlve down to purge ir s previously described. The by-pss plug is not ssembled in the H units t the fctory, but is shipped in cloth bg, ttched to the unit. The by-pss plug must be inserted in the pump when used s two-pipe system. A 3/16 in. Allen wrench is used to insert or remove the by-pss plug. ) () S '- g c) - (5 1 en orq D QQ rl 1 (* p-i en r r M NN rn -4, M N o > o c -- '.5 =-- D M z WD cn M c- D 1 M D S -4 c+ -5 D D D ) f) '- D tti p- D p- ) '-p- 3 (-5 - D 1 fll - rn en D N D - t' D - en

128 High Pressure Burner onstruction High Pressure Burner onstruction 128A Ans. As the ir is forced through these vnes, it is given swirling motion just before it strikes the oil spry.

8 128 High Pressure Burner onstruction High Pressure Burner onstruction 128A Ans. As the ir is forced through these vnes, it is given swirling motion just before it strikes the oil spry. This motion provides more thorough mixture of the oil nd ir resulting in better combustion. The shpe of the turbultor vries in different models, but the purpose is the sme to thoroughly mix the ir nd oil spry. Fig. 16 shows double turbultor clled by mnufcturers, ir impeller nd nose piece. The illustrtion shows lso other prts. Sun Ry Verticl Tube or Firing Hed of VS Burner. The instlltion is shown in fig. 19. The firing hed should be centered in the boiler or furnce crefully. The top of the firing hed (secondry ir nozzle 1) should be two to four inches bove the wter leg of boiler or the sme distnce bove the grte lugs on furnce. 1e OU TTD V (' (.fl LSHUTTERS FULLY OPENED Fics. 17 nd 18. Ei djustble shutters in fully closed nd fully open positions. Fig. 17, fully closed; fig. 18, fully open. D'Eli Adjustble Shutters. Known lso s flme tuner. With the old type burner in order to obtin flexibility sy from 1 to 3 gllons per hour, it requires the chnge of severl prts, choke ring nd fn. For exmple, to burn 1 gllon per hour from the sme model of burner drught tube would hve to be much smller thn if burning 3 gllons per hour with the sme model of burner. The flme tuner ccomplishes this by moving lever on the side of the burner. This lever increses or decreses the dimeter opening of the drught tube to the size necessry to give closer djustment. The djustment rnge is greter thn by using different size choke rings. Fin. 19. D'Eli choke ring removed for lrger cpcity. When firing tnximum cpcity, the front choke ring is removed. When firing up to 1Y4 gls. cpcity per hour, choke ring is left in. This gives 2 in cpcity for the burner. A sheet metl pn should be cut to fit the inside dimeter of the boiler or furnce nd should be lid on the grte lugs nd on the collr on the verticl blst tube of the burner. The collr on the blst tube is djustble in height to equl the height of the grte lugs. ution should be tken in retightening the two set screws on the djustble flnge. These screws should be only finger tight. More tension on the two top screws will cuse distortion of the No. 2 (fig. 2) finned collr, mking it difficult to remove the firing hed. The pn should be covered with suitble insulting mteril such s "nsulg" to depth of four inches round the wter leg of the boiler nd flush with the end of the secondry ir nozzle 1. This insulting mteril cn be either flt or hve slight tper up from the secondry ir

9 128B High Pressure Burner onstruction High Pressure Burner onstruction 128 N '- wt Shell ombuston Hed. The wy in which the burner - hed performs its functions determines how much of the fuel's potentil heting vlue becomes vilble s usble het. Of.2. d prime importnce is the intimte mixing of every prticle of, & 4J oil with enough ir to burn it completely. " cu c :1 nsulted Deck Wter Leg / or 4 Thick 2to 4" Thick 'Furnce Wll Second ry NozzleJ Pitch w. W UJ -.. cc 2 U.1 D 21 to L ND r. or Equl...4 Q)b Metl Pn d o. c Boiler - 4T or Grte Lug Furnce Q U2 Adjustble Flnge 12. o () -c Floor Line ) '.. '.).E.zr ~ ' -2 -., bo - ouz ). FG. 23. Sun Ry verticl tube or firing hed of VS burner... Erizonto i f too little ir hs been supplied, or if enough hs been supplied but,,,.. ~ cnnot rech ech prticle of oil while it is burning, the prticle will not burn completely, but will form soot nd crbon. This mens loss of het....) Soot nd smoke formtion cn be reduced if more ir be supplied for ).. the burning opertion, but even this is not perfect solution. Although d ).,. the oil my burn completely, if it be given dditionl quntities of ir, =.) l4 cs heting efficiency will still be low. The het produced is now wsted in si heting excess ir which escpes up the chimney. Excess ir is not.. - stisfctory substitute for efficient mixing of ir nd oil.. 2o cifl: 2 t cn be sid then tht efficient combustion requires smoke- 5 OOO 9 Op... 1)4 less burning with minimum of excess ir.

10 128D High Pressure Burner onstruction The high pressure gun type oil burner employs sprying nozzle with n extremely smll orifice (.8 ins, in dimeter nd upwrd) from which tiny droplets or prticles of oil re spryed out under high pressure. The oil nozzle, precision built device, my be likened to the spry nozzle on grden hose. The Shell combustion hed does not employ high velocity ir becuse it is constructed ccording to specil design. ELETRODES High Pressure Burner onstruction 128E Ques. Wht is the result? Ans. t is climed tht this provides n optimum of mixing with mximum of burning re. There is mple ir in intimte contct with ech tiny droplet of oil, nd the ir is vilble through the period of burnin'g. The flme mss hs regulrity of shpe tht denotes high velocity nd precision of ir movement with mximum of mixing nd burning efficiency. 'i M! 1T FG. 25. Gilbrco Models G3, G4, GS oil burners with dul ignition nd electronic controls. Note the electrode ssembly showing two pir of electrodes, duel ignition trnsformer, photo-electric cell ssembly, etc. ontinuous ignition. t is climed tht only 5 to 1% of excess ir is used with the Shell combustion hed. Ques How does the ir move out in the Shell combustion hed? Ans. The ir flres out t wide ngle to form the surfce of cone which conforms to the shpe of the oil spry cone. Ques. Why is 5 to 1% excess ir necessry? Ans. To prevent the formtion of crbon monoxide nd to keep the fire going under vrible tmospheric conditions. Ques. How bout djustments? Ans. The Shell combustion hed cn be djusted by mens of mechnisms operted from the bck of the burner ssembly.

11 128F High Pressure Burner onstruction 1_ ONDENSER APA TOR SNGLE PHAS' ELETRON ONTROL - WTHN L ' - DUAL GNTON ELETRODES Fic,. 2. Gilbrco burner view from hed showing the two pir of electrodes, lso opening t side for electronic tube. The combustion control is burner-mounted electronic rely for use with operting controls, such s thermostt, qustt, etc. of the low voltge type. The limit control is of the line voltge type.

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